西藏当雄6.6级地震与尼木6.5级地震震害特征分析

2008年10月6日16时30分在西藏拉萨市当雄县（北纬29°48′,东经90°21′）发生了Ms6．6级地震,而在1992年7月30日16时24分在拉萨市尼木县（北纬29°35′,东经90°15′）曾发生过Ms6．5级地震。上述2次地震发生在同一活动构造带上,地震类型相同,震级、震源深度也相差不大,但2次地震造成的灾害损失却相差很大。作者在地震现场调查的基础上,对比分析了这2次地震的人员伤亡和震害情况,探讨了造成地震灾害损失轻重的主要因素。     

Correlations between microbial indicators, pathogens, and environmental factors in a subtropical Estuary

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether indicator microbes and physical–chemical parameters were correlated with pathogens within a tidally influenced Estuary. Measurements included the analysis of physical–chemical parameters (pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity), measurements of bacterial indicators (enterococci, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and total coliform), viral indicators (somatic and MS2 coliphage), viral pathogens (enterovirus by culture), and protozoan pathogens (Cryptosporidium and Giardia). All pathogen results were negative with the exception of one sample which tested positive for culturable reovirus (8.5 MPN/100 L). Notable physical–chemical parameters for this sample included low salinity (<1 ppt) and high water temperature (31 °C). Indicator bacteria and indicator virus levels for this sample were within average values typically measured within the study site and were low in comparison with levels observed in other freshwater environments. Overall results suggest that high levels of bacterial and viral indicators were associated with low salinity sites.     

Surface-based Internal Multiple Elimination in the CMP Domain — Theory and Application Strategies on Land Seismic Data

The data-driven internal multiple elimination (IME) method based on feedback model, which includes CFP-based, surface-based and inversion- based methods, are successfully applied to marine datasets. However, these methods are computationally expensive and not always straightforward on land datasets. In this paper, we first proved that the surface-based IME method, which is the most computationally efficient method among the three methods, can be derived from the CFP theory. Then we extend it to CMP domain under the assumption of locally lateral invariance of the earth, which makes it more computationally efficient. In addition, we proposed applying a time-variant taper based on the first Fresnel zone to predict the multiples more percisely. Besides, the improved S/N ratio and dense offset distribution can be obtained by using the CMP supergather, which makes the CMP-oriented method more suitable for land data. Some practical processing strategies are proposed via case study. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with the application to synthetic and field data.     

拖拉机驾驶机器人设计及人机协作方法研究

针对农用拖拉机智能化程度低,以及现有的人工智能水平尚无法完全实现自主驾驶控制拖拉机等问题,本文设计一种基于人机协作的拖拉机驾驶机器人.拖拉机驾驶机器人可以对拖拉机进行快速、无损、智能化升级,其结构由转向控制机械手、换挡机械手、旋耕机升降控制机械手和踏板控制机械腿等组成.通过研究人机协作的控制方法,提出了人机协作介入准则和基于转向电机电流反馈扭矩检测的人机协作模式切换方法,研制了原理样机验证拖拉机驾驶机器人的可行性和人机协作控制策略的有效性,对促进精准农业,提高现代农业智能化装备水平具有重要的现实意义.     

植被温度条件指数在土壤墒情遥感监测中的应用

利用多年极轨气象卫星遥感资料,在计算出植被条件指数和温度条件指数的基础上,计算了遥感监测土壤墒情的植被温度条件指数(TV)。通过实测土壤湿度和TV的散点图,可以得到土壤墒情遥感模型的干旱等级指标,可用于干旱等级定性监测;通过建立土壤湿度和TV的回归方程,可进行土壤墒情定量监测。该方法兼有植被条件指数和温度条件指数的优点,且计算简单,对地面气象要素依赖性小,实时性好,在作物生长旺盛期,其定量反演0~30 cm土壤墒情精度平均可达80%以上,可以替代作物缺水指数法。     

祁连山北坡森林资源与林业建设

祁连山北坡森林资源具有团块层次分布显著、地域分布不均和林区生态系统脆弱等特点，并具有保持水土、调节气候、涵养水源等特殊功能，是河西天然巨型的“绿色水库”。为此，对林区提出了综合规划、分区治理和划分为３个林业气候区开发的意见。     

南海及邻域现代构造应力场与近代地壳运动及地壳稳定性研究

本文根据有限元法反演了南海及邻域现代构造应力场的基本特征,着重讨论了应力场与地震活动、火山活动、活动断裂和地壳升降运动等的相关性,并根据最大剪应力的数值将本区划分为极不稳定区(≥1.8×10~7Pa)、不稳定区(1.2×10~7Pa-1.8×10~7Pa)、次稳定区(6×10~6Pa-1.2×10~7Pa)和稳定区(<6×10~6Pa)等4个大区域的地壳稳定性分区。     

2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前长中短临异常特征的研究

在地震短临跟踪工作过程中,我们发现,2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前,在地震活动性方面,长中短临不同时段内呈现出各种形态的异常,小震活动呈现条带、围空和平静－活跃的过程。地下流体前兆异常水氡趋势性中期异常呈现同步性转折,水氡突变性短临异常呈现同步性突跳,近源区和邻区的水汞呈现同步性高值异常;而且,地下流体前兆异常形成区域与中强震发生地点有一定的构造关联性。因此,对2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前地震活动性长中短临各阶段呈现的异常．中短临地下流体前兆异常,进行了系统回顾和总结,理清预报思路,以便更好地指导今后的工作。     

C（n）及其在异常震群判别研究中应用的初步尝试

本文引入算法复杂性度量Ｃ（ｎ）判别震群活动是否具有前兆意义。选取１９７１－１９９３年间３．２≤Ｍｍａ≤ｘ５．０，Ｎ≥１２的震群序列，用１０小时段，五种震级状态计算Ｃ（ｎ），发现当Ｃ（ｎ）≥８时，与其后１６４天内四川及西南部周边附近５级以上强震相关。Ｒ评分具有９７．５％置信水平。同时，分析、比较了Ｃ（ｎ）与参数ｂ、Ｋ、Ｕ、Ｈ的预报能力，认为Ｃ（ｎ）有一定的预报效能且高于Ｈ、Ｕ和Ｋ。     

中国云南地区上地幔地震各向异性

本文分析云南地区中周期ＳＫＳ偏振，得出观测台附近上地幔Ｓ波快速方向和分裂时间为：昆明，８５°，１．０秒；洱源，８９°，１．０秒；腾冲，１６５°，０．７秒；昭通１６７°，０．９秒。按上地幔地震各向异性是应力作用下矿物优势取向所致的观点，腾冲和昭通的各向异性观测与现代应力场作用相符。但昆明和洱源的观测与现代应力场作用矛盾，它可能是古生代至中生代间攀西裂谷张裂时期，地幔物质流动引起矿物有序排列的结果。