辽宁省典型地区大气颗粒物重金属元素分布特征及对土地质量影响研究

大气颗粒物是大气质量评价中的一个通用的重要指标,近年来,对于大气颗粒物污染这一热点问题开展了大量的研究。文中选取辽宁省沈阳市、锦州市和葫芦岛市等典型地区研究大气颗粒物(TSP、PM10、PM2.5)中Cd等重金属元素的分布特征。结果表明,辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物中Pb和Zn的含量最高,其次是Cu、Mn、As、Cr、Cd。燃煤、燃油和工业污染源等方面可能是造成这些元素含量较高的主要原因。此外,文中还对大气颗粒物对土地质量的影响研究进行一些有益尝试。研究表明,大气颗粒物中重金属元素含量对土地质量的影响是显而易见的。政府管理部门应该重视对大气颗粒物中重金属元素含量的监控,努力减少其对土地质量的影响。     

陕北三叠纪煤田中—特高油产率煤分布规律及成因机理

以子长矿区内分布的300余组钻孔数据为基础,研究了陕北三叠纪煤田煤炭资源的物理化学性质,按照《煤中焦油含量分级》(MT/T1179—2019),划分了中油产率煤(7.0%<ω(Tar_d)<12.0%)和高油产率煤(12.0%<ω(Tar_d)<15.0%)的分布范围,预测了中—特高油产率煤的资源量。研究了矿区主采煤层3号煤层和5号煤层的煤质、沉积环境、变质程度等,认为矿区内中—特高油产率煤具一低两高的特征：镜质体反射率高(0.61%～0.83%)、变质程度低、挥发分高(35.78%～45.64%),认为成煤环境及变质程度是影响煤层富油的关键因素,研究区内5号煤层的焦油产率略高于3号煤层。     

Revisiting Asian monsoon formation and change associated with Tibetan Plateau forcing: I. Formation

Numerical experiments with different idealized land and mountain distributions are carried out to study the formation of the Asian monsoon and related coupling processes. Results demonstrate that when there is only extratropical continent located between 0 and 120°E and between 20/30°N and the North Pole, a rather weak monsoon rainband appears along the southern border of the continent, coexisting with an intense intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The continuous ITCZ surrounds the whole globe, prohibits the development of near-surface cross-equatorial flow, and collects water vapor from tropical oceans, resulting in very weak monsoon rainfall. When tropical lands are integrated, the ITCZ over the longitude domain where the extratropical continent exists disappears as a consequence of the development of a strong surface cross-equatorial flow from the winter hemisphere to the summer hemisphere. In addition, an intense interaction between the two hemispheres develops, tropical water vapor is transported to the subtropics by the enhanced poleward flow, and a prototype of the Asian monsoon appears. The Tibetan Plateau acts to enhance the coupling between the lower and upper tropospheric circulations and between the subtropical and tropical monsoon circulations, resulting in an intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon and a weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon. Linking the Iranian Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau substantially reduces the precipitation over Africa and increases the precipitation over the Arabian Sea and the northern Indian subcontinent, effectively contributing to the development of the South Asian summer monsoon.     

Assimilation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">HY-2A</Emphasis> scatterometer ambiguous winds based on feature thinning

This paper focuses on the data assimilation methods for sea surface winds, based on the level-2B HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer wind products. We propose a new feature thinning method, which is herein used to screen scatterometer winds while maintaining the key structure of the wind field in the process of data thinning for highresolution satellite observations. We also accomplish feeding the ambiguous wind solutions directly into the data assimilation system, thus making better use of the retrieved information while simplifying the assimilation process of the scatterometer products. A numerical simulation experiment involving Typhoon Danas shows that our method gives better results than the traditional approach. This method may be a valuable alternative for operational satellite data assimilation.     

有利于火箭人工增雨作业的天气条件分析

对有利于火箭人工增雨的天气条件进行了分析,给出了石家庄容易出现对流天气的天气形势特征及关键指标,通过编程实现关键指标的客观判断,达到提醒预报员灾害天气发生的可能。常规资料和每小时一次的自动站资料可以较高时效来判断对流天气的威胁区,尤其通过自动站资料计算得到的假相当位温高值区配合风场辐合带可以更高精度预测强降水落区;每小时一次的卫星云图和亮温资料可以跟踪云系、云团的演变,判断云系的发生、发展、维持情况,文中给出了判断云系发展、维持、移向和移速的云系特征,为提前寻找适合于增雨作业的时间和部位打下基础,为山区火箭增雨作业争取了时间。     

卫星资料在登陆热带气旋降水研究中的应用

本文全面、系统地归纳总结了国内外利用卫星资料对登陆热带气旋降水的研究工作,指出利用卫星资料对登陆热带气旋降水估计及预报研究所存在的不足,并对未来研究进行了展望。     

山西省2007年夏季生态质量特征及其原因分析

2007年夏季（2007年6月～2007年8月）,山西省生态综合指数比2006年同期略高,生物多样性一般,生态质量属一般水平。从各种指数来看,湿润指数、植被覆盖指数和水体密度指数都较2006年同期有所增加。从各生态因子对综合生态指数的贡献来看,水体密度指数过小,植被覆盖指数较小以及2007年夏季灾情较重是影响山西综合生态指数提高的主要原因。     

Roadside, Urban, and Rural comparison of size distribution characteristics of PAHs and carbonaceous components of Beijing, China

Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected with a low-pressure impactor (LPI) at urban, roadside and rural sites in winter in Beijing. The size distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were measured and this study focused on their size distributions and relationships of PAH to OC/EC. All PAHs show uni-modal at the accumulation mode (0.1–1.8 μm) and almost all PAHs are associated with fine particles. The absence of PAHs in the nucleus mode contributes to the coagulation under the condition of high concentration of the accumulation mode particles. The absence of PAHs in the coarse mode was probably attributed to the low temperature that restrained the redistribution of PAHs from the accumulation mode to the coarse mode. Flu(fluoranthene) and Pyr(pyrene, 4-ring) were the most abundant particulate PAHs ; however, IcdP(indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) and BghiP(benzo[ghi]perylene, 6-ring) were rather low. Diagnostic ratios show vehicle and coal burning were the major sources of PAHs in winter. Ratios at rural site are obviously different from those found at roadside and urban sites. Lower value of OC/EC in the rural area than that in the urban area was probably resulted from coal burning prevailed in the rural area. OC1 and OC2 exhibit uni-mode distribution similar to their particle surface area distribution indicating their existence on particles by adsorption. OC3 and OC4 show bi-mode distribution. Grinding of biomass debris can be a probable source of OC3 and OC4 in the coarse mode. EC1 is mostly from the pyrolysis of OC; however, both the natural and anthropogenic emissions contribute to EC2. The correlation between size-segregated PAHs and carbonaceous component is also discussed to identify their sources.     

云南主汛期大雨过程的诊断与预报

分析和探讨了１９９６年云南主汛期（６－８月）逐日Ｑ矢量湿锋生函数、Ｑ矢量散度、涡散场能量转函数、水汽通量散度等４个物理量参数与云南大雨过程的关系,并在此基础上建立了未来２４小时大雨预报方程。     

太阳活动异常与降水和地面气温的关系

利用1951~2000年太阳10.7 cm射电流量、全国160站观测到的降水和气温距平资料,分析了太阳活动异常对中国夏季、冬季降水和气温的影响。结果表明:太阳活动强的年份,夏季南方、东北少雨,黄河中上游流域、黄淮地区以及长江中上游则多雨;冬季全国均多雨。北方(尤其是东北和新疆)冬季气温偏高,夏季气温偏低。太阳活动弱的年份,夏季华南及黄河以北多雨,而长江流域及以北到黄河中上游夏季则少雨;冬季全国均少雨,北方冬季气温偏低。进一步讨论了中国东北地区夏季降水与太阳活动的密切关系。