Transtensional tectonism and its effects on the distribution of sandbodies in the Paleogene Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China

The Baiyun Sag, situated at the north continental slope of the South China Sea, is a main sub-unit in the Southern Depression Belt of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. In this Sag, the middle Eocene Wenchang and upper Eocene–lower Oligocene Enping Formations had developed in the evolution stage of continental faulted basin. Seismic stratigraphic sequences and fault structures revealed that the Baiyun Sag was short of long-reaching boundary faults, and that it was a rifted basin greatly influenced by basement faults rather than a typical half-graben. Different from the sags in Northern Depression Belt of the Pearl River Mouth Basin which controlled by large-scale NEE-strike faults, the Baiyun Sag had been controlled by two groups of NWW-strike en echelon fault belts with approximate opposite dips, which developed in the southwest and northeast of this Sag respectively and had played the roles of boundary faults. These en echelon faults, together with narrow synclines, partial flower structures and fluid diapirs, indicated the left-lateral transtensional activities, which had resulted in subsidence center departing to main faults and stretching S-shaped. Moreover, the en echelon faults had constructed many composite transfer zones of relay ramps, and controlled the distribution of sandbodies. The en echelon fault belts are located in accordance with Nw-striking Mesozoic basement faults. Hence the left-lateral transtensional activities were responsible for the Western Pacific Plate subducting and strike slip reactivation of the basement faults. Significantly, NW-striking basement faults had forcefully determined the development of not only the Baiyun Sag but also the Xingning Sag.     

Thermodynamic Modeling of Fluid-Bearing Natural Gas Inclusions for Geothermometer and Geobarometer of Overpressured Environments in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

It is a very difficult problem to directly determine fluid pressure during hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins. pVt modeling of coupling hydrocarbon fluid inclusion of its coeval aqueous fluid inclusion provides a powerful tool for establishing the relationship of formation pressure evolution with time. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion can routinely be measured under microthermometric microscopy. Crushing technique has been employed to obtain the composition of fluid inclusions, and the commercial software VTFLINC easily and rapidly completes the construction of p-t phase diagram. The minimum trapping pressure of hydrocarbon fluid inclusion would be then determined in the p-t space. In this paper, three samples of YC21-1-1 and YC21-1-4 wells at YC21-1 structural closure, Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea, were selected for the pVt modeling practice, and the formation pressure coefficient (equals to fluid pressure/hydrostatic pressure) changing trend with time has primarily been established. The modeling results also indicate that the reservoirs of Lingshui and Yacheng formations in YC21-1 structure are within a very high potential system and would have undergone a discharging of thermal fluids through top seal rupture, which depicts that there is a very high risk for natural gas exploration in this area.     

Seismic spatial effects on dynamic response of long-span bridges in stationary inhomogeneous random fields

The seismic analysis of long-span bridges subjected to multiple ground excitations is an important problem.The conventional response spectrum method neglects the spatial effects of ground motion, and therefore may result in questionable conclusions. The random vibration approach has been regarded as more reliable. Unfortunately, so far,computational difficulties have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. In this paper, an accurate and efficient random vibration approach -- pseudo excitation method (PEM), by which the above difficulties are overcome, is presented. It has been successfully used in the three dimensional seismic analysis of a number of long-span bridges with thousands of degrees of freedom and dozens of supports. The numerical results of a typical bridge show that the seismic spatial effects, particularly the wave passage effect, are sometimes quite important in evaluating the safety of long-span bridges.     

再论长江中下游转换构造结——基于结构、属性、过程与动力学的思考

长江中下游转换构造结现象经典、结构复杂、过程清晰,是中国东部中生代以来有时空联系的多种构造的集中展现。该构造结的主要内涵包括：1） 3大构造类型：大陆造山带（大别造山带）、陆缘剪切带（郯庐断裂带）和陆内热点（下扬子热点）;2） 3大应力方式：华南和华北两大板块近SN向的挤压,太平洋板块作用下东亚陆缘剪切和中国东部伸展背景下的下扬子热点;3） 3大转换机制：特提斯与太平洋两大构造域的构造体制转换,中生代从SW-NE向到近S-N 向再到SE-NW 向的挤压方向转换,区域性的挤压应力作用向伸展应力作用的应力方式转换。可见,长江中下游转换构造结的结构、属性和演化过程完整记录了中生代以来变化有序的构造演化和丰富多样的构造属性,展示了区内复杂连续的动力学系统背景下的深部过程与浅表响应,揭示了全球性特殊的岩石圈动力学过程。     

长江潮区界上界河槽浅层沉积结构探测研究

研究地层沉积结构是认识河流变迁历史的重要手段之一,潮区界作为河流物质和能量传输的关键界面之一,于2015年洪季,利用浅地层剖面仪对长江潮区界上界河段河槽浅地层结构进行了"覆盖式"探测。结果表明:长江潮区界上界河段河槽床面发育了大量沙波,尺度较大,陡坡明显朝向下游;崇文洲下游两侧水道中沙波发育较少,尺度也较小;浅层沉积结构显示该河段部分河槽床面以下存在4处不同形态的地质构造。     

秦岭岩群古生代构造变形分析

秦岭岩群是秦岭造山带中最古老的地体之一,其强烈的构造变形记录了秦岭造山带的形成和演化信息。本文在野外构造调查的基础上、结合显微构造变形分析和锆石U?Pb定年,对秦岭岩群进行了构造变形解析及年代学研究,结果显示秦岭岩群古生代构造变形表现为由东向西的斜向挤出抬升,其构造变形时间为426.7±5.8 Ma~395.7±7.4 Ma。该期构造变形温度为480℃~560℃,对应变质相为高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相,差异应力为20.19~56.54 MPa,应变速率为1.82281×10^-13s^-1~5.62102×10^-13s^-1,付林参数为0.29~0.47,涡度值为0.57~0.75。综合前人研究及本次构造变形分析,认为秦岭岩群在扬子板块与华北板块斜向汇聚背景下经历了由东向西的斜向挤出抬升。     

Space-time distribution of manganese ore deposits along the southern margin of the South China Block,in the context of Palaeo-Tethyan evolution

The evolution of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean played an important role in the Palaeozoic tectono-metallogenesis in Southeast Asia, in which diverse blocks amalgamated due to its closure. Previous researches focused mostly on endogenic metallogenesis related to the evolution of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. However, the tectonic control on the numerous Mn ore deposits in the southwestern South China Block (SCB) developed during Palaeo-Tethys evolution is largely unknown. In this article, we review Palaeo-Tethys evolution and define its four evolutionary stages from initial opening, maturity, incipient subduction, to post-closure. This study further investigated the geology and palaeogeography of Mn ore deposits in Upper Devonian, lower Carboniferous, middle Permian, and Lower-Middle Triassic formations in the southwestern SCB. We show that each of the four Mn metallogenic episodes was a response to each of the four evolutionary stages of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. Wall rocks of orebodies transitioned from chert-mudstone-carbonate in the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian to siltstone-mudstone in Lower-Middle Triassic. The ores of the four episodes of Mn mineralization are composed primarily of rhodochrosite, manganocalcite, and rhodonite. The carbonate C–O isotope and ore trace element composition data suggest that ore-forming fluids were dominated by seafloor water with involvement of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and organic matter as well. Palaeogeography reconstructions indicate the Mn-ore deposits formed along the margins or in the centre of the abyssal basins. Despite the diverse tectonic settings of the four Mn mineralization episodes, it is proposed that the crustal sagging, restricted seafloor environment, and hydrothermal activities that occurred in the southwestern margin of SCB contributed to Mn mineralization.     

Sequence Thickness and its Response to Episodic Tectonic Evolution in Paleogene Qikou Sag,Bohaiwan Basin

The sequence stratigraphy framework of Paleogene of Qikou Sag has been built in this paper. The evolution law of episodic subsidence in Qikou Sag has been expounded, with the analysis of the characteristic of sequence thickness, as well as the study of consedimental tectonic activity, subsidence history, paleogeomorphology and the coupling relationship among them. The faults controlling action was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage I , as the depression was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage III, which embodies a process from intense disparity fault depression to integral subsidence. Meanwhile, under the control of regional faulting and later stage depression, subsidence rate centers and paleogeomorphic concave centers are always corresponding to the sequence thickness centers, and the changes of subsidence centers and paleogeomorphology concave centers are consistent with the migration of thickness centers, which presents the restriction, coupling and response among them and clarifies the law that tectonic activity controls the basin fill by means of controlling the subsidence rate and paleogeomorphology from contributing factor angle. On this basis, the dynamic evolution of the composite pattern of structure-subsidence-deposition in the fault controlling actic region during the three rifting stages and their petroleum geological significance has been discussed.     

Assessment of Groundwater Source of Piedmont Plain Area of China Northwest Arid Region Based On Numerical Modeling

正After the middle of 1960s,along with the appearance and extensive utilization of computer featured in large capacity and rapid speed,numerical method(mainly include finite difference method and finite element     

无人机倾斜摄影测量土方量测算及精度评价

本文以广西兴安某测区为研究区,借助无人机和GNSS RTK分别获取1031张倾斜影像和3361个地面离散点,采用ContextCapture软件构建测区三维模型,利用EPS提取的测区三维模型高程点和GNSS RTK实测离散点分别进行DTM土方量计算。假定实测离散点的计算结果为真值,结果表明,无人机土方量测算结果与真值之差为1 050.9 m³,误差比例为0.9%。无人机倾斜摄影测量技术可快速、低成本、高质量地完成测区土方量测算,为工程项目提供精确的结果和科学的数据支撑。