Chemical weathering over the last 1200 years recorded in the sediments of Gonghai Lake,Lvliang Mountains,North China: a high‐resolution proxy of past climate

Increasing interest in global climate change has led to attempts to understand and quantify the relationship between chemical weathering processes and environmental conditions, especially climate. This interest necessitates the identification of new climate proxies for the reconstruction of two important Earth surface processes: physical erosion and chemical weathering. In this study, an AMS ¹⁴C‐dated 2.8‐m‐long sediment core, GH09B1, from Lake Gonghai in north‐central China was subjected to detailed geochemical analyses to evaluate the intensity of chemical weathering conditions in the catchment. Multivariate statistical analysis of major and trace elemental data of 139 subsamples revealed that the first principal component axis PCA1 explained ～53% of the variance in the assemblage of elements/oxides with significant positive correlations between PCA1 scores and the separation of mobile and soluble elements/oxides from the immobile and resistant elements/oxides, which is thus able to indicate the chemical weathering in the catchment. These results are supported by the down‐core trends of other major and trace elemental ratios of chemical weathering intensity as well as by pollen data from the same core. Variations in PCA1, chemical index of alteration (CIA), Rb/Sr ratio and other oxides ratios indicate stronger chemical weathering due to a wet climate during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). However, the MWP was interrupted by an interval of relatively weaker chemical weathering conditions from AD 940–1070. Weak chemical weathering under a dry climate occurred during the Little Ice Age (LIA), and increased chemical weathering intensity during the Current Warm Period (CWP). Our proxy records of chemical weathering over the last millennium correlate well with the available proxy records of precipitation from Gonghai Lake as well as with the speleothem oxygen isotope record from Wanxiang Cave, but do not show a significant correlation with the temperature record in N China, suggesting that the chemical weathering intensity in the study area was mainly controlled by the amount of rainfall rather than by temperature. We conclude that high resolution lacustrine sediment geochemical parameters can be used as reliable proxies for climate variations at centennial‐decadal time scales.     

四套全球网格降水数据集在伊朗的适用性评估

伊朗由于其独特的地理位置和脆弱的生态环境一直以来都是气候变化研究的热点区域,降水作为伊朗水资源的重要来源对生态环境和社会经济发展尤为重要,因此评估降水数据集的适用性是进行科学研究的基础。本文利用伊朗1988—2017年103个观测站的年降水数据（OBS）,以平均偏差（Mean Error,ME）、均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）、相关系数（correlation coefficient,R）对Global Precipitation Climatology Centre（GPCC）V2020、Climatic Research Unit（CRU）TS 4.05、Terrestrial Air Temperature and Precipitation: Monthly and Annual Time Series（UDEL）V5.01和NOAA's Precipitation Reconstruction over Land（PREC）四套全球网格降水数据集在伊朗的适用性进行评估,并进一步分析了地形对不同数据集精度的影响。研究结果显示：① GPCC降水数据偏差最小,与观测数据相关性最高,最适合伊朗现代气候变化研究。② GPCC、CRU、和UDEL均能反映伊朗降水的基本特征,但普遍会低估降水高值,PREC数据不能准确反映伊朗降水的空间分布模态,因此使用PREC数据分析伊朗降水特征时应当谨慎。③ 海拔和坡度对ME、RMSE以及R有一定影响,坡向对数据集精度影响不大。以上结论可为四套数据的订正及其在伊朗地区气候变化研究中的应用提供科学依据。     

致密储层油气成藏机理研究现状及其关键科学问题

致密油气是世界上近20年来勘探、开发和研究的热点。在大量文献资料调研的基础上,首先总结了前人对致密储层特征及成因、致密储层油气形成和分布特征以及致密储层油气运移和聚集机理等方面的研究现状;然后分析了目前国内外有关致密储层油气成藏研究的主要特点;最后提出微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气充注、运移和聚集机理是致密储层油气成藏机理的核心科学问题,具体体现为油气由烃源岩向致密储层的充注机理、致密储层微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气运移的渗流机理以及致密储层微米—纳米级孔喉网络系统油气的赋存和聚集(滞留)机理3个具体的关键科学问题,而这将是致密储层油气成藏机理下一步研究的重点。     

Coastal Erosion Along the West Coast of the Taiwan Strait and It’s Influencing Factors

Based on the field surveys and repeated cross-profile observations combined with the comparison of many years’ topog-raphic maps,this study shows the spatial variability and varying patterns of coastal erosion along the west coast of the Taiwan Strait.Regional differentiation in the Meso-Cenozoic coastal tectonics determined the irregular coastline and geological background for large-scale coastal erosion distribution.The intensity of coastal erosion on the west side of the Taiwan Strait is mild in the nort...     

Diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes in high mountain terrain: High-resolution fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology modelling and impact of lateral flow

Water and energy fluxes are inextricably interlinked within the interface of the land surface and the atmosphere. In the regional earth system models, the lower boundary parameterization of land surface neglects lateral hydrological processes, which may inadequately depict the surface water and energy fluxes variations, thus affecting the simulated atmospheric system through land-atmosphere feedbacks. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrologically enhanced regional climate modelling in order to represent the diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes in high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and coupled WRF Hydrological modelling system (WRF-Hydro) are applied in a high alpine catchment in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the headwater area of the Heihe River. By evaluating and intercomparing model results by both models, the role of lateral flow processes on the surface energy fluxes dynamics is investigated. The model evaluations suggest that both WRF and coupled WRF-Hydro reasonably represent the diurnal variations of the near-surface meteorological fields, surface energy fluxes and hourly partitioning of available energy. By incorporating additional lateral flow processes, the coupled WRF-Hydro simulates higher surface soil moisture over the mountainous area, resulting in increased latent heat flux and decreased sensible heat flux of around 20–50 W/m² in their diurnal peak values during summertime, although the net radiation and ground heat fluxes remain almost unchanged. The simulation results show that the diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes follows the local terrain and vegetation features. This highlights the importance of consideration of lateral flow processes over areas with heterogeneous terrain and land surfaces.     

国土资源更新调查底图生产中QuickBird影像数据处理方法研究

在我国国土资源二次更新调查中,利用卫星遥感数据生产土地调查工作底图的作业中涉及大量QuickBird影像数据处理。利用DEM、RPC参数、LPS模块对影像做正射纠正、局域网平差,可满足生产1∶10 000 DOM的精度要求,并通过项目的实施,对QuickBird影像数据批量处理的关键技术进行探讨。     

东北地区中等地震前地磁空间相关性异常特征初步分析

应用黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古和辽宁等省的地磁总场强度F北京时21点绝对观测值,研究了其空间相关性在东北地区几次中等地震前的变化.结果显示,在这些地震前地磁总场F的空间相关性会出现下降变化,本文初步给出了判定异常的指标.     

Comparison of different methods for assessing heavy metal contamination in street dust of Xianyang City, NW China

Street dust is one of the important indicators that reflect the status of urban environmental pollution. There are many studies of heavy metals contamination of street dust in capital cities; however, little attention has been paid to this kind of study in medium cities, including China. The dust samples were collected in the district of traffic crossroads in Xianyang city, Shaanxi Province. Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Mn concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals are higher than the background values of soils in Shaanxi Province. The contamination level of heavy metals is assessed by potential ecological risk index (E _r), geoaccumulation index (I _geo), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution index (Pi). The low I _geo, EF, E _r, Pi and PI_n (integrated pollution index) for Mn in street dusts indicate an absence of distinct Mn pollution. The high EF, Pi and PI_n of Cu and Zn indicate that there is considerable Cu and Zn pollution. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to heavy metals contamination of Cu and Zn. The assessment results of Pi and PI_n suggest that Pb, Ni and Cr present strong pollution; however, their EFs indicate that they cause moderate pollution and their I _geo indicates that they are unpolluted to moderately polluted. The contamination class value with different assessing methods is of the order: Pi ≈ PI_n > EF > I _geo > E _r.     

金川地区构造序列及与铜镍硫化物矿床的关系

金川地区的控矿构造有其特色,一个存在于白家嘴子组和塔马子沟组间的早期推覆构造造成位于断层上盘的白家嘴子组地层强烈变形,并与后期伴随大陆裂解的伸展构造一同为含矿超基性岩浆的贯入成矿创造了条件。在中新元古代,金川地区可能发育成一个变质核杂岩体,伴随有大规模基性超基性岩浆侵入。祁连造山运动为区域成矿后的最主要构造运动。在造山过程,形成一系列近北西西向逆平移断层,并将龙首山的老变质核杂岩夹持隆起,在区域上显现出一个正花状构造系,构建了该区域的主要构造格架。祁连运动还导致原似层状的含矿岩体破裂、走滑和翘起,导致青藏高原隆起的新构造运动则将白家嘴子含矿岩体进一步破坏,同时将其向北东东推掩至新生代冲积层之上。     

扬子西缘元古宙峨边群烂包坪组地层归属及其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学证据

扬子西缘峨边群地层序列一直以来存在争议,其时代归属缺乏地质年代学约束。通过对扬子西缘元古宙峨边群各组、段岩石组合特征、沉积充填序列及其沉积接触关系的综合分析,初步确定了峨边群烂包坪组地层归属。该地层应位于原峨边群上部,代表一次新的构造旋回开始,已不属于峨边群地层范畴。在烂包坪组下部凝灰岩中首次获得的(779.3±15.7) Ma锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄,进一步证实其形成于新元古代,而非中元古代。(2 737±30) Ma和(2 480±29) Ma的两个单颗粒锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄,表明扬子西缘峨边-金口河地区可能存在古老的新太古代结晶基底。这些研究成果和新的认识将有助于推动扬子西缘峨边群研究工作的深入开展。