MM5数值预报引入GRAPES三维变分同化技术在上海地区的预报和检验

该文简要介绍GRAPES三维变分同化技术在MM5数值预报中的应用；利用2003年3月至2003年5月华东地区138个台站实况资料与其预报结果，评价了该模式系统对华东地区降水的预报结果，分析了三维变分同化对MM5数值预报结果的可能影响。结果表明，GRAPES三维变分同化方案是比较合理的，同化后模式对华东大部分地区的降水24 h预报比没有使用同化的总体情况要好；同样，同化后模式对华东大部分地区的晴雨预报准确率较高。     

冬春亚洲大气环流与华北中部夏季降水的相关分析

利用1957~2002年的NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa再分析资料以及同期华北地区夏季降水资料,分析了华北中部夏季降水与前期环流的关系。结果表明:夏季华北中部降水的多少与冬季东亚槽强弱、春季巴尔喀什湖到贝加尔湖的蒙古高原地区高度场呈显著相关。20世纪80年代中期以前冬季东亚槽偏强、春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏低;80年代中期之后冬季东亚槽开始转弱、春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏高。这与华北夏季降水的演变趋势相对应。说明冬季东亚槽的减弱以及春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏高是近年来华北夏季降水减少的原因之一。冬季东亚槽强对应夏季西太平洋副高在日本海地区高度呈偏强趋势,有利华北中部夏季降水偏多;春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏高有利于华北夏季出现西高东低形势,华北中部夏季降水易偏少。     

The separation mechanism and application of a tapered diameter separation bed

Research on recycling waste printed circuit boards is at the forefront of preventing environmental pollution and finding ways to recycle resources. A wet process for reclaiming metals from printed circuit boards applying a tapered diameter separation bed is described, and the separation mechanism of the device is proposed. The motion of a particle in the tapered diameter fluid flow field and particle separation within this field were studied. As the material passes through the fluid field, along with the water, differences in particle density, granularity, and shape cause particles to follow at different trajectories. A tapered diameter separation bed was used to process 1?C0.074?mm-sized crushed material from discarded printed circuit boards. The separation efficiency of 91.77?% and the recovery rate of 95.79?% for recovered metal were achieved with a discharge water flow rate of 4.5m³/h, a material feed rate of 300?g/min, and an obliquity of 30°. For ?0.074?mm printed circuit boards, the metal recovery is 93.42?% and the separation efficiency is 77.63?% when the water discharge is 2?m³/h, the obliquity is 35o, and the material feed rate is 450?g/min. The superfine products in a size range of ?0.074?mm can be recovered effectively under suitable operating condition using the tapered diameter separation bed. It indicates that the lower separation limit of the tapered diameter separation bed can be close to zero. The technique will prevent environmental pollution from waste printed circuit boards and allow efficient recovery.     

兰州市大气飘尘的有机地球化学研究--Ⅱ.酮和醇脂类化合物的组成和分布特征

首次对兰州市大气飘尘中酮和醇脂类化合物进行了分析和研究。结果表明,兰州市大气飘尘中正烷基２酮和直链烷基醇的浓度分别为２０～２７０ｎｇｍ－３和５２０～９１０ｎｇｍ－３,并表现为３月份高于７月和８月份,这与兰州市特殊的地形和气候条件有关;其分布特征指示了它们来自人为活动、微生物和现代高等植物,而且它们在这３种来源中所占的比例分别为２．８％～１９．７％、１５．４％～３４．６％和５０．３％～８１．８％。甾醇化合物的浓度很低,它们由现代生物所提供。丰富的Ｃ１８类异戊二烯酮化合物的存在,反映了大气飘尘中有机质在大气氧化过程中已经被改造。     

含氟初始风化水化学组成的模型研究

在我国“三北”地区，浅层地下水中高氟苏打水分布广泛。本文利用和简化了Ｈｅｌｇｅｓｏｎ风化模型，以吉林省乾安地区为例，对含氟初始风化水化学组成作了研究和计算：探讨了二氧化碳滴定作用对风化过程的影响，从而定量确定了高氟水的成因模型。     

论德尔尼黄铁矿型铜钴矿床的成矿规律

区域深断裂带（即昆南深断裂）控制着华力西期超基性岩和印支期花岗岩的分布。由于花岗岩的成矿作用，并在构造及岩性圈闭条件下，形成了德尔尼黄铁矿型铜钴矿床。上石炭统的下部片岩组含矿性较好，是区内矿源层之一，但矿质主要来自花岗岩岩浆热液。该矿区属浅成热液矿床     

常见阴离子配位体对土壤吸附铜的干扰规律研究

土壤对重金属离子的吸附容量明显受阴离子配位体的影响。本文通过试验探讨了Cl~(-),SOi_4~(2-)HCO_3~(-)阴离子在不同的pH值条件下,分别对土壤吸附铜的干扰规律。运用反求吸附参数法评价了不同阴离子对铜吸附量的干扰程度,论证了土壤与地下水之间元素迁移的规律。     

The concentrations, fluxes, enrichments and chronologies of potential harmful elements in sediment cores from Bohai Bay, North China

To reflect the historical changes, the vertical profiles of concentrations, enrichment factors and burial fluxes of potential harmful elements (PHEs: Ga, Ge, Mo, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Bi, W and V) were determined in two sediment cores collected from Bohai Bay. Sediment accumulation rates and chronologies were obtained from ²¹⁰Pb activity-depth profiles. Two sediment accumulation rates in core 2 were observed: a higher rate of 4.78 mm/year before the 1960s and 2.93 mm/year since then. The sediment accumulation rate in core 6 was 2.82 mm/year. The PHE concentrations and burial fluxes exhibited an obvious variation with the depth due to the natural and anthropogenic inputs. Especially, the higher concentrations and burial fluxes of PHEs occurred in the 1960s and 1980s, matching the large runoff and industrial development. Enrichment factors (EFs) of PHEs were computed in order to evaluate their potential sources. Results showed that the EFs of Sb, Te and Bi were higher than 1.5, revealing the anthropogenic inputs; however, the EFs of other PHEs were lower than 1.0, indicating the natural inputs. Moreover, the high EFs of Sb, Te and Bi appeared in the surface or subsurface layers, indicating that the extent of anthropogenic contamination enhanced in recent years. Sequential extraction technique was used to study the ecological risks of PHEs. Results revealed that the ecological risks of Mo, Te and Bi in both cores and Sb and W in core 2 were medium due to their high availability in the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions.