庐山变质核杂岩东侧的伸展拆离及构造意义

庐山变质核杂岩东侧的星子牛屎墩地区出露与西侧拆离带相似的伸展拆离滑脱、韧性流变的构造现象, 岩层整体呈现上盘向南东滑脱的正断层性质, 推测庐山变质核杂岩东侧的拆离带就在此处, 而并非五里正断层。东侧拆离带内岩石以糜棱岩、糜棱状岩石及混合岩为主, 并发育大量的长英质脉体, 形成温压较高, 埋深较大, 其糜棱岩带、构造片岩带保留完好。运动学涡度分析得到涡度W_k>0.75, 表明该拆离系为以单剪为主的一般剪切带。根据糜棱岩中长石的变形特征估算东侧拆离带的形成温度为650 ℃~700 ℃, 与西侧拆离带近于一致。锆石U-Pb年龄测定得到东侧拆离带的伸展年龄为140~135 Ma, 也代表了庐山变质核杂岩的形成时间。     

桐柏山商丹断裂带东延段石榴云母片岩中石榴子石显微构造特征及变质—变形环境分析

韧性剪切带上岩石变质—变形条件的研究是探讨造山带造山过程及造山机制的重要环节.岩石中矿物显微、超微构造特征是造山带形成环境的真实体现,是造山带变形研究的基础.本文通过对商丹断裂带(即商南—丹凤断裂带)东延段桐柏山地区石榴云母片岩中石榴子石的位错特征及动态重结晶型式等显微构造特征,分析研究石榴子石塑性变形方式、变形机制及...     

危岩应力强度因子的计算研究

危岩崩塌是山区主要地质灾害之一,其主控结构面的断裂失稳是导致危岩崩塌的根本原因。运用线弹性断裂力学的理论,引入应力集中系数法,建立了自重作用下的危岩应力强度因子的计算公式,可用于主控结构面与裂缝共线的危岩稳定性计算。同时还推导了基于ABAQUS 的J积分、位移外推法计算危岩应力强度因子的过程。通过实例表明,2种数值计算方法与解析结果十分接近,验证了ABAQUS计算危岩应力强度因子的合理性,最后模拟了危岩裂缝角度以及临空面宽度变化对危岩应力强度因子的影响。利用ABAQUS对危岩进行分析,并绘制应力强度因子在各因素影响下的趋势图,可以推测危岩失稳的临界条件。     

Sequence Thickness and its Response to Episodic Tectonic Evolution in Paleogene Qikou Sag,Bohaiwan Basin

The sequence stratigraphy framework of Paleogene of Qikou Sag has been built in this paper. The evolution law of episodic subsidence in Qikou Sag has been expounded, with the analysis of the characteristic of sequence thickness, as well as the study of consedimental tectonic activity, subsidence history, paleogeomorphology and the coupling relationship among them. The faults controlling action was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage I , as the depression was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage III, which embodies a process from intense disparity fault depression to integral subsidence. Meanwhile, under the control of regional faulting and later stage depression, subsidence rate centers and paleogeomorphic concave centers are always corresponding to the sequence thickness centers, and the changes of subsidence centers and paleogeomorphology concave centers are consistent with the migration of thickness centers, which presents the restriction, coupling and response among them and clarifies the law that tectonic activity controls the basin fill by means of controlling the subsidence rate and paleogeomorphology from contributing factor angle. On this basis, the dynamic evolution of the composite pattern of structure-subsidence-deposition in the fault controlling actic region during the three rifting stages and their petroleum geological significance has been discussed.     

基于区域历史回归法的雷州半岛火箭增雨作业效果检验

利用ERA5再分析资料,区域自动站雨量资料以及双偏振雷达基数据,采用区域历史回归方法,对2020年7月4日雷州半岛火箭人工增雨作业进行物理检验和统计检验。结果表明:作业后作业区域云系云冰含量大幅增加,强回波区面积增大,回波顶高度升高,平均回波强度显著增加。选取1971—2000年作业影响区和对比区逐年7月的平均日降水量资料作为历史样本建立回归公式,结合作业当天区域自动站的雨量资料,计算得出日降水量和作业后3 h累积降水量的绝对增雨量分别为11.07 mm和2.32 mm,相对增雨率分别为51.08%和38.73%,均通过了置信水平为α=0.05显著性检验。因此,雷州半岛开展人工增雨作业对缓解气象干旱,满足水库蓄水等有重要意义。     

广东惠东地区离子吸附型稀土矿床地球化学特征

惠东地区位于广东东南部,燕山期花岗岩较为发育,在温润潮湿的气候条件下,花岗岩在地表易发生风化作用,稀土元素以离子形式淋滤至风化壳下部并吸附在矿物粘土表面,当稀土到具有开采价值的品位时,便形成离子吸附型稀土矿床。前人对该矿床形成岩体地质和地球化学特征等方面进行广泛的讨论（岳书仓等,1989;陈炳辉等,1995）,相对于成矿岩体,该区风化壳地球化学特征研究较显薄弱。本文在分析风化壳中元素地球化学特征的基础上,探讨稀土元素富集与CIA（Chemical Index of Alteration）及WIG（Weathering Index of Granite）值之间的关系,同时通过分析稀土元素质量迁移系数,讨论轻重稀土元素迁出程度与深度之间相关性,旨在阐明风化壳剖面中稀土元素迁出迁入规律和分布位置,为进一步研究该类型矿床稀土富集特征提供一定依据。     

Assessment of vertical TEC mapping functions for space-based GNSS observations

The mapping function is commonly used to convert slant to vertical total electron content (TEC) based on the assumption that the ionospheric electrons concentrate in a layer. The height of the layer is called ionospheric effective height (IEH) or shell height. The mapping function and IEH are generally well understood for ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations, but they are rarely studied for the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-based TEC conversion. This study is to examine the applicability of three mapping functions for LEO-based GNSS observations. Two IEH calculating methods, namely the centroid method based on the definition of the centroid and the integral method based on one half of the total integral, are discussed. It is found that the IEHs increase linearly with the orbit altitudes ranging from 400 to 1400 km. Model simulations are used to compare the vertical TEC converted by these mapping functions and the vertical TEC directly calculated by the model. Our results illustrate that the F&K (Foelsche and Kirchengast) geometric mapping function together with the IEH from the centroid method is more suitable for the LEO-based TEC conversion, though the thin layer model along with the IEH of the integral method is more appropriate for the ground-based vertical TEC retrieval.     

藏南冈底斯南缘程巴岩体高Sr/Y花岗闪长岩和包体形成机制及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

程巴岩体位于藏南冈底斯岩基东段南缘,由花岗闪长岩、细粒闪长质包体等组成。测得的锆石U-Pb年龄可以代表岩石的形成年龄,即花岗闪长岩形成年龄为29.40±0.18Ma与29.42±0.25Ma,细粒闪长质捕虏体形成年龄为30.02±0.15Ma。花岗闪长岩具有较高的Si O2(65.2%~66.2%)、K2O(3.2%~4.0%),较低的铁(TFe O=3.2%~4.0%)和Mg O(约2%),同时具有高Sr(774×10-6~813×10-6)、低Y(9.9×10-6~11.2×10-6)、高Sr/Y值(63.4~82.2)等特征;闪长质包体表现出较低的Si O2(53%~56.1%)和K2O(1.5%~3.2%),较高的铁(TFe O=6.1%~8.1%)、Mg O(4.0%~6.2%)和Na2O/K2O≥2,同时具有负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.432~0.804)。2种岩性都富集LREE及LILE,亏损HREE及HFSE,具有较高且一致的εHf(t)值(+1.1~+6.2)和全岩εNd(t)值(-2.9~-5.9)。以上数据表明,花岗闪长岩与细粒闪长质包体由同一岩浆分离结晶形成,花岗闪长岩经历磷灰石和角闪石的分离结晶,其高Sr/Y值为岩浆分离结晶的结果,并不代表原始岩浆组分。     

Space-time distribution of manganese ore deposits along the southern margin of the South China Block,in the context of Palaeo-Tethyan evolution

The evolution of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean played an important role in the Palaeozoic tectono-metallogenesis in Southeast Asia, in which diverse blocks amalgamated due to its closure. Previous researches focused mostly on endogenic metallogenesis related to the evolution of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. However, the tectonic control on the numerous Mn ore deposits in the southwestern South China Block (SCB) developed during Palaeo-Tethys evolution is largely unknown. In this article, we review Palaeo-Tethys evolution and define its four evolutionary stages from initial opening, maturity, incipient subduction, to post-closure. This study further investigated the geology and palaeogeography of Mn ore deposits in Upper Devonian, lower Carboniferous, middle Permian, and Lower-Middle Triassic formations in the southwestern SCB. We show that each of the four Mn metallogenic episodes was a response to each of the four evolutionary stages of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. Wall rocks of orebodies transitioned from chert-mudstone-carbonate in the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian to siltstone-mudstone in Lower-Middle Triassic. The ores of the four episodes of Mn mineralization are composed primarily of rhodochrosite, manganocalcite, and rhodonite. The carbonate C–O isotope and ore trace element composition data suggest that ore-forming fluids were dominated by seafloor water with involvement of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and organic matter as well. Palaeogeography reconstructions indicate the Mn-ore deposits formed along the margins or in the centre of the abyssal basins. Despite the diverse tectonic settings of the four Mn mineralization episodes, it is proposed that the crustal sagging, restricted seafloor environment, and hydrothermal activities that occurred in the southwestern margin of SCB contributed to Mn mineralization.     

秦岭岩群古生代构造变形分析

秦岭岩群是秦岭造山带中最古老的地体之一,其强烈的构造变形记录了秦岭造山带的形成和演化信息。本文在野外构造调查的基础上、结合显微构造变形分析和锆石U?Pb定年,对秦岭岩群进行了构造变形解析及年代学研究,结果显示秦岭岩群古生代构造变形表现为由东向西的斜向挤出抬升,其构造变形时间为426.7±5.8 Ma~395.7±7.4 Ma。该期构造变形温度为480℃~560℃,对应变质相为高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相,差异应力为20.19~56.54 MPa,应变速率为1.82281×10^-13s^-1~5.62102×10^-13s^-1,付林参数为0.29~0.47,涡度值为0.57~0.75。综合前人研究及本次构造变形分析,认为秦岭岩群在扬子板块与华北板块斜向汇聚背景下经历了由东向西的斜向挤出抬升。