浅议基于遥感影像生成DEM的质量检查

摘要：数字高程模型（DEM）是基础测绘的重要成果之一。DEM数据成果应用广泛,其质量直接影响应用分析结果的可靠性及应用目标的真正实现。结合生产实践,探讨采用数字摄影测量方法对利用遥感影像制作的DEM进行质量检查的方法。     

吉林珲春农坪金铜矿床流体包裹体特征与矿床成因

为确定农坪金铜矿床的成矿流体特征及矿床形成机制,采集细脉浸染状金铜矿石中的石英--硫化物细脉,对石英颗粒中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明:脉石英中主要发育Ⅰ型气液两相、Ⅱ型含CO2三相、Ⅲ型含子矿物多相、Ⅳ型纯气相和Ⅴ型纯液相等5种类型的原生流体包裹体。不同类型包裹体的均一温度变化范围为237.8℃~399.4℃,主要集中于310℃~370℃,盐度w(NaCl)变化范围于1.39%~12.3%和33.32%~42.03%两个区间。代表性包裹体的激光拉曼光谱分析结果显示,成矿流体主要气相成分为H2O、CO2,并含有少量的CH4。综合研究后认为,农坪矿床成矿流体曾发生过沸腾作用,以至流体中的H2O、CO2等挥发组分大量逸出,引起金、铜等有用组分的沉淀富集。农坪金铜矿床与小西南岔金铜矿床在成矿条件及矿化特征等方面具有相似性,二者同为斑岩型金铜矿床,均属燕山晚期构造岩浆作用的产物。     

塔里木盆地西南缘表土碳同位素组成特征分析

土壤碳同位素可以反映生长植被的同位素组成,从而进一步反映当时的植被类型以及气候环境状况。已有的研究显示,不同地区碳同位素与气候因子的关系存在显著差异,因此在不同区域开展土壤碳同位素与气候因子之间相关性关系分析对古气候的重建至关重要。通过采集塔里木盆地西缘帕米尔地区和盆地南缘和田地区策勒县的表土沉积物,分析测定后获得其有机碳同位素,并将该表土有机碳同位素数据与气候因子进行相关性分析,以探明研究区有机碳同位素组成特征及其潜在的气候意义。结果表明：帕米尔地区和策勒地区的表土碳同位素变化对气候因子的响应存在明显差异。气温方面,帕米尔地区与气温呈正相关,其中与冷季气温相关性最好（r=0.598,P<0.01）;策勒地区与气温呈负相关,其中与暖季气温相关性最好（r=-0.684,P<0.01）。降水方面,帕米尔地区与降水量的相关性不显著;策勒地区与年均降水量呈弱负相关,与暖季降水量呈弱正相关,与冷季降水量呈显著的负相关关系（r=-0.632,P<0.01）。上述分析表明基于沉积物有机碳同位素来重建古气候时应充分考虑区域差异的影响。     

MJO不同活动中心位置对云南冬半年降水过程的影响

通过对热带对流季节内振荡（MJO）的研究和业务实践应用表明,利用对MJO传播过程来研究延伸期（10~30 d）天气已经成为一种新的、可行的手段。然而,在明确了MJO的活动位置条件下如何依据大气环流条件来把握云南冬季降水过程的延伸期预测,是预报实践中需要解决的重要问题。本文考虑云南冬半年在有北方冷空气南下入侵云南前提下, MJO活动位置（分为“干窗口”和“湿窗口”两种情况）及有无合适的水汽引导环流条件（分为“孟加拉湾一带90°E附近有南支槽系统”和“孟加拉湾至中南半岛西侧一带为反气旋环流”两种情况）主要有4种不同的配置类型,选取MJO影响下前3种不同配置类型的天气过程进行对比分析,期望能为云南冬半年延伸期天气预测过程中较好地把握过程降水及降水强度提供理论依据。分析表明： MJO活动中心进入孟加拉湾及西太平洋热带地区（本文称之为MJO“湿窗口”）以后将会充分激发这些地区的对流活动,MJO活动中心在孟加拉湾及西太平洋热带以外地区（本文称之为MJO“干窗口”）时不能充分激发云南上游热带地区的对流活动。在有北方南下冷空气影响云南的背景情况下,MJO在“湿窗口”时,要使云南出现大范围的降水天气过程必须还要有合适的环流条件（90°E附近南支槽前或西太平洋副热带高压西侧的偏南气流）引导热带地区的水汽进入云南;MJO在“干窗口”时,即便有合适的水汽输送与扰动环流条件,仍然不能造成云南大范围的降水天气过程。由于MJO在激发水汽方面的贡献非常明显,利用MJO的东传规律可以有效地进行云南冬半年降水的延伸期天气预测,并对中短期天气预报业务起到很好的指导作用。     

南极乔治王岛六种苔藓植物的X荧光分析

在无标样条件下 ,我们利用微束 X荧光分析法对南极乔治王岛的 6种苔藓植物的叶和茎进行重元素分析。它们是 :Andreaea regularis,Bryum muehlenbeckii,Drepanocladus uncinatus,Brachythecium subpilosum,Tortula saxiola,Ditrichum austro- georgicum。研究结果发现 ,不同苔藓植物对各种不同重元素的吸收能力不同 ,即使是同一种植物 ,叶和茎中的重元素成分也有差异。在 6种苔藓中 ,Andreaea regularis体内的重元素种类最少 ,但其对 Fe有较强的吸收。由于南极环境条件优越 ,在苔藓植物体内 ,尚未发现大量有毒重金属元素的存在     

Parametric uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic processes for a large shallow freshwater lake

Abstract

A parametric uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic processes was conducted for a large shallow freshwater lake, Lake Taihu, China. Ten commonly used parameters in five groups were considered including: air–water interface factor, water–sediment interface factor, surrounding terrain factor, turbulent diffusion parameters and turbulent intensity parameters. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) was used for sampling the parametric combinations, which gave predictive uncertainty results directly without using surrogate models, and the impacts of different parametric distribution functions on the results were investigated. The results showed that the different parametric distribution functions (e.g. uniform, normal, lognormal and triangular) for sampling had very little impact on the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the lake hydrodynamic model. The air–water interface factor (wind drag coefficient) and surrounding terrain factor (wind shelter coefficient) had the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of lake hydrodynamic processes, especially in semi-closed bays and lake regions with complex topography, accounting for about 60–70% and 20%, respectively, of the uncertainty on the results. Vertically, velocity in the surface layer was also largely influenced by the two factors, followed by velocity in the bottom layer; the middle velocity had minimal impact. Likewise, the water–sediment interface factor (i.e. bottom roughness height) ranked third, contributing about 10% to the uncertainty of the hydrodynamic processes of the lake. In contrast, turbulent diffusion parameters and turbulent intensity parameters in the lake hydrodynamic model had little effect on the uncertainty of simulated results (less than 1% contribution). The findings were sufficiently significant to reduce the parameter uncertainties and calibration workload of the hydrodynamic model in large shallow lakes.

Editor Z. W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor S. Grimaldi     

内蒙古二连浩特北部阿仁绍布地区晚石炭世花岗岩Sr-Yb分类及其成因

对分布在内蒙古二连浩特北部阿仁绍布地区的晚石炭世花岗岩类,依据Sr、Yb含量,划分为低Sr高Yb型、极低Sr高Yb型和低Sr低Yb型花岗岩3种类型。低Sr高Yb型花岗岩类相对低Si、富Al,Na2O〉K2O,稀土元素分馏中等,有或无负Eu异常,Sr含量低,平均为183×10-6,Ba含量较高,平均585×10-6,Y含量高,平均30.06×10-6,Rb/Sr比值较低,平均0.97;极低Sr高Yb型花岗岩富Si、REE,低Al、Sr、Ba,高的Rb/Sr比值（平均为7.47）,具明显的负Eu异常等;低Sr低Yb型花岗岩富Si,贫Al、Ca、Mg,重稀土元素（Y、Yb）含量低,Y含量在（7.26～10.6）×10-6之间,平均9.76×10-6,Yb含量在（1.04～1.89）×10-6之间,平均1.44×10-6,δEu=0.64～0.94,具弱负Eu异常,微量元素Ba含量高,Rb/Sr比值低。3种类型的花岗岩类过铝指数（A/CNK）多小于1.0,说明它们均源自变质火成岩的部分熔融。由于源区的深度不同（pT条件不同）和残留的主要矿物相不同,它们的岩石地球化学特征存在差异。极低Sr高Yb型花岗岩形成深度最浅（中上地壳）,熔融残留相以斜长石为主;低Sr高Yb型花岗岩类形成于中下地壳,熔融残留相为斜长石和辉石;低Sr低Yb型花岗岩形成深度最深,推测可能形成于加厚下地壳（〉40km）底部,熔融残留相为石榴子石、斜长石和角闪石。     

基于熵权TOPSIS法的低渗透砂岩储层流动单元划分

为了使储层流动单元划分结果更具有客观性,应用熵权TOPSIS法,以丘陵油田三间房组储层为例,选取孔隙度、渗透率、粒度中值、饱和度中值压力、退汞效率和含油饱和度6个参数,将研究区储层划分为E、G、M、P 4类流动单元。研究表明,不同类型的流动单元有着不同的微观孔隙结构特征,其孔隙类型、接触方式、喉道类型、连通性和驱油效率都存在着明显差异。熵权TOPSIS法具有较好的综合判别能力,划分的各类储层流动单元特征明显,为储层流动单元的划分及评价提供了一条新的思路。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Metallogenetic Porphyry Bodies from the Nongping Au-Cu Deposit in the Eastern Yanbian Area,NE China: Implications for Metallogenic Environment

The metallogenetic porphyry bodies in the Nongping Au-Cu deposit, in the eastern Yanbian area, mainly include porphyritic granodiorite and biotite granodiorite porphyry. They are featured with high silicon and enrichment in sodium, and classified into sodic rocks of low-K tholeiitic basalt series. Except slightly low Sr content, the rock basically has the geochemical characteristics of the adakite: relatively high A12O3 content, relatively low MgO content, depletion in Y and Yb; relative enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare-earth elements (LREEs), relatively low content of high field strength elements (HFSEs); positive Eu anomaly or weak negative Eu anomaly. In situ zircon dating technology LA-MC-ICP-MS was used to conduct single-grain zircon dating of biotite granodiorite porphyry, and the results show that the age of metallogenetic porphyry body is 100.04±0.88 Ma, indicating that the porphyry bodies were emplaced in the late Cretaceous period. According to the regional tectonic setting and the comparison with the same kind of deposits, we think that the metallogenetic porphyry bodies in the Nongping Au-Cu deposit have a close genetic connection with the subduction of the Pacific plate in the late Yanshanian period. The adakitic magma generated from partial melting of the subducting plate has high formation temperature, high oxygen fugacity, and volatile constituents’ enrichment, so it is helpful for enrichment of metallogenetic elements and plays an important role in the formation of porphyry Au-Cu deposits in this region.     

爆破地震效应及其对附近建筑物影响因素的探讨

根据工作实践,围绕爆破地震效应及其对附近建筑物的影响因素进行了探讨和分析,阐明了爆破地震效应影响附近建筑物的因素,有助于减少爆破危害,对生产过程中的爆破工作具有一定的参考意义。