Climatic response of thick leaf spruce (Picea crassifolia) tree-ring width at different elevations over Qilian Mountains, northwestern China

Tree-ring cores of thick leaf spruce (Picea crassifolia) taken from four sites at different elevations, in the middle of the Qilian Mountains, in the arid and semi-arid region of northwestern China, were used to develop four tree-ring width chronologies using standard dendrochronological methods. Results indicate that with increasing altitude the chronologies’ year-to-year variations decreased. Hence, the sensitivity of the tree-ring chronologies to climate decreases with altitude. Further analysis showed that the significant limiting factor on tree growth is spring precipitation. Measurements of stomata density and leaf dry weight suggest the species’ ecological adaptation strategy changes with elevation. At high elevation the metabolic rate of thick leaf spruce decreases, thus showing the effect of the climate.     

城市边缘带识别研究进展与展望

城市边缘带作为城市与乡村相交接的特殊地带,是城市化进程中最为敏感的区域;城市边缘带的定量识别是研究边缘带社会结构、景观格局和发展梯度的基础工作,也是城市化生态环境效应定量分析的前提条件。但边缘带识别的理论与方法未受到足够重视,缺乏系统梳理。本文在对比分析城市边缘带及相关概念的基础上,明确了城市边缘带识别的实质与内涵;提出了基于指示要素—空间单元—判别模型的城市边缘带识别概念框架,并从上述三方面系统回顾了国内外城市边缘带识别研究进展;对未来研究进行了展望,认为城乡作用机理探析、多要素综合识别、非参数化模型融合、多尺度转换以及长时间序列动态监测等将是下一步重点研究方向。     

重庆市主体功能区识别的主导因素与空间稳定性约束机理

主体功能区规划已上升为国家制度和战略,对中国长期空间发展格局优化与再组织将发挥积极的引导和约束作用。从地域性角度出发,探寻主体功能区发生性(形成与演化)和反馈性(识别与规划)时空机理与规律是地理学具有时代意义的重要科学问题。以重庆市为例,通过国土空间开发条件综合评价,识别了主体功能区划分的适宜性空间格局。基于对西南山区发展约束条件的基本认识,提出了地域主体功能空间分异的主导性约束假设,设定地形和区位为原生性主导因素,验证了其与区划指标系统的定量关联性,以此为基础解析了主导因素约束机理并提出了地域主体功能区的空间稳定性机制。研究发现:①开发与保护适宜性识别结果的格局指向清晰。城市化适宜的区域主要集中于都市区和部分周边区县,区域副中心(万州和黔江)适宜性也相对较高。生态保护适宜的区域集中于渝东北秦巴山区及部分三峡库区区县,同时包括渝东南武陵山区所在区县。②地形和区位因子在本区域对主体功能区的识别与形成具有主导约束作用。回归分析显示,主体功能区划指标与地形因子相关性水平达到显著的超过70%,区位因子超过40%;两者综合后与区划标志变量(A、B指数)的相线性相关拟合度R2均超过0.8;地理探测器发现,地形和区位因子对区划指标的约束性分别有9个和7个达到0.05显著性水平,对A、B指数的解释度分别约为70%和60%,两者叠加后,约束水平全部达到显著,对A、B指数的解释度在90%左右。③空间稳定性机制表现为两个方面,其一是基于主导因素约束的稳定性传递机制,称为客观稳定性;其二是基于指标体系的局域相对性和算法的内部抵消机制,称为主观稳定性。两种机制的协同性验证了区划技术系统的地域适应性和科学性。     

Stochastic generation of hourly rainstorm events

Occurrence of rainstorm events can be characterized by the number of events, storm duration, rainfall depth, inter-event time and temporal variation of rainfall within a rainstorm event. This paper presents a Monte-Carlo based stochastic hourly rainfall generation model considering correlated non-normal random rainstorm characteristics, as well as dependence of various rainstorm patterns on rainfall depth, duration, and season. The proposed model was verified by comparing the derived rainfall depth–duration–frequency relations from the simulated rainfall sequences with those from observed annual maximum rainfalls based on the hourly rainfall data at the Hong Kong Observatory over the period of 1884–1990. Through numerical experiments, the proposed model was found to be capable of capturing the essential statistical features of rainstorm characteristics and those of annual extreme rainstorm events according to the available data.     

Developing a comprehensive evaluation method for Interconnected River System Network assessment: A case study in Tangxun Lake group

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It...     

The magmatic activity mechanism of the fossil spreading center in the Southwest sub-basin,South China Sea

Petrogeochemical data indicate that after the end of seafloor spreading,residual magmatic activity still exists in the deep basin of the South China Sea.By using different viscous structure models beneath the fossil spreading center of the Southwest sub-basin we simulated the amount of melt produced,the length of the melting period,and the thermal evolution process in terms of geothermics and the buoyant decompression melting mechanism.We compared the results of our model with observed heat flow,seismic,and petrogeochemistry data.The results show that depletion buoyancy induced by buoyant decompression melting plays an important role in the melting process,while retention buoyancy,thermal buoyancy,and viscous shear force have only a weak influence on the melting process.From the length of the melting period,we determined that for the three viscous structures models the magmatic activity lasted about 5,12,and 15 Ma.Under the effect of buoyant depression melting,local high-temperature areas will develop under the basin,which can explain the low-velocity layer detected by seismic exploration in the middle and upper lithosphere of the Southwest sub-basin.We also simulated the possible lithology distribution beneath the fossil spreading center with the physical conditions of different viscous structure,different temperature structure,and different melting fraction,which provided a greater understanding of the rock petrogeochemical data of the deep sea basin in the South China Sea.     

物理过程参数化方案对中国夏季降水日变化模拟的影响

国际耦合模式比较计划第六阶段(CMIP6)新增的高分辨率模式比较计划(HighResMIP)首次提供全球高分辨率(25—50 km)多模式集合的气候模拟试验结果。利用8个CMIP6 HighResMIP模式评估了高分辨率全球气候模式对青藏高原夏季小时降水与极端降水的模拟能力,结果表明：CMIP6高分辨率模式高(低)估了青藏高原地区的降水量和频率(强度),过多的降水量主要来自模式对降水频率的高估,尤其是弱降水(< 2 mm·h^-1)的发生频率。模拟偏差与地形海拔密切相关,偏差大值区主要位于高原南坡和东坡陡峭地形区。模式不能准确再现降水量与海拔之间的关系,高(低)估了高(低)海拔地区的降水量。模式低估了降水强度随海拔升高而降低的变化速率。在日变化方面,模式能够模拟出青藏高原降水傍晚至午夜的峰值特征,但明显低估了降水的日变化振幅。在小时极端降水方面,模式低估了高原区域平均极端降水第95百分位数阈值,仅为观测值的57%。

     

宁夏盐池县相对资源承载力

采用相对资源承载力的理论与研究方法,定量分析了盐池县8个乡镇相对资源承载力时空变化及差异特征,并对承载力匹配特征进行空间表达。结果表明：盐池县辖各乡镇相对于盐池县的综合人口承载力表现出严重超载、超载和富余3种不同的状态;相对自然资源经济承载力时空变化稳定,自然资源的经济潜力不断增大;相对草地资源牲畜承载力随时间推移不断递增且空间差异明显;依据3种承载力状态组合划分了不同的承载力匹配类型,并提出不同类型的可持续发展策略。本研究可为盐池县禁牧10年后各乡镇发展提供建议,并为“退牧还草”政策的继续实施提供理论支持。     

三角网格模型剖分方法的研究与应用

数值波场正演在地震学和勘探地球物理学领域正得到越来越广泛的应用,用一个好的方法来建立一个复杂的地质模型则显得尤为关键。三角网格模型相对于层状模型和矩形网格模型在反映地质界面形态、三角网格剖分个数调节及射线追踪速度等方面具有明显优势。利用三角网格剖分的建模方法,在VC2008编程环境下实现了复杂地质模型的描述。通过对复杂模型的建模测试,表明采用三角网格剖分方法,可解决以下模型难题：①对复杂模型界面的描述;②对复杂逆断层的描述;③对封闭块体的描述;④对模型弹性参数进行描述。