藏南拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿淡色花岗岩稀有金属的富集

拿日雍措穹窿(错那洞穹窿)位于北喜马拉雅穹窿的东部,穹隆内花岗岩种类较多,有淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石淡色花岗岩、片理化淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石和含绿柱石伟晶岩.这些花岗岩为经历了斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等分离结晶作用而形成的高度演化花岗岩,相对于维氏世界花岗岩平均值,富集Bi、Cs、Li、Sn、Be、Pb、B、W、Ta等稀有金属成矿元素,略贫Nb元素.同时,围岩也相对富集稀有金属元素.全岩地球化学分析表明,引起拿日雍措穹隆淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属成矿元素的因素是分离结晶作用和热液交代作用.高度演化淡色花岗岩在喜马拉雅造山带广泛分布,铌铁矿、钽铁矿、锡石和绿柱石等稀有金属矿物已在多处露头被识别,暗示了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是未来稀有金属矿产勘探的重要靶区.     

基于高斯过程二元分类模型的溶洞规模预测方法

溶洞规模与其影响因素之间存在着复杂的非线性关系，如何根据影响因素有效预测溶洞规模是一类复杂的模式识别问题。基于高斯过程二元分类模型，提出一种溶洞规模的预测方法，该方法通过对样本的学习，建立溶洞规模与其影响因素之间复杂的非线性映射关系，对仅提供影响因素的预测样本进行具有概率意义的识别输出。研究结果表明，该方法除具有小样本、模型参数自适应确定、识别精度高等优点之外，还能够对预测结果给予概率意义的可信度，为实际工程有效预测溶洞规模提供了定量的依据，具有良好的应用前景。      

Subduction and collision processes between the North China and South China blocks constrained by the geochronology and geochemistry of the Wuguan Complex in the Qinling orogen,China

ABSTRACT

The Qinling orogen is a key area for understanding the processes of subduction and collision between the South China Block (SCB) and North China Block (NCB). The Wuguan Complex, distributed along the southern margin of the Shangdan suture zone, can provide important constraints on the age of collision between NCB and SCB and the tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen in Late Paleozoic. Detrital zircons from meta-sedimentary rocks of the Wuguan Complex in the Danfeng-Shangnan area have an age spectrum with two main peaks at ~448 Ma and ~819 Ma, and two subordinate peaks at ~938 and ~1440 Ma, respectively, and are interpreted to have been derived from the North Qinling terrane (NQT). The petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the meta-sedimentary rocks indicate that they were deposited in a fore-arc basin along the southern margin of the NQT. The youngest detrital zircons yield a weighted mean age of 378 ± 3 Ma, indicating that the fore-arc deposition was continuing at least to this time, which implies that the Paleo-Qinling Ocean between the NCB and SCB was not finally closed until at least the late Devonian. In combination with regional data, we propose that sedimentary rocks of the Wuguan Complex might once have been a sequence of late Ordovician to late Devonian strata with intercalated mafic rocks, which has been dismembered by the later tectonic activity. It was metamorphosed during northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean at ca. 320 Ma, and slowly cooled through ca. 350°C at ca. 247 Ma (muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age). It has recorded the detailed processes of subduction and collision between the NCB and SCB.     

Natural gas sources, migration and accumulation in the shallow water area of the Panyu lower uplift: An insight into the deep water prospects of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea

Although no drilling has been carried out in the deep water area of the Baiyun sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, the successful exploration for natural gas in the shallow water area of the Panyu lower uplift allows an insight into the prospectivity of the adjacent deep water fan system of the Baiyun sag. The Paleogene gas kitchen in the Baiyun sag provided both oil-derived gas and coal-derived gas. Fluid inclusion measurements and 2D numeric modelling of formation pressure indicate four episodes of hydrocarbon charge since the third release of the overpressure system. Seismic wipeout zones manifest several types of gas chimney which could play a role in vertical migration conduits to feed the natural gases into the deep water fan system. There would be, therefore, a low risk for hydrocarbon exploration in the deep water fan system.     

庐山变质核杂岩基底拆离带的变质作用P-T条件及其活动时代

庐山变质核杂岩发育的拆离带分为东、西两条,伸展拆离和韧性流变构造发育,且具有伸展对称性。西侧拆离带内断层岩序列完整,上部为一固态流变构造带,以主拆离带为分界形成一个伸展构造变形的垂向分层变形域,主拆离带处变形最强。东侧拆离带主要发育糜棱岩带和构造片岩(片麻岩)带,其他构造层未见出露,其伸展拆离构造是叠加和改造早期左行剪切构造发育的。东侧拆离带内矿物的显微变形特征估算变形温度为500~580℃和580~700℃,又利用黑云母Ti温度计得到613~698℃的变质温度。角闪石-斜长石地质温度计和角闪石全铝压力计计算西侧拆离带内斜长角闪片岩的变质温度为666~691℃,压力为0.65~0.75GPa,说明西侧拆离带形成时的温压条件较高,埋深较大,与东侧拆离带一样达到了高角闪岩相。通过锆石年代学的研究得到东侧拆离带的伸展年龄为138.9Ma,与西侧拆离带一致,伸展早于岩浆,推测庐山变质核杂岩的原始拆离带是西侧拆离带,东侧拆离带是在重力均衡调节产生的底辟、褶皱作用下形成的次级拆离带。     

柴达木西北缘牛鼻子梁地区地球化学特征及找矿指导

牛鼻子梁地区位于柴达木盆地西北缘,属于典型的高原荒漠景观,开展大比例尺的地球化学测量,能获取更为真实地球化学信息,大大提高了地球化学信息的收集和地质找矿的效果。通过对牛鼻子梁地区的成矿地质特征及重要地球化学异常特征进行分析研究,发现与成矿密切相关的是晚泥盆世基性-超基性岩,断裂构造有一定的控制作用;地球化学异常中Cr、Co、Ni、La、Au等元素异常特征明显,结合内已有的成矿事实,表明寻找与基性-超基性岩体相关的铜镍矿、与韧性剪切带相关的金矿及稀有稀土矿的潜力较大,建议下一步优先对此类异常区进行详细查证和工程勘查。     

岩溶湿地表层水体CO2分压时空分布特征及其扩散通量

为揭示岩溶湿地表层水体二氧化碳分压(pCO₂)的时空分布规律及其扩散通量,以我国最大的岩溶湿地贵州威宁草海为研究对象,分别于2019年7月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)通过网格布点法,系统采集草海表层湿地水体,测定水样理化指标和离子组成,利用PHREEQCI软件计算水体pCO₂,并基于Cole提出的气体扩散模型估算水-气界面二氧化碳(CO₂)的扩散通量.结果表明:草海湿地表层水体丰水期pCO₂的变化范围为0.44~645.65μatm,平均值为(55.94±124.73)μatm;枯水期变化范围为35.48~707.95μatm,平均值为(310.46±173.54)μatm;丰水期水体整体pCO₂低于枯水期,空间上两期水体均呈现东部区域及河流入湖口处pCO₂较高,而中西部区域pCO₂欠饱和的特征.水-气界面CO₂的扩散通量在丰水期变化范围为-43.27~27.16 mmol/(m²·d),平均值(-34.49±12.93)mmol/(m²·d),枯水期变化范围为-33.36~28.15 mmol/(m²·d),平均值(-8.02±15.85)mmol/(m²·d),与其他岩溶湖库相比,水生植物丰富的草海在两个极端水文期CO₂扩散通量相对较低,总体表现为大气CO₂的汇.     

基于农户视角的宅基地空心化影响因素研究

明晰宅基地空心化形成机制是推进空心村治理与实施乡村振兴战略的重要前提。本文建立数理模型并运用分位数回归方法,从理论和实证层面探究宅基地空心化成因的差异性。结果表明：① 调研地区的宅基地空心化率均值为29.14%,山地和丘陵的空心化程度远高于平原,中西部地区显著高于东部地区;② 经济发展水平、地形状况、社会保障制度是宅基地空心化的重要影响因素;耕地资源禀赋、人口等社会因素、制度因素等影响随分位点而异;③ 家庭年总收入、村组区位对宅基地空心化的正向影响随分位点提高而增加,宅基地确权进度、“一户一宅”落实情况的正向影响仅在中低分位点呈上升趋势,对于“举家迁移”的影响并不明显;农户参保行为可显著抑制空心化程度的加剧,地形的负向影响呈“U”型分布。     

养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长、代谢酶活力及其相关基因表达的影响

采用为期40d的饲养试验, 探讨养殖密度(30尾·m^-3、60尾·m^-3和90尾·m^-3)对初始平均体质量为(3.88±0.72)g的银鲳幼鱼生长、肝脏和肾脏中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的酶活力以及相应基因mRNA表达的影响。结果显示: 1) 60尾·m^-3组银鲳幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率分别为(235.19±10.23)%和(4.03±0.10)%, 显著高于30尾·m^-3组(p<0.05), 而与90尾·m^-3组无显著性差异(p>0.05); 2) 90尾·m^-3组银鲳幼鱼的酶活力变化最显著, 30尾·m^-3组的变化幅度最小, 60尾·m^-3组介于两者之间; 3) 肝脏和肾脏中LDH、ALT、AST酶活力均呈先升高后降低的趋势, 其中肝脏中LDH、ALT、AST酶活力高峰分别出现在6h、10d和10d, 是初始值的2倍、4.3倍和2倍, 肾脏中3种酶活力峰值则分别出现在1d、3d和5d, 是初始值的2.1倍、2.2倍和3.1倍; 4) AST、ALT、LDH等3种酶基因mRNA表达量变化规律与各自酶活力变化规律一致。综上所述, 养殖密度60尾·m^-3时可促进银鲳幼鱼生长, 90尾·m^-3高密度养殖会导致银鲳幼鱼额外能量的需求增加, 糖异生相关基因mRNA表达量上调使肝脏、肾脏中AST、ALT、LDH酶活力显著升高, 最终出现生长变慢的情况。