泥岩成岩矿物演化特征与成岩体系划分：以东营凹陷古近系为例

成岩过程中泥岩的成岩矿物会随成岩体系的改变而发生变化，因此有效地识别成岩矿物组合与划分成岩体系，对深刻 理解有机质生烃的差异性具有重要的意义。文章选取东营凹陷古近系不同层段埋深在1200~4500 m的泥岩，通过岩石薄片、 扫描电镜和X射线衍射等检测，有效地区分了外源输入的矿物（如石英）与成岩矿物（亮晶方解石和白云石）等显微特征的差 异，据此建立了定量估算泥岩中成岩转化的黏土矿物含量的方法：C陆源=（C/Q）沙一×Q样品和C成岩=CXRD-C陆源，其中C为黏土矿物含 量，Q为石英含量，更好地反映了泥岩成岩过程中黏土矿物的演化特征。在埋藏演化过程中泥岩中的成岩矿物和组合呈现出 两段性，3000 m以上黏土矿物和白云石的成岩转化较慢，形成了以伊蒙间层+高岭石的成岩矿物组合，推断其经历了酸性成岩 环境和开放成岩体系；3000 m以下黏土矿物和白云石的成岩转化过程加快，形成了以伊利石+绿泥石+白云石的成岩矿物组 合，推断其经历了碱性成岩环境和封闭成岩体系，充分展现了泥岩在深浅层成岩环境和体系的差异性。与前人研究东营凹陷 泥岩中由有机质生烃产生异常压力造成的开放/封闭体系界限基本吻合，表明泥岩中矿物埋藏演化经历的成岩体系与有机质 生烃形成的压力体系具有较好的响应关系，这对认识不同成岩体系下有机质的生烃过程和生烃机理的差异性具有重要的 意义。     

桌子山中奥陶世公乌素组遗迹化石组合与古地理环境

据遗迹化石新资料 ,将内蒙古桌子山地区中奥陶世公乌素组遗迹化石自下而上划分为 8个组合 :Taenidium组合、Zoophycos组合、Volkichnium组合、H elminthopsis-Paleodictyon组合、Granularia组合、 Circulichnus组合、 Chondrites组合及 H elminthopsis组合。其中 ,H elminthopsis-Paleodictyon与 H elminthopsis两组合属于 N ereites遗迹相 ,并分别出现于陆隆 -深海盆地浊积扇与陆隆浊积扇环境 ;其余 6个组合与 Seilacher( 1 967)的 Zoophycos遗迹相相当 ,代表有机质丰富、平静而贫氧的大陆斜坡环境。遗迹组合序列和遗迹相的递变表明 ,本区在公乌素组沉积期经历了两次由陆棚边缘盆地—大陆斜坡—陆隆 -深海盆地浊积扇 (或陆隆浊积扇 )的环境演变。指出了本组遗迹化石与波兰喀尔巴阡山复理石相遗迹化石在分布上的相似性。认为 Zoophycos相各遗迹组合所赋存的泥灰岩等是很好的生油岩。     

发挥高精度磁测作用的几个实例

简要介绍了高精度磁测的应用现状.通过金厂沟金矿区辽河群大石桥岩组与盖县组接触界限的划分,以及阜新建设花岗岩与长英质糜棱岩边界的划分等实例,说明得用高精度磁测结果,在配合地质填图、划分地质界线、圈定矿体和寻找古墓及古坑道等地质问题方面的优越性.用于隐伏区地质填图时,不仅能确定强磁性岩石边界,而且还能确定弱磁性岩石边界.在提高信息密度的前提下,根据磁化率K值和剩余磁化强度Jr值的不同,在典型成矿区能直接圈定弱磁性矿体.     

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比关系一直存有分歧.综合分析前人生物地层学资料,并结合同位素年代学,提出老公沟层、业南沟层、尖山沟层和冀北滦平盆地大店子组1~2段及3~4段下部相当,大康堡层可与大店子组3~4段上部对比,金刚山层与西瓜园组大致相当.     

中亚造山带南缘中—新元古代地壳的揭示——来自北山—阿拉善北部钻遇碱性花岗岩的年代学和Hf同位素示踪研究

前寒武纪微陆块是北山—阿拉善北部增生造山带的重要组分,旱山、雅干和珠斯楞—杭乌拉地区的前寒武纪基底是否存在学界尚存争议.居延海介于北山造山带北部和阿拉善地块北缘的构造衔接部位,受限于巴丹吉林沙漠覆盖,岩石露头极少,我们通过钻井工程,钻遇一套晚石炭世碱性花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征揭示,该花岗质岩浆锆石结晶年龄为(312±1)Ma(MSDW=0.46,n=18)和(315±2)Ma(MSWD=0.93,n=15),具有正的εHf(t)值,介于+0.8~+4.4之间,平均值为+2.2,对应二阶段模式年龄TDM2为1048~1267 Ma,平均值为1183 Ma,具有古老地壳的源区属性.通过与旱山构造带、雀儿山构造带、雅干构造带和珠斯楞—杭乌拉构造带的晚石炭世花岗质岩浆对比分析,结合旱山构造带、雅干构造带和珠斯楞—杭乌拉构造带0.9 Ga花岗质岩石的出露以及区域上的重磁资料解译,我们认为旱山、雅干和珠斯楞—杭乌拉构造带存在中—新元古代地壳,且可开展进一步的衔接关系研究.     

Features of the Early Palaeozoic Mantle beneath Langao County and Its Formation Mechanism

Phlogopite-amphibole pyroxenite xenoliths contained in an Early Palaeozoic alkali subvolcanic lam-prophyre complex in Langao County, Shaanxi Province, are metasomatized mantle xenoliths, composed mainly of clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, apatite, pervoskite, ilmenite and sphene with well-developed subsolidus metamorphism-deformation textures, such as "triple points" and "cataclastic boundaries" . Minerological studies indicate that clinopyroxene is rich in SiO2 and MgO and poor in TiO2 and Al2O3, which is notably different from magmatogenic deep-seated megacrysts and phenocrysts formed in the range of mantle pressure. Amphibole and phlogopite have the compositional feature of mantle-derived amphibole and phlogopite. Sm-Nd isotope studies suggest that the metasomatized mantle beneath Langao County is the product of metasomatism of primitive mantle by melt (fluid) derived from the mantle plume, and the mantle metasomatism occurred 650 Ma ago. The process of mantle metasomatism changed from mantle me     

冷冻固定化优势菌群处理含甲醛苯酚废水

包气带土壤中氨氮污染迁移规律已成为近年来国内外学者研究的重点,目前在氨氮污染迁移规律研究中采用柱实验模拟以及软件模拟的方法较多,土壤生物技术则广泛应用于污染物降解领域,而在污染物迁移规律研究中应用较少。本文采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术、16S rRNA序列分析技术以及典范对应分析相结合,对华北平原3个典型氨氮污染区土壤表层至包气带剖面微环境的细菌垂直分布特征及群落结构进行研究。结合污染区土壤理化性质分析,认为包气带土壤剖面的细菌群落中存在着与氮循环、硫酸盐代谢等过程偶联的优势细菌类群,说明土壤微环境中细菌群落分布明显受氨态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和硫酸盐的分布影响,进一步表明污染土壤优势菌群的群落结构信息是描述包气带土壤环境氨氮污染物迁移规律的重要参数。     

Late Mesozoic compressional to extensional tectonics in the Yiwulüshan massif,NE China and their bearing on the Yinshan–Yanshan orogenic belt: Part II: Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and gravity modeling

Granitoids play an important role in deciphering both crustal growth and tectonic evolution of Earth. In the eastern end of the Yinshan–Yanshan belt of North China Craton, the Yiwulüshan massif is a typical region that presents the tectonic evolution features of this belt. Our field work on the host rocks has demonstrated two phases of opposite tectonics: compressional and extensional, however, the deformation is almost invisible in the intrusive rocks. To improve the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Yiwulüshan massif and the Late Mesozoic tectonics of East Asia, a multidisciplinary study has been carried out. In this study, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and gravity modeling have been applied on these Jurassic plutons (Lüshan, Jishilazi and Guanyindong), which intrude into the Yiwulüshan massif. According to laboratory measurements and microscopic observations on thin sections, the AMS of the Yiwulüshan massif is characterized by secondary fabrics, indicating that the intensive post solidus deformation has reset the (primary) magmatic magnetic fabrics. A relatively gentle NW dipping magnetic foliation has been identified with two distinct groups of magnetic lineations of N34°E and N335°E orientations, namely L_M1 and L_M2, relatively. Gravity modeling reveals a southward thinning of the massif with a possible feeding zone rooted in the northern part of the massif. Integrating all results from structural observation, geochronological investigation, AMS measurement and gravity modeling, two tectonic phases have been identified in the Yiwulüshan massif, posterior to the Jurassic (180–160 Ma) magmatism in the Yinshan–Yanshan area. The early one concerns a Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (~ 141 Ma) compressional event with a top-to-the-south to southwest sense of shear. The second one shows an Early Cretaceous (~ 126 Ma) NW–SE ductile extensional shearing. At that time, sedimentary basins widened and Jurassic plutons started to be deformed under post solidus conditions. In fact, the NW–SE trend of the maximum stretching direction is a general feature of East Asian continent during Late Mesozoic.     

基于扫描法在复杂地层剖面图绘制中的应用

论述了基于扫描线填充算法的理论和适用填充剖面图的数据结构．同时应用该算法采用Delphi和OpenGL绘制了某地质工程实例的二维、三维复杂地质填充剖面图，并取得了较好效果．     

贵州青岩地区早-中三叠世生物地层

贵州青岩地区下-中三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,尤其是中三叠世“青岩动物群”,具有生物辐射性质.为了研究二叠纪末生物大灭绝事件后的生物复苏及辐射过程,对该区下、中三叠统剖面进行了实测,并从沉积学、古生物学上进行了系统研究.识别出5个牙形石带:Neospathodus dieneri带、Neospathodus waageni带、Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带、Neospathodus homeri带、Chiosella timorensis带,建立2个有孔虫组合和6个双壳类组合.并根据牙形石化石初步确定出印度阶与奥伦尼克阶及奥伦尼克阶与安尼阶的界线.多门类化石的分布和生态组合结构表明,大灭绝后的复苏-辐射第一幕发生于安尼期早期,安尼期中期雷打坡页岩段的化石组合具有典型辐射后期的生态繁荣景象.古环境研究表明,本区从三叠纪初到中三叠世安尼期沉积水体总体上震荡式变浅,表现为盆地-陆棚-台缘斜坡-台地-盆地-台缘斜坡-陆棚的演变过程.