Automatic grid azimuth by hour angle of the sun,a star or a planet using an electronic theodolite Kern E2

The paper deals with the automatic grid azimuth determination of an object on the earth using the electronic theodolite Kern E2 by observing the sun, a star, or a planet. The observation time and the readings of horizontal and vertical circles of the electronic theodolite enter automatically the electronic calculator Hewlett-Packard HP41CX. The calculator computes the grid azimuth of the terrestrial object and directs the observer what to do. Therefore, even a personnel without specific high education can make observations. For the solar observations it is not necessary to have an astronomical almanac, because the program computes the solar coordinates. The general input data, together with the measured ones, can be stored on a magnetic cassette and later on, if necessary, one can correct the general data and recalculate the azimuth. The method proved to be very practical in the field work.     

An analysis of close binaries (CB) based on photometric measurements (VIII)

The author considers current problems in the determination of the orbital and physical parameters for active close binaries (CB) of W Ser type based on the interpretation of photometric observations (Djuraevi, 1991). In this particular case, one analyses the light curves of CB SX Cas in the framework of the accretion-disc model explained in the second paper of this series (Djuraevi, 1992a). The light curve is analysed by applying the inverse-problem method described in the third paper of the series (Djuraevi, 1992b). On the basis of the observational material in theB andV filters (Shao, 1967), the light curves, the fundamental orbital and physical parameters of the system are estimated. In the paper a graphical illustration of the obtained solutions is also given. The obtained results confirm the general picture about the active processes in CB of W Ser type.     

Bioremediation perspective of historically contaminated sediment with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The purpose of the current study is to compare the influence of different aerobic conditions(biostimulation(BS),bioaugmentation(BA),and a combination of biostimulation and bioaugmentation(BB))on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)degradation and compare the degraded amount with single step XAD-4 extraction as a new tool for bioavailability assessment for chronically contaminated sediment samples obtained from territory of Autonomous Province Vojvodina of Serbia(S1,S2,and S3).A great number of papers dealing with biodegradation of PAHs in spiked sediment or soil have been published,but to the authors’knowledge,a limited number of papers studied aged,historically polluted sediment and a sum of chosen U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)PAHs.A significant reduction(up to67%)in PAH concentration was observed,while the percentage of reduction varied depending on the sediment sample and treatment used.BS treatment successfully stimulated growth of indigenous bacteria.Further,PAH-degrading strain Sphingomonas paucimobilis F8 inoculated in BA and BB treatment survived for up to 7 weeks after it was suppressed by unfavorable conditions or native microbes.Degraded amounts generally showed good correlation with results obtained from XAD-4 extraction.Results obtained in the current study represent a good start for standardizing a XAD-4 extraction technique as a simplified,easier,and lower cost method for bioavailability assessment.     

Impact of an inter‐basin water transfer and reservoir operation on a karst open streamflow hydrological regime: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)

This paper describes the hydrological changes caused by inter‐basin water transfer and the reservoir development on the hydrological regimes of two rivers. The Sabljaki Reservoir in the Zagorska Mre?nica River and the Bukovik Reservoir in the upper Dobra River began operation in 1959. Both are part of the hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) Gojak, whose installed capacity is 50 m³/s. Their water volumes at the spillway altitudes of 320·10 and 320·15 m a. s. l. are 3·3 × 10⁶ and 0·24 × 10⁶ m³ respectively. Both the Dobra and Mre?nica Rivers are losing, sinking and underground karst rivers. A 9376‐m‐long tunnel provides water from the Sabljaki Reservoir to the HEPP Gojak, which was constructed in the Lower Dobra River. The Sabljaki Reservoir is located in the Pla?ki karst polje, while the Bukovik Reservoir is located in the neighbouring Ogulin karst polje. The consequences of the inter‐basin water transfer are strong and have caused abrupt changes in the hydrological regimes of the downstream sections of both rivers. At the same time, the construction and development of both the reservoirs have also caused hydrological changes to the upstream section of the Upper Dobra River. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陕西金堆城花岗岩类主要造岩矿物特征及其岩石学意义

本文依据大量测试数据,对金堆城地区花岗岩类主要造岩矿物学特征同钼迁移富集成矿关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明:异常晶胞条纹长石和正长石以及富重稀土和具明显负铕异常的黑云母是含钼花岗岩类标型矿物,并且可作为花岗岩类岩石发育地区寻找隐伏钼矿体的指示性矿物。钾钠长石和斜长石的结构状态和成分不仅可以提供有关花岗岩类成因演化的信息,其矿物本身亦可成为钼的载体矿物。岩浆期后,强烈的热液蚀变作用可造成钾钠长石和斜长石分解,并且引起钼的释放,从而形成高品位钼矿石。     

内蒙古哈达庙含金侵入杂岩体稀土元素地球化学研究

本文利用哈达庙含金侵入杂岩体各主要岩石类型REE分析数据,结合野外地质产状和地球化学特征,论证了杂岩体REE贫化、富集规律与成岩岩浆结晶演化的关系.在此基础上,提出了成岩过程早期以矿物结晶分异作用为主,而晚期阶段受热重扩散效应制约的成岩模式,二种分异作用的交替进行为金矿床的形成提供了物质基础.同非金斑岩体热液蚀变岩相比,含金斑岩体的热液蚀变岩以LREE丰度明显增高为特征,其独特的分布型式和组成特点可作为该区斑岩体含金性评价的地球化学标志之一.     

内蒙古白银都西群变质火山岩的钕、锶同位素研究

白银都西群主要由斜长角闪岩、变粒岩、长英片岩和条带状混合岩组成,是白银都西-白乃庙地体的重要组成部分,主要分布在内蒙古白乃庙铜(金)矿床东北白银都西一带。长期以来,由于缺乏可信的同位素年龄数据,该套岩层的归属,构造性质和形成机理尚不清楚。笔者首次对白银都西群斜长角闪岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成进行了测定,所获Sm-Nd同位素等时年龄为1394±46Ma(23),Nd初始比值为0.511 243±8(23)和εNd(T)=+7.9±2.1(23)。~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr和~(87)Rb/~(86)Sr比值分别为0.705 79—0.709 12和0.17—0.34,两者之间不存在任何相关关系。结合野外地质证据和岩相学特征,我们认为:白银都西群基性火山活动发生在中元古代,成岩物质来自亏损地幔源,成岩以后构造变动和变质热液活动致使Rb-Sr同位素体系受到严重干扰破坏。     

The photoelectron spectra of some Tl-Sb sulphosalts

The results of X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments on several phases of the ternary system Tl-Sb-S are reported. The binding energies of the inner S, Sb and Tl electrons increase with increasing quantities of Sb and decreasing amounts of Tl in these compounds. This is explained by the influences of the proportions of the bonded metals on the effective electron affinity of S. The higher proportions of the more electronegative element bonded to S cause the increase of its effective electron affinity. The results for Tl₂S (carlinite), Tl₃SbS₃, TlSbS₂ (weissbergite), TlAsS₂ (lorandite) and Sb₂S₃ (antimonite) can be interpreted in this way. The results for Tl₄S₃ suggest a predominantly covalent character of bonding for both Tl(III) and Tl(I), which are present in this sulfide. From comparison with Tl₃SbS₄ it could be supposed that Tl(III)-S bond has a more covalent character than Sb(V)-S bond. The results for Tl₃SbS₄ are in agreement with crystal structure data and the results of Moessbauer spectroscopy. For AsS (realgar) the binding energies of the inner electrons of As and S significantly increase, showing that the electrons in molecular orbitals are less strongly bonded to individual atoms, as compared to pure elements. The results for the amorphous TlSb₅S₈ (corresponding in composition to parapierrotite) suggest that in amorphous compound the Tl-S bonding is stronger and the coordination of Tl more regular than in a crystalline one.     

地壳的Q结构与观测结果的解释

本文分析了地壳Q结构对于实测Q值结果的影响。对已发表的大部分实测数据进行分析,结果表明地震波射线路径与Q值显著相关。因此,在对实测的Q值空间分布状况进行解释的时候,不仅要考虑地震波频率的影响,还应对射线路径—距离效应进行分析和校正。本文还按照现有中国大陆地壳速度模型计算了地震射线在水平层状介质中的传播路径及震中距与射线最低点深度的函数关系,给出了华北及西南部分地区地壳Q结构。     

The extreme value distribution of 5-min rainfall data at Belgrade

Summary For practical applications both the parent distribution of rainfall intensities and the distribution of their annual maxima are of interest. The relationship between these two distributions cannot be obtained from classical extreme value theory because of seasonal variation and serial correlation in the data. Mathematical results for the distribution of maxima in m-dependent sequences are presented to illustrate the effect of local dependence on the extreme value distribution. The average number of exceedances in a cluster is an important parameter in the relationship between the parent and the extreme value distribution. For 5-min rainfall data from Belgrade, quantiles of the annual maxima are overestimated by about 10 mm h^–1 if the effect of serial correlation is ignored. This bias can easily be removed by taking the local clustering of large rainfall intensities in a rainy spell into account.With 4 Figures