綦江流域80a一遇特大暴雨实况与影响系统分析

利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动气象站观测资料、探空资料、风云2G资料、降水实况融合产品以及EC EAR 0.25°× 0.25°逐小时再分析资料,对2020年6月22日綦江地区特大暴雨洪灾过程进行诊断分析。结果表明,此次过程发生在南亚高压脊线附近,500 hPa槽前,700 hPa和850 hPa低涡切变之间,850~500 hPa之间为一致的偏南暖湿气流不断输送水汽,近地面层为偏东回流冷空气形成冷垫爬升;对流云团生成、合并、发展,形成中尺度对流系统MCS,对强降水有很强的指示意义,且暴雨区发生在云团合并发展阶段且冷云区≤-52 ℃的区域;短时强降水伴随地面辐合线的生成而发生,且最强小时雨强中心出现在中尺度辐合线附近并随着辐合线缓慢向东移动;此次过程累积雨量大值区主要发生在綦江城区及綦江流域上游地区,其中过程累积雨量最大的站点达到了302.7 mm,綦江流域上游地区的站点基本都达到100 mm以上,最大小时雨强达到了64 mm·h^-1,小时雨强强、累积雨量大是造成此次暴雨洪涝灾害的主要原因。     

Research on the photo-temperature model for the developmental rate of rice

Rice is one kind of crops with short length of light, its developmental rate in the photophase depends on the light-length and temperature. Since uncultivated rice was discovered in China, about 40,000 species of rice, including photo-sensitive and temperature-sensitive types, have been growing. A number of researches have been carried out by agrometeorologists in this field. The purpose of this paper is to develop a photo-temperature model based on a considerable amount of experimental data.     

深圳市气象灾害分区预警系统研究

介绍了深圳市气象灾害分区预警系统设计思路、技术框架、主要功能和应用效果。该系统将多种探测资料和临近预报产品集成显示,对定量降水预报等产品进行检验评分和择优排序,根据监测实况和外推预报自动形成分区预警提示;按街道行政辖区自由组合分区预警区域,将气象灾害预警精细到街道辖区;该系统与各分发渠道建立自动连接,一次性制作分区预警产品,输入指令,不同发布渠道同时分发。该系统实现了预报预警技术、预警制作平台和预警发布传播平台高度集成,可在3min内完成分区预警信号自动提示、编辑、制作和各传播渠道的自动分发,高效地解决了预警发布的"最后一公里"问题。     

AN OPERATIONAL AUTO-MONITORING FOR THE EL NIO EPISODES USING GMS T_(BB)

1 INTRODUCTION Oceans of the world cover about seventy percent of the earth surface, with larger proportion at the tropics. The tropical oceans not only provide heat energy and vapor, but also change the heat status and therefore make positive effect upon…     

双线偏振多普勒雷达对一次降雹超级单体发展减弱阶段的演变分析

2015年4月28日,在高空冷涡的天气背景下,一个伴有较长生命史中气旋的超级单体在上海南汇双线偏振多普勒雷达观测范围内经历了发展减弱阶段,并产生了冰雹、雷雨大风、短时强降水等灾害性天气。利用常规天气观测、南汇双线偏振多普勒雷达、双雷达反演风场等资料分析发现,超级单体在发展成熟阶段呈现出回波悬垂、低层入流缺口、中气旋以及三体散射等经典特征,以及表示雷暴处于发展加强阶段的差分反射率因子柱。差分反射率因子柱通常意味着雷暴中上升气流的加强,同时说明大量的水滴可以被强上升气流托举到0℃层以上,形成过冷水滴,从而有利于冰雹的形成。超级单体经过的区域0～6 km垂直风切变达到了22～26 m·s~(-1),强垂直风切变环境有利于水平涡度发展,南汇雷达观测范围内中气旋维持了100 min左右,有利于雷暴的发展维持。此外,基于模糊逻辑法对此次降雹强对流天气过程开展了相态识别,结果表明,模糊逻辑法对此次强对流天气过程中的冰雹、降水等不同性质的降水能够进行有效的识别,有助于对雷暴降水相态本质的认识。     

2017年7月初柳州特大暴雨成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料和柳州多普勒雷达观测资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对2017年7月1-2日发生在柳州市的一次特强降水过程进行了分析。结果表明:高原槽、低涡切变以及地面辐合线是此次过程的主要影响系统;副热带高压的稳定维持,使高原槽长时间停滞在黔桂交界一带;地面中尺度辐合线的长久维持为强降水提供了动力抬升的条件,辐合上升运动增强激发出大量的中尺度对流云团,强回波形成列车效应,从而产生大暴雨。     

A Logistic-growth-equation-based Intensity Prediction Scheme for Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones※

Accurate prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity remains a challenge due to the complex physical processes involved in TC intensity changes. A seven-day T...     

MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS DURING 20-23 JUNE 2002 REVEALED BY SATELLITE OBSERVATION

The 20-23 June 2002 mesoscale convective systems,which produced heavy rainfalls over the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River Basin,are studied using satellite imagery, satellite products and conventional sounding data. Results demonstrate that the torrential rain was caused by three MαCSs (Meso-a scale Convective System) and some MβCS (Meso-β-scale Convective System) activities in succession. The TBB (black-body temperature) analysis depicts that several meso-β-scale cloud clusters and convective cells were embedded and alternately developed within an MαCS.As the strongest convection gradually decreased,the cold TBB area expanded quickly in hours before dissipation. However,the heavy rainfall occurred in MαCS developing and maturing stages.And the minimum TBB fluctuation matched well to the precipitation trend with the lower TBB for the heavier rainfall. A kind of favorable synoptic environment for MαCS genesis and activities could be described as follows.The West Pacific subtropical high is stable with its western ridge reaching to the west region of South China.To its south and west sides,there is the robust ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone),the active Indian-Bengal monsoon cloud surges carry warm and moist air by low-level jet (LLJ) to mid-latitudes where a frontal zone existed for days,meanwhile a 500 hPa short-wave trough moved eastward.At the upper troposphere,the southeasterly divergent flow dominates the environment due to the South-Asian high enhancing and moving eastward,and a monsoon water vapor plume (WVP) is stretched from the Bay of Bengal to the Changjiang River Basin.With a certain favorable configuration including a monsoon WVP,a frontal cloud system,a shortwave trough cloud system,and monsoon cloud clusters,MαCSs could initiate and develop successively in the same region.     

多目标效用函数和模糊数学论在重庆市万州区中稻产量预报上的应用

运用多目标效用函数和模糊数学论方法,分析了影响重庆市万州区中稻产量的主要气象因子,并通过一系列的数理转换,建立了万州区中稻气象产量预测预报生态模型,以此开展对外服务.     

北京地区非职业性CO中毒模型及气象指数

为了减少北京冬季非职业性CO中毒(以下简称CO中毒)事件,搜集整理了北京城近郊区16个急救中心2002-2005年的逐日煤气中毒人数,经过研究冬半年(10月至翌年4月)逐日CO中毒人次与北京观象台气象要素以及北京周边(河北省8个气象站)海平面气压场的相关关系,采用准多元回归指数概率分级技术,建立了CO中毒指数(4分级)预报及相应风险水平评估模式.结果发现,CO中毒人次有明显的季节变化,每年1-3月中毒人数偏高,10月和4月相对较低;CO中毒气象指数24、48和72 h预报时效的历史拟合率达50.2％～60.5％(预报等级完全正确),预报与实况误差小于等于1级的历史拟合率为85.2％～88.2％.该研究结果经过2008年1月至2009年4月在电视、报纸、电台和手机短信等媒体中的应用,在科学预防一氧化碳中毒事件发生,为北京市煤气中毒事件和死亡人数下降7％发挥了作用.