亚热带森林非甲烷碳氢化合物的研究 I.季节变化(钢瓶采样)

对中国亚热带森林地区的非甲烷碳氢化合物(NMHC)进行了一年多的钢瓶采样,并利用气相色谱仪对空气样品进行了分析,得到了大量NMHC的实测资料以及它们的季节变化规律和相互之间的关系.研究表明,NMHC的主要来源是当地植物的排放.对异戊二烯及其影响因子进行了详细研究.     

德兴铜矿低品位矿石堆浸场与大坞河流域土壤重金属元素形态的环境特征

本文主要采用连续提取法对德兴铜矿地区低品位矿石堆浸场和大坞河流域的土壤样品进行元素形态分析。低品位矿石堆浸场中As、Cu元素含量最高分别达到95.7μg/g和1867μg/g,都严重超过国家三级土壤标准,但是通过元素形态分析得到,As元素主要以硫化物态存在(百分比为50%-80%),Cu元素主要以有机结合态存在(百分比为50%-60%),能稳定存在于矿石中。其他元素如Cd、Mo、Pb、Zn都以有机物结合态为主,Cr元素以硅酸盐态为主,Hg元素以硫化物态占主要,重金属迁移性差,对环境的影响不大。大坞河流域上中下游元素形态组成变化不明显。Cu元素含量(平均为400-500μg/g)超过国家三级土壤标准,但是Cu元素主要是以有机结合态存在(比例为35%),稳定性相对较好。而Cd元素虽然在样品中含量在国家三级土壤标准之下,其水溶态、吸附态和碳酸盐态所占的比例较大(30%左右),容易发生迁移转化,对环境的影响较大。Pb元素以有机结合态为主,百分比达到45%;As、Hg元素以硫化物态占主导,百分比大于50%,对环境有潜在的影响。其他元素如Cr、Mo、Zn的硅酸盐态比例最大(50%左右),能比较稳定的存在于土壤中,对环境的影响较小。     

易门狮子山铜矿流体包裹体研究

在总结狮子山铜矿床地质特征基础上,开展了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、成分分析等研究,结果表明狮子山铜矿成矿流体为H2O-NaCl体系,包裹体分三大类:含子矿物包裹体(S型)、液体包裹体(W型)和气体包裹体(V型)。S型包裹体为气液固三相包裹体,子矿物多为石盐,加热时常晚于气相均一为液相。均一温度范围广,在192～570℃之间,盐度在31.2%～69.63%NaCleqv之间,高温高盐度流体包裹体的存在说明有深源流体叠加;W型包裹体均一温度范围在98～583℃之间,盐度低至中等,在3.55%～22.98%NaCleqv之间;V型包裹体为高温(平均454℃)低盐度(平均9.54%NaCleqv)包裹体;矿区高温阶段不同相比的S型、V型、W型包裹体共生,且均一温度相同,说明成矿流体经过沸腾作用。     

Mineralogical Characteristics of Exsolved Spinel in the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite Deposit, Sichuan: Implications for the Mineralization Process

Spinel exsolution is widespread in titanomagnetite from the Fe-Ti oxide gabbro of the Panzhihua intrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. However, little research has been conducted into the implications of patterns in the mineralogical characteristics of the spinel for spatial variation in the controls on the exsolution mechanism and, hence, the formation process of the ore deposit. This study selected the Lanjiahuoshan Ore Block in the Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite deposit to explore this issue, systematically studying exsolution textures in the titanomagnetite through petrographic observation and the integrated use of in-situ microanalysis. The results show that the exsolved spinel gradually becomes finer-grained and less abundant from the center to edge and the bottom to top of the ore bodies. Compositionally, there is an inverse correlation between the size of exsolved spinel grains and their Mg# value. In addition, there is compositional zonation in the spinel interiors, with a gradual increase in the Mg content and decrease in Fe content from the core to the rim. The analysis suggests that fractional crystallization of ferrotitanium magma with a high oxygen fugacity in a shallow magma chamber caused compositional differences in the primary magnetite solid solution in different parts of the Panzhihua intrusion. Additionally, the thermal evolution of the magnetite solid solution differed in different parts of orebody, bringing about variations in spinel development. Together, these effects resulted in spatial variation in the abundance, grain size, and morphology of spinel in different parts of the orebody and intrusion that follows an identifiable distribution law. Furthermore, the compositional zonation of exsolved spinels reflects the rapid growth of exsolution features in a high-temperature environment. Thus, the size, morphology, abundance, and composition of spinel exsolution features in titanomagnetite provide a valuable petrogenetic tool for estimating the maturity and formational environment of the deposit.     

山西太原晋祠—兰村泉水复流的岩溶水文地质条件新认识

晋祠泉和兰村泉是山西著名的岩溶大泉,受自然条件变化和人类活动的影响,两个泉于20世纪末相继断流。针对山西省政府提出的要使晋祠、兰村泉水复流的生态修复目标任务,文章在泉域水文地质调查基础上,就泉水复流密切相关的四个关键性岩溶水文地质条件问题开展研究并提出了新认识。核实了目前划定的晋祠—兰村泉域边界,依据最新资料对现行的晋祠、兰村泉域边界提出了7处修正,修改后晋祠泉域面积由2 030 km2变为2 713 km2,兰村泉域面积由2 500 km2变为2 614 km2。汾河二库在蓄水后库区的主体部分划归到晋祠泉域而非兰村泉域,其渗漏补给是造成近年来晋祠泉域区域岩溶地下水位大幅回升的主要原因。确定了晋祠泉域内盘道—马家山断裂带是一个岩溶水强富水带,也是岩溶地下水从北部中、上寒武统含水岩组向南部中奥陶统含水岩组的转换带。圈定了晋祠泉域:玉门河南峪村—杜儿平煤矿东侧—官地矿与白家庄矿交界处—龙山—明仙村东—晋祠泉的岩溶地下水强径流带。这些认识是开展晋祠—兰村泉域岩溶地下水资源评价、地下水开发管理和保护的基础,更是制定晋祠、兰村泉水复流方案的重要依据。     

紫色土丘陵区小流域综合治理对水土保持的作用

小流域综合治理是各地区水土保持的基本途径之一。根据对四川紫色土丘陵区综合治理小流域(四川南部县鹤鸣观小流域)水土流失多年(1985~2001年)监测,结果表明:①紫色土丘陵区小流域无论是以工程措施还是以生物措施为主进行综合治理,其水土保持效果都是十分有效的,而且是稳定的;②以工程措施为主的综合治理,其水土保持较以生物措施为主的见效快;③这两种综合治理模式,经过一定时期后,其水土保持效果接近。因此,综合治理水土流失,应因地制宜采取治理模式。     

Application of FLAC3D in supporting engineering of deep foundation ditch

Based on the design principles of economic rationality and safety, multiple-pivot pile anchorage approach was used as the supporting engineering of a tall building with a deep foundation ditch. The designs, such as anchor arm, single pile and the whole, were set up in accordance with the calculations of the internal force from the equivalent beam and Yamagata Kunio methods. Moreover, the rationality of the design was estimated using the stability checks. FLAC3D was used for calculating the accuracy of the design. Using FLAC3D to simulating ditch cutting and supporting processes can obtain the equivalent results as the theory analysis in the displacement of ditch surrounding wall, the stress field and stress distribution.     

台湾海峡及两岸发震断裂的对比研究

对比研究了台湾海峡西岸福建沿海北东向龙海角美 -白云山断裂、台湾海峡北东向平潭牛山岛 -东山兄弟屿断裂和台湾海峡东岸台湾岛北东向中央山脉等断裂晚更新世以来的活动性及其与地震的关系。结果表明 ,作为欧亚大陆板块与太平洋菲律宾海板块的边界断裂之一的中央山脉断裂第四纪以来乃至现今仍具有强烈的活动 ,因而发生了 4次M≥ 7地震 ;作为台湾海峡沉降带与福建武夷 -戴云复式隆起的边界断裂的平潭牛山岛 -东山兄弟屿断裂全新世晚期 (2 5 0 0a以来 )仍具有强烈的活动 ,从而发生了 3次M≥ 7地震 ;作为北东向长乐 -诏安断裂带西界断裂组成部分的龙海角美 -白云山断裂晚更新世期间具有强烈的活动 ,因而发生了 5次M =5～ 6 地震     

Numerical Modelling of Geochemical Behaviour of Fluoride in the Shallow Groundwater Systems

The Xingtai piedmont plain in Hebei Province is a representative area in northern China where endemic fluorosis is serious and shallow high-F ground water is distributed. In this paper, the area is selected as a typical study area, and on the basis of large amounts of field work and the experiments, through groundwater geochemical modelling and by applying the theory and method of the coupled model of hydrodynamic transport and chemical reactions in a multicomponent system, the author performed numerical modelling of the geochemical behaviour of fluoride in a shallow groundwater system, quantitatively studied the hydrodynamic transport and chemical reaction of fluorine migration, transformation and concentration in a water-heterogeneous unsaturated soil system under the conditions of meteoric water infiltration and quantitatively determined the speciation of fluorine and the saturation state and dissolution/precipitation trend of various solid precipitates in shallow high-F groundwater, thus deepening t