高原地形对四川盆地西部突发性暴雨影响的数值试验

用η模式对1995年8月24日四川盆地西部一次突发性暴雨进行了数值模拟和地形减半、无地形数值试验。由对数值模拟与试验的结果分析得出:（1）青藏高原地形有利于高原东麓暴雨区的扩大与强度加大。（2）高原地形对其以北的天气系统南伸和以南的天气系统北扩有阻碍作用。（3）高原地形可影响高原附近以东地区的物理特征场分布,从而影响暴雨区的位置与强度。     

测定一块岩石成岩压力的可能性

用一种超低弹性模量(约为0.01MPa)且具有光弹性的软材料铸模的自重卸荷实验证明了固体材料对它的固化压力具有“记忆”的属性。根据成岩地质体在开挖条件下实测位移场特征和用具有“记忆”性能的相似材料所做的开挖模拟实验结果分析,岩石很可能也具有这种属性。这就为测定岩石成岩压力的可能性提供了重要的理论依据。     

Organic/ Inorganic Occurrence of Metallic Elements of the Black Shale-Hosted Baiguoyuan Silver-Vanadium Deposit in Xingshan, Hubei

By means of kerogen purification, the proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), the authors have studied the organic/inorganic occurrence modes of the metallic elements of the Baiguoyuan silver-vanadium deposit hosted in black shale in Hubei Province, China. The result shows that Au, Hg and Ta have a strong tendency to occur organically, with more than 70% of these elements being associated organically. Se, Ga, Ag and Hf are partly associated with organic matter, with more than 20% of them occurring organically. Compared with the above elements, Zn, Cu, As and Sb are weakly associated organically, and tend to be enriched in kerogen. However, Mn, Th, U, V, Co, Cr, Al, Fe and Sc usually occur inorganically. Of the rare earth elements (REE), La, Ce, Tb, Dy, Yb and Lu have stronger ability to be associated with organic matter than Sm and Eu.     

Application of pyrolysis gas chromatography technique to evaluation of coal-generated hydrocarbon

Based on kerogen-generated hydrocarbon model, a new method to calculate hydrocarbon yields for coals and coaly samples was put forward by means of pyrolysis technique. At the same time, the empirical criteria suggested by Powell were revised. The threshold value was preliminarily defined as HC yields >30 mg HC per gram TOC for effective gas source rocks and >60 mg HC per gram TOC for effective oil source rocks. Additionally, it was also confirmed that the relative compositions of the three ranges of C1-C5 total hydrocarbons, C6-C14n-alkanes plusn-alkenes and C15⁺ n-alkanes plusn-alkenes from pyrolysates can be effectively used to distinguish the coal-generated hydrocarbon types.     

The occurrence and geochemistry of Di - and trimethyl - 2- (4,8,12 trimethyltridecyl) chromans and benzohopanes in Fushun cannel coal,Northeast China

The distribution of methyl-2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chromans (M - MTTC) is related to sedimentary environments. 5,7,8 - tri-Me-MTTC, 5,8 -di - Me-MTTC and 7,8 - di - Me - MTTC have been found in coal for the first time, implying that M-MTTC is widely spread in sediments.The distribution of M - MTTC. the presence of C₃₂—C₃₅ benzohopanes, high Pr/Ph ratio, obvious even - odd predominance in C₂₄—C₃₄ alkanes and odd-even predominance in normal alkanes provide strong evidence of a near - shore lacustrine environment.     

珠江虎门潮汐水道多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源分析

采用GF／F玻璃滤膜对珠江虎门潮汐水道水样进行过滤，分离出颗粒相和溶解相多环芳烃：定量分析结果显示，2001年洪、枯季水体中多环芳烃总最分别是786～2098ng／L和11360～34338ng／L，16种优控多环芳烃含量分别为223～614ng／L和6559～20031ng／L。广州前航道多环芳烃的含量高于狮子洋水样的含量：珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃的含量、分布具有明显的季节变化特征，枯季多环芳烃总量高于洪季1个数量级。多环芳烃的组成及其特祉参数分析表明，珠江虎门潮汐水道水体中多环芳烃主要来源于矿物燃料燃烧和汽车排放。     

可持续发展背景下的黑碳减排

 黑碳气溶胶是环境大气中浓度较低的一种气溶胶粒子组分,因其对光的吸收作用,及其对空气质量和人体健康的影响,而成为当前国际气候变化和环境研究中关注的热点问题之一。本文围绕黑碳的减排问题,介绍黑碳的来源、全球分布,讨论全球温室气体减排和区域空气质量控制对黑碳减排的影响,综述控制和改善燃烧条件、减少开放式生物质燃烧和黑碳封存等减排黑碳的措施。文章还分析了黑碳未能成为全球减排共识的原因,并对中国有关黑碳减排的政策选择提出了建议。     

吐哈盆地侏罗系煤成液态烃生成演化的热模拟实验研究

利用绝对密闭式干热解方法对吐哈盆地侏罗系腐殖煤的液态烃生成演化规律进行了研究。研究结果表明,煤在低成熟阶段(R_0=0.40％～0.65％)的液态烃产率变化幅度较小、地球化学特征也保持未熟—低熟特征;热解物产率曲线在R_0=0.58％～0.59％阶段呈现一个低谷;液态烃大量生成于R_0=0.65％阶段,产率峰值出现于R_0=1.09％阶段。进一步通过热模拟产物Pr/Ph、Pr/nC_(17)、Ph/nCl_(18)及饱/芳值等参数的变化规律、热解物正构烷烃分布特征、热模拟残渣的热解色谱特征,及与典型煤成油进行对比研究.证实了侏罗系煤成液态烃主要生成并排驱于成熟阶段(R_0=0.65％～1.09％)。     

陡倾矿体充填法开采引起地表移动的实例分析

监测表明,长期采用充填法开采的大型金属矿山也会发生显著的地表变形破坏现象。为了掌握金川镍矿地下开采引起的地表移动、变形和破坏规律,借助GPS技术作为地表移动的监测手段,建立了覆盖矿区地表的GPS监测网。持续的监测数据表明,金川矿区地表最大沉降量已达2400mm左右,以现场调查与地表长期监测数据为依据,给出了地表移动的范围与特征,分析了与岩体移动、变形和破坏现象发生相关的条件和规律,并提出了一些具有预测性的观点,为工程地质-岩石力学条件大致相同矿山的工程技术人员和研究人员提供了一个有借鉴意义的实例。