现代黄河三角洲YRD-1401孔MIS 5以来沉积层序及其古环境意义

近年来渤海地区晚更新世以来沉积环境演化和地层划分存在争议。本文对现代黄河三角洲东南海岸带YRD-1401孔岩芯（长81.00 m）沉积物进行综合研究,旨在建立该孔晚更新世以来地层的沉积相序列和时间标尺,为解决地层划分争议提供新的证据。根据AMS ¹⁴C和光释光测年结果,并考虑到YRD-1401孔底部地层光释光年代的不精确性,本文主要研究YRD-1401孔MIS 5以来的沉积演化史。综合分析YRD-1401孔沉积地层的岩性特征和底栖有孔虫组合变化,结合测年结果,该孔可划分为6个沉积单元（从下往上DU 6~DU 1）：最底部的DU 6（51.35~81.00 m）为受潮流影响的河流沉积（其形成时间有待进一步研究）,DU 5（37.64~51.35 m）为MIS 5潮坪-近岸浅海沉积,DU 4（30.71~37.64 m）为MIS 3早期的潮坪沉积,DU 3（23.50~30.71 m）为MIS 3晚期至全新世早期形成的河流沉积,DU 2（14.22~23.50 m）为全新世早期（约10 cal.ka B.P.）至1855年形成的滨岸沼泽-滨岸浅水-近岸浅海~前三角洲沉积-海洋改造层,DU 1（0~14.22 m）为1855年以来发育的现代黄河三角洲沉积。晚更新世以来该孔有3个海相层（自下而上分别是DU 5、DU 4和DU 2）,分别形成于MIS 5、MIS 3早期和全新世,表明晚更新世以来全球海平面变化是其主要控制因素。研究区MIS 4的沉积地层出现缺失。渤海沿岸地区多个钻孔地层的对比表明,区域性的差异构造沉降、沉积物供给和地层完整性等因素也是影响研究区晚更新世以来沉积地层发育的重要因素。

     

CORS系统在航空重力测量地面GNSS基站解算中的应用

航空重力测量是以飞机为载体,快速、高效获取大面积中、高频地球重力场信息的航空物探测量方法。航空重力测量技术的商业化运行归功于动态差分GNSS定位技术的成熟,使得载体的动态定位、动态测速和加速度解算精度大大提高,而差分GNSS技术解算载体动态定位的精度又依赖于地面基准站坐标精度。在实际作业中,通过组建控制网并设立地面GNSS基站,联测国家GNSS控制点,不仅需要花费较多的经济成本和时间成本,而且在人迹罕至的沼泽、高原、荒漠无人区以及远离大陆的海岛礁地区,这种方法都面临很大的困难。随着我国CORS站建设的不断深入,CORS系统精度和网度不断提高,利用CORS站数据,通过GAMIT等软件进行地面GNSS基站解算来确定其准确坐标位置的方法成为一种新趋势。本文以某测区实际数据为例,对比分析了两种方法得到的基站坐标精度及对重力测量结果的影响,介绍了CORS系统在航空重力测量地面GNSS基站解算中的应用效果,说明利用CORS系统解算不仅满足航空重力测量精度要求,而且能够提高工作效率。     

龙宫风景区科普旅游功能初探

从风景区的科普旅游功能出发,将旅游与科普结合起来,探讨了作为国家级风景名胜区的龙宫,在开展喀斯特科普旅游方面所具备的优势.认为:"天然的喀斯特博物馆"、"脆弱的喀斯特生态环境"、"独特的人地关系耦合系统"等是龙宫风景区开展科普旅游的主要内涵.但调查表明,当前龙宫景区在导游人员的科普素质、旅游解说系统功能方面,均不能满足开展科普旅游的需要.针对龙宫景区科普旅游功能发挥方面存在的问题,提出了加强景区科学研究,提高景区管理阶层科普意识和导游人员的科普素质,调整旅游解说系统功能结构及建立旅游服务中心等应对措施与建议.     

近震震源深度测定精度的理论误差分析

2012年4月2日上海徐汇区发生M_L1.9地震,位于徐汇区、闵行区和浦东新区等地区部分房屋有晃动,部分人群有感。本文分析了上海有感地震的原因,在此基础上从地震精确定位、震源深度、地震烈度、地震发生时间以及人口密度和社会影响等对该次地震的有感原因进行了详细的分析。由于目前地震还不能准确预报,而地震的发生有很大的随机性,因此,提高民众防震减灾意识尤为重要。     

Modern modes of provenance and dispersal of terrigenous sediments in the North Pacific and Bering Sea: implications and perspectives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

During expedition 202 aboard the RV Sonne in 2009, 39 seafloor surface sediment sites were sampled over a wide sector of the North Pacific and adjoining Bering Sea. The data served to infer land–ocean linkages of terrigenous sediment supply in terms of major sources and modes of sediment transport within an over-regional context. This is based on an integrated approach dealing with grain-size analysis, bulk mineralogy and clay mineralogy in combination with statistical data evaluation (end-member modelling of grain-size data, fuzzy cluster analysis of mineralogical data). The findings on clay mineralogy served to update those of earlier work extracted from the literature. Today, two processes of terrigenous sediment supply prevail in the study area: far-distance aeolian sediment supply to the pelagic North Pacific, and hemipelagic sediment dispersal from nearby land sources via ocean currents along the continental margins and island arcs. Aeolian particles show the finest grain sizes (clay and fine silt), whereas hemipelagic sediments have high abundances of coarse silt. Exposed sites on seamounts and the continental slope are partly swept by strong currents, leading to residual enrichment of fine sand. Four sediment sources can be distinguished on the basis of distinct index minerals revealed by statistical data analysis: dust plumes from central Asia (quartz, illite), altered materials from the volcanic regions of Kamchatka and the Aleutian Arc (smectite), detritus from the Alaskan Cordillera (chlorite, hornblende), and fluvial detritus from far-eastern Siberia and the Alaska mainland (quartz, feldspar, illite). These findings confirm those of former studies but considerably expand the geographic range of this suite of proxies as far south as 39°N in the open North Pacific. The present integrated methodological approach proved useful in identifying the major modern processes of terrigenous sediment supply to the study region. This aspect deserves attention in the selection of sediment core sites for future palaeoenvironmental reconstructions related to aeolian and glacial dynamics, as well as the recognition of palaeo-ocean circulation patterns in general.     

A public Cloud-based China’s Landslide Inventory Database (CsLID): development,zone, and spatiotemporal analysis for significant historical events, 1949-2011

Landslide inventory plays an important role in recording landslide events and showing their temporal-spatial distribution. This paper describes the development, visualization, and analysis of a China's Landslide Inventory Database (CsLID) by utilizing Google’s public cloud computing platform. Firstly, CsLID (Landslide Inventory Database) compiles a total of 1221 historical landslide events spanning the years 1949-2011 from relevant data sources. Secondly, the CsLID is further broken down into six zones for characterizing landslide cause-effect, spatiotemporal distribution, fatalities, and socioeconomic impacts based on the geological environment and terrain. The results show that among all the six zones, zone V, located in Qinba and Southwest Mountainous Area is the most active landslide hotspot with the highest landslide hazard in China. Additionally, the Google public cloud computing platform enables the CsLID to be easily accessible, visually interactive, and with the capability of allowing new data input to dynamically augment the database. This work developed a cyber-landslide inventory and used it to analyze the landslide temporal-spatial distribution in China.