A weighted difference barrier method in landscape genetics

Identifying barriers of species and characterize their effects on spatial distribution provide essential information to research in landscape genetics. We propose a weighted difference barrier (WDB) method as an alternative to maximum difference barriers (MDB), and to initiate and integrate more spatial modeling and methods into the problem solving process. Overall, WDB provides quick and straightforward improvements to the drawbacks of MDB. WDB integrates more sample location relationships into the barrier construction and reveals potential barriers that would otherwise go undetected. WDB incorporates both within group and between group genetic information, and delineates the barriers as a more complex pattern.

多波束测深数据异常值检测算法比较

简要介绍了现行的部分国内外多波束测深数据异常值检测算法,比较和分析了算法的各自优缺点,包括中值滤波、基于趋势面的测深异常检测、抗差估计异常值检测。总结得出,通过综合利用以上各种算法,能有效提高测深数据的异常值检测效果。     

基于重力梯度的潜艇探测方法研究

提出了一种基于重力梯度探测潜艇的新方法。借助计算机代数系统Mathematica,计算了模拟潜艇在不同位置产生的重力垂直梯度,分析了其变化情况,结果表明如果现有的重力梯度仪精度为10-4E,即使下潜深度达300m,在海面上100m范围内也能够探测到;当重力梯度仪的精度达到或超过10-6E时,可在海面上1000m范围内实现探测。     

A parabolic equation for wave propagation over porous structures

A parabolic wave model was developed to simulate wave transformation over porous structures in the surf zone including wave-breaking and energy dissipation. This model is verified through experimental data for waves passing over a submerged permeable structure with porosities. The numerical results have shown good agreement with the results of laboratory experiments. The model is also applied to the real case of waves propagating over a porous submerged breakwater on a complicated bathymetry.     

热电离质谱法测定国际比对氧化铀芯块中的铀同位素比值

采用全蒸发-热电离质谱技术测量了国际比对二氧化铀样品中的铀同位素比值。比对结果表明,本实验室提交的²³⁴U/²³⁸U、²³⁵U/²³⁸U和²³⁶U/²³⁸U值与IAEA公布的参考值偏差分别为0.02%、-0. 003%和0. 97%,在实验室间分析测试能力评价中, Z (或ζ)分数分别是0.03(或0.05)、-0.05(或-0.07)和0.15(或0.25),均被评价为满意。     

MCC和一般暴雨云团发生发展的物理条件差异

利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料和GMS红外辐射亮温（TBB）资料，研究了2002年6月22日的中尺度对流复合体（MCC）和7月23日的一般暴雨云团两者之间发生发展的环境场差异。结果表明，MCC发生在较弱的斜压环境里，对流层低层有明显的天气系统如切变线、中尺度低涡，中层可以没有低压槽参与，高层则出现在反气旋环流里。普通暴雨云团低层的影响天气系统和MCC类似，但中层往往和槽线相联系，高层则出现在急流入口区右侧。MCC对高温高湿能量的需求比一般暴雨云团更高，如要求高能舌范围更广、更深厚，对流不稳定区范围更大。MCC的动力强迫主要在低层，和较大的θ_se梯度联系密切，而一般暴雨云团的高空槽强迫作用显得更重要。     

基于GPRS网络LED屏气象信息发布系统

为满足公共气象服务的需要,利用现有GPRS网络覆盖范围广、实时在线、通信质量高和维持费用低等优势,设计并实现一种基于GPRS网络的LED显示屏气象信息发布系统。介绍系统结构和各部分功能,以及系统中远端显示控制卡的硬件结构组成和信息显示过程。阐述系统服务器3个管理程序、终端用户程序和矢量文字信息转换为点阵文字信息的方法,以及系统的实际应用情况。     

干旱地区春小麦耗水量和节水措施的探讨

本文研究了春小麦耗水量与产量的关系及其耗水规律，分析了土壤湿度、耗水量对春小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明：拔节至抽穗是春小麦的水分临界期，抽穗至成熟期耗水量最多，耗水模系数最大；产量与耗水量呈二次曲线关系，适宜土壤水分下限为：出苗至拔节期为田间持水量的70％-75％，拔节至抽穗期为60％-65％、抽穗至灌浆初期为55％-60％．灌浆初期至成熟期为50％-55％，本文还对春小麦覆盖地膜的节水增产原因及效果进行了探讨，提出了黑河流域春小麦节水增产的技术措施及进一步研究的意见。     

Grapes模式预报西南地区夏季2m温度的检验评估

利用西南地区2004、2005年夏季的实况温度对G rapes模式输出的2m温度预报产品进行检验,结果表明,不管是单日预报误差还是月平均预报误差,都没有随预报时效的延长而增大,对四川盆地大部分地区,模式预报温度偏高,对重庆、云南、贵州及川西高原南部的温度预报,基本上表现为14时偏高,02时偏低,对川西高原北部和西藏则表现为预报温度偏低。分析表明,模式中对高原地形处理的不真实是温度预报产生误差的重要原因之一,利用回归分析方法能对模式温度预报进行有效的订正。检验分析结果为进一步改进模式,提高要素预报产品质量提供了一定的依据。      

Sensitivity of mountain runoff to climate change for Urumqi and Kaidu rivers originating from the Tianshan Mountains

The mountain watersheds of Kaidu River and Urumqi River, which separately originate from the south and north-side of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are selected as the study area. The characteristics and trends on variation of temperature, precipitation and runoff, and the correlativity between temperature, precipitation, and runoff were analyzed based on the past 40 years of observational data from the correlative hydrological and weather stations in the study areas. Various weather scene combinations are assumed and the response models of runoff to climate change are established in order to evaluate the sensitivity of runoff to climate change in the study areas based on the foregoing analysis. Results show that all variations of temperature, precipitation, and runoff overall present an oscillating and increasing trend since the 1960s and this increase are quite evident after 1990. There is a markedly positive correlation between mountain runoff, temperature, and precipitation while there are obvious regional differences of responding degree to precipitation and temperature between mountain runoff of Urumqi River and Kaidu River Basins. Also, mountain runoff of Urumqi River Basin is more sensitive to precipitation change than that of Kaidu River Basin, and mountain runoff of Kaidu River Basin is more sensitive to temperature change than that of Urumqi River Basin.