巽他地块的构造演化与介质特性的动力学意义

基于近年来国内外关于青藏高原及川、滇、缅、印支地区大地构造演化、现今地壳运动观测、地壳与上地幔结构反演等领域取得的大量观测与研究成果,结合对泰、越等国的野外地质考察与认识,以探索建立对该地区现今地壳运动与变形状态起控制作用的构造框架为目的,提出了相对于"活动地块"的"相对稳定地块"的概念。综合分析认为,巽他地块在构造演化、介质特性及现今运动与变形等方面类似于青藏高原周缘的塔里木、阿拉善、扬子等地块,具有"相对稳定地块"的特征,它们共同构成了调节青藏高原物质东向挤出后围绕东喜马拉雅构造结发生顺时针旋转的刚性约束边界。这同时意味着,青藏高原侧向挤出动力作用的势力范围可能覆盖了川、滇、缅及印度支那北部的广大地区,这有助于加深对该地区强震动力学环境的认识。     

永胜6.0级地震的余震S波分裂研究

利用云南永胜 6 0级地震的余震资料对该区S波分裂进行了研究。结果表明 ,快速横波偏振方向有两个优势取向 :N2 0°W和N6 0°W ,前者与区域主压应力方向一致 ,后者则为永胜地震主破裂方向。可以认为 ,永胜地震的S波分裂是应力作用的EDA裂隙与发震破裂隙共同作用的结果。延迟时间在 2～ 2 0ms km范围内变化 ,整个时段的平均值为 7 0ms km。与以前许多学者的研究结果比较 ,本文的结果与之在量级上是比较相符的     

Analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity

A new procedure is presented for the analysis of slug tests performed in partially penetrating wells in formations of high hydraulic conductivity. This approach is a simple, spreadsheet-based implementation of existing models that can be used for analysis of tests from confined or unconfined aquifers. Field examples of tests exhibiting oscillatory and nonoscillatory behavior are used to illustrate the procedure and to compare results with estimates obtained using alternative approaches. The procedure is considerably simpler than recently proposed methods for this hydrogeologic setting. Although the simplifications required by the approach can introduce error into hydraulic-conductivity estimates, this additional error becomes negligible when appropriate measures are taken in the field. These measures are summarized in a set of practical field guidelines for slug tests in highly permeable aquifers.     

Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation

Recharge areas of spring systems can be hard to identify, but they can be critically important for protection of a spring resource. A recharge area for a spring complex in southern Wisconsin was delineated using a variety of complementary techniques. A telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) model was constructed from an existing regional-scale ground water flow model. This TMR model was formally optimized using parameter estimation techniques; the optimized "best fit" to measured heads and fluxes was obtained by using a horizontal hydraulic conductivity 200% larger than the original regional model for the upper bedrock aquifer and 80% smaller for the lower bedrock aquifer. The uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity was formally considered using a stochastic Monte Carlo approach. Two-hundred model runs used uniformly distributed, randomly sampled, horizontal hydraulic conductivity values within the range given by the TMR optimized values and the previously constructed regional model. A probability distribution of particles captured by the spring, or a "probabilistic capture zone," was calculated from the realistic Monte Carlo results (136 runs of 200). In addition to portions of the local surface watershed, the capture zone encompassed areas outside of the watershed--demonstrating that the ground watershed and surface watershed do not coincide. Analysis of water collected from the site identified relatively large contrasts in chemistry, even for springs within 15 m of one another. The differences showed a distinct gradation from Ordovician-carbonate-dominated water in western spring vents to Cambrian-sandstone-influenced water in eastern spring vents. The difference in chemistry was attributed to distinctive bedrock geology as demonstrated by overlaying the capture zone derived from numerical modeling over a bedrock geology map for the area. This finding gives additional confidence to the capture zone calculated by modeling.     

滇西北区断层分数维几何学的研究

本文应用分数维几何学的方法,对滇西北区断裂系进行解析并确立了各断裂系的地位;从该区各典型子区活动断裂与水系的几何学分析和对比,探讨了二者的分布特征及其相关性     

程海断裂尾端侧向迁移与地震的相关性

以永胜、金官盆地和巍山、弥渡、祥云、云南驿等盆地分别作为程海断裂北端和南端结构,不难发现,随着时间的推移,断裂的活动部位不是固定不变的。侧向迁移是端部断裂活动转化的一种形式,断裂的不断更新使程海断裂端部地震活动增强。侧向迁移总是向着区域某一条地震带方向发展。     

A simple correction for slug tests in small-diameter wells

A simple procedure is presented for correcting hydraulic conductivity (K) estimates obtained from slug tests performed in small-diameter installations screened in highly permeable aquifers. Previously reported discrepancies between results from slug tests in small-diameter installations and those from tests in nearby larger-diameter wells are primarily a product of frictional losses within the small-diameter pipe. These frictional losses are readily incorporated into existing models for slug tests in high-K aquifers, which then serve as the basis of a straightforward procedure for correcting previously obtained K estimates. A demonstration of the proposed procedure using data from a series of slug tests performed in a controlled field setting confirms the validity of the approach. The results of this demonstration also reveal the detailed view of spatial variations in K that can be obtained using slug tests in small-diameter installations.