上海市三维地质结构调查主要方法、成果及其应用

城市地质调查工作的基础为地质结构调查,本文在已完成的上海市三维地质结构调查的基础上,对城市化地区进行地质结构调查和评价的方法、成果进行了总结,包括城市地质工作部署、调查方法、成果及其应用等,以期为类似城市和本市后续开展的城市地质工作起到借鉴作用.     

Performance of rectangular closed diaphragm walls in gently sloping liquefiable deposits subjected to different earthquake ground motions

The performance of rectangular closed diaphragm walls(RCDW) subjected to earthquake ground motions is extremely complicated in gently sloping liquefiable deposits and requires further investigation. A nonlinear finite element(FE) model was developed to investigate the seismic performance of an RCDW in the OpenSees platform. Initially, the feasibility of the FE model to simulate the seismic behavior of the RCDW was validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The numerical results agree well with the centrifuge test data. Then, the calibrated model was used to study the seismic performance of the RCDW subjected to different ground motions in gently sloping liquefiable deposits.The numerical results indicate that the soil-RCDW system under near-fault ground motions is more likely to be damaged than that under far-fault ground motions. The difference between the maximum and minimum(D_(max-min)) the RCDW displacement and the maximum excess pore pressure in the soil core increased as the Arias intensity increased. The seismic response of the soil-RCDW system was strongly affected by the frequency content, durations, energy distribution and initial directions of the ground motions. Moreover, the modified specific energy density(MSED) has a good linear relationship with the D_(max-min) of the RCDW displacement.     

上海市地热资源地质条件及开发利用潜力分析

受多种因素制约,上海市近年来陆续实施的地热资源勘查效果都不理想.本文在汇总整理本市有关地热资料的基础上,对区内热源、热储、热盖和通道等地质条件进行了分析,并划分了12个地热资源远景区.热盖为上侏罗统、松散层区域性热盖和上白垩统-古近系、下古生界陆源碎屑岩局部性热盖.热储具有下古生界和白龙港玄武岩层状热储和断裂破碎带带状热储.热源主要为正常的地温增温,断陷盆地盆缘断裂和主要断裂具有深部导热作用.     

Climatological Features of the Western Pacific Subtropical High Southward Retreat Process in Late Spring and Early Summer

Based on the climatological daily mean NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,NOAA outgoing longwave radiation (OLR)data,and pentad NOAA CMAP precipitation from 1979 to 2006,the variation of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)ridge during late spring and early summer(LSES)and its relationship with the onset of the Asian summer monsoon is discussed from a climatological perspective.It is found that a remarkable southward retreat process(SRP)of the WPSH during LSES appears at both lower and higher levels of the ...     

东准噶尔三塘湖盆地中侏罗统砂岩碎屑锆石U- Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及对铀成矿的意义

三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区是东准噶尔地区砂岩型铀矿找矿的有利地段,为揭示该地区中侏罗统西山窑组和头屯河组沉积物物源体系,分析地层铀源条件,对西山窑组和头屯河组砂岩开展碎屑锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年和Hf同位素分析。分析结果显示西山窑组砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄集中于晚古生代,2个样品年龄峰值分别为328 Ma和340 Ma,碎屑锆石εHf(t)为8.9~14.7,二阶段模式年龄介于690~415 Ma之间;头屯河组砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄可划分出238~163 Ma、505~259 Ma和1950~744 Ma三个区间段,碎屑锆石εHf(t)为-6.5~12.1,二阶段模式年龄介于1709~575 Ma之间。物源分析表明西山窑组砂岩物源单一,主要来自于研究区西部卡拉麦里—麦钦乌拉和野马泉地区;头屯河组砂岩物源相对复杂,除了有来自于卡拉麦里地区的碎屑物质外,还接受了其他区域的物源供给。二者之间碎屑锆石年龄特征的突变,代表了东准噶尔地区中侏罗世一次剧烈的构造变形事件,物源特征指示汉水泉地区中侏罗统地层铀含量相对有限,铀源是限制该地区砂岩型铀矿成矿的重要因素。     

Relationships among the monsoon-like southwest Australian circulation,the Southern Annular Mode,and winter rainfall over southwest Western Australia

This study examines the relationships among the monsoon-like southwest Australian circulation (SWAC), the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and southwest Western Australia winter rainfall (SWR), based on observed rainfall, reanalysis datasets, and the results of numerical modeling. By decomposing the SWAC into two components using a linear model, i.e. the component related to SAM (RSAM) and the component unrelated to SAM (SWACI*), we find it is the SWACI* that shows a significant influence on SWR. Similarly, it is the component of SAM associated with SWAC that exhibits an impact on SWR, whereas the component unrelated to SAM. A similar result is obtained in terms of the circulation associated with SWAC and the SAM. These facts suggest the SAM plays an indirect role in influencing SWR, and raise the possibility that SWAC acts as a bridge between the SAM and SWR, by which the SAM passes its influences onto SWR. This is due to the fact that the variations of SWAC are closely linked to the thermal contrast between land and sea across the southern Indian Ocean and southwest Australia. By contrast, the SAM does not significantly relate to this thermal structure, particularly for the component unrelated to SWAC. The variations of surface sea temperature over the southern Indian Ocean contribute to the favored rainfall circulation patterns. This finding is supported by the numerical modeling results. The strong coupling between SWAC and SWR may be instrumental for understanding the interactions between SWR and the southern Indian Ocean, and provides another perspective in examining the variations in SWR.     

核典型相关分析的高分辨遥感影像变化检测

传统的线性多变量变化检测方法在处理高分辨率遥感影像变化检测时,容易出现明显的"椒盐现象"的问题。该文基于面向对象的分析思想,提出核典型相关的变化检测方法。首先对高分辨率遥感影像进行多尺度分割获得影像对象;然后运用核函数多变量典型相关分析,构造差异向量,并进行最小噪声变换,提高影像对象的信噪比;最后采用ROC曲线确定最佳的变化检测阈值。实验结果表明,该方法不仅消除了"椒盐"现象的干扰,而且提高了变化检测的精度。     

Quaternary Stratigraphic Division and Paleoenvironmental Evolution Observed from Core LZK1 on Hengsha Island, Shanghai

The Quaternary sediments in the Yangtze delta are loose and lack precise stratification marks in the lithology. Moreover, due to the limitations of dating methods, it is difficult for Quaternary cores to deliver accurate age constraints. Thus, it is a challenge to establish the Quaternary stratigraphic framework. Gravity core LZK1 was drilled on Hengsha Island, Shanghai, in the Yangtze delta, in 2012. The core was terminated at 403.83 m below the local land surface, the uppermost 291.2 m comprising a thick sequence of Quaternary sediments. This study investigated the stratigraphic subdivision and paleoenvironmental change of the Quaternary sediments. From bottom to top, the Quaternary stratigraphic sequence can be subdivided into the lower Pleistocene Anting Formation, Middle Pleistocene Jiading Formation, Upper Pleistocene Chuansha Formation and Nanhui Formation, Holocene Loutang Formation, Shanghai Formation, and Rudong Formation. According to this study, the Hengsha Island area was dominated by a freshwater lacustrine environment during the early Pleistocene, an alternation of shallow lake and shore lake environment during the Middle Pleistocene, a delta plain to lagoonal environment during the early Upper Pleistocene, a fluvial channel to floodplain environment from the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) to the end of the Upper Pleistocene, and a delta environment during the Holocene.     

Lithological and palynological evidence of late Quaternary depositional environments in the subaqueous Yangtze delta, China

AMS ¹⁴C ages of post-glacial core sediments from the subaqueous Yangtze delta, along with sedimentary structures and distributions of grain size, pollen spores, and dinoflagellate cysts, show an estuarine depositional system from 13 to 8.4 cal ka BP and a deltaic system from 5.9 cal ka BP to the present. The estuarine system consists of intertidal to subtidal flat, estuarine, and estuarine-front facies, characterized by sand–mud couplets and a high sedimentation rate. The deltaic system includes nearshore shelf and prodelta mud featured by lower sedimentation rate, markedly fewer coastal wetland herbaceous pollens, and more dinoflagellate cysts. We explain the extremely high sedimentation rate during 9.2–8.4 cal ka BP at the study site as a result of rapid sea-level rise, high sediment load due to the unstable monsoonal climate, and subaqueous decrease of elevation from inner to outer estuary. A depositional hiatus occurred during 8.2–5.9 cal ka BP, the transition from estuarine to deltaic system, caused possibly by a shortage of sediment supply resulting from delta initiation in paleo-incised Yangtze valley and strong tidal or storm-related reworking in offshore areas. The subsequent development of deltaic system at the study site indicates accelerated progradation of Yangtze delta post-5.9 cal ka BP.