基于FY-4A卫星数据的短时强降水监测预警指标

选取2018—2021年汛期短时强降水天气过程,利用相关性分析、箱线图法和极值统计法,尝试研究FY-4A卫星产品在短时强降水天气过程中的监测预警指标。研究表明：(1)FY-4A卫星多通道数据可以作为短时强降水监测预警的定量化指标予以应用。(2)筛选出相关性较好的13项产品统计出短时强降水的监测预警指标,其中赋值类指标4项,数值判别类指标9项(含辅助指标3项);初步设定13项指标中有9项达标时,短时强降水会发生。(3)在评估基础上完善了指标,监测预警效果有所提高,TS评分提高5.4%,空报率降低2.7%,漏报率降低1.9%。     

煤矿井下自动化钻探技术概况与智能化发展前瞻

针对煤矿井下钻场人员需求大、安全隐患多、一人操作难以同时控制钻机动作并从全局视角知悉钻机运行状态等问题,引入了数字孪生技术,设计开发了钻机远程服务平台。该平台系统以ZDY25000LDK钻机为载体,融合了钻机远程控制系统、数字孪生模型和参数监测系统3方面技术,通过检测与执行层、数据传输层和远程集控层实现钻机远程控制、钻机运行全生命周期映射与参数监测。钻机远程控制系统实现了实时远距离控制钻机,数字孪生模型能够映射钻机各运动部件的运动状态,并能通过仿真实验为钻探施工提供先验参考,参数监测系统实现了对钻机状态参数和钻进参数的实时监测。基于该钻机远程服务平台,进行了平台的功能性和实时性验证。试验结果表明：钻机远程服务平台能够实现钻机远程控制,并从全局视角上映射和监测钻机运行状态和参数,通过数字孪生体仿真,得出钻机上扣过程中动力头回转速度和给进速度的最优比值为4.28,与实际上扣情况相符。平台操作方便、实时性高、可靠性好、人机交互友好,为煤矿井下钻探工作的减人增效和智能化升级提供了解决方案。

     

三角剪切断层传播褶皱在祁连山北缘断裂中的应用:以黑河口断层为例

逆冲断层运动学过程研究可为造山作用和盆地演化提供重要的信息。位于青藏高原东北缘的祁连山北缘逆冲断裂（NFT）是一条主要的边界断裂,控制着祁连山晚新生代以来的隆升变形,但对于该断裂系统的运动学过程缺乏研究。甘肃张掖西南莺落峡附近,黑河口断层（祁连山北缘断裂的一部分）穿过红沙沟并导致其阶地面错断和褶皱变形。为了研究该区域褶皱变形特征和断层运动学过程,我们首先在红沙沟区域进行了详细的野外考察并对变形的地层和阶地面进行了测量,然后通过数值模拟方法来验证褶皱模型。红沙沟保存有9级河流阶地,利用差分GPS对阶地面的高程进行了测量,同时在野外测量了部分地层的产状。多处断层剖面表明该区域变形属于基底卷入的构造类型,另外变形的阶地面在近断层处表现出明显的褶皱形态。结合阶地面变形特征以及地层的变形,三角剪切断层传播褶皱模型被初步用于该区域构造变形的解释。模型模拟得到自T5、T6和T7形成以来断层滑动量分别是 44±7m、59±10m和 164±28m;结合T6年代得到自约9万年以来该断层的平均滑动速率为 0.68±0.19mm/a,垂直分量为 0.58±0.13mm/a。根据地层与阶地变形特征,并结合模型模拟结果,我们认为祁连山山前基底断层卷入的构造中,在断层出露地表之前,断层顶端存在一个分散式的三角形变形区,区域的应力状态控制着下伏地层和上覆地貌面的褶皱变形。     

长石中Pb同位素的LA-MC-ICPMS测定

单矿物的微区原位Pb同位素分析是微区原位分析技术一个重要的研究方向,能够得到矿物晶体间甚至晶体本身不同区域同位素组成的变化信息.本文采用LA-MC-ICPMS对三件标准样品和两件长石样品进行了微区原位测试,标准样品结果在误差范围内与推荐值一致,两件长石样品测试结果在误差范围内与溶液法测试结果一致,测试精度达到1‰以内.     

Member 1 of Yongji Formation (Ey1) sedimentary characteristics and its origin analysis in Yitong Graben

Ey1 has the unique desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection structure as its one of the most important characteristics. It is very important to clarify sedimentary characteristics and its origin for Yitong Graben and its sedimentary facies and tectonic evolution. On the basis of the research of core analyses, well logging data analyses, sedimentary facies analyses and seismic reflection structure analyses, the authors have concluded the sedimentary characteristics of Ey1, and have carried out Ey1 sedimentary environments and its origin. The result shows that Ey1 desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection may be a series of small scale secondary sediment fans superimposition.     

利用岩石质量指标和岩体块度指数进行岩体质量评价研究——以高放废物地质处置库预选场址甘肃北山1号钻孔为例

岩体质量的评价对于各类大型建筑物特别是地下工程建筑物的安全性具有十分重要的作用。文章基于岩石质量指标（RQD）和岩体块度指数（RBI）的理论，通过对甘肃北山1号钻孔的岩心实测资料证明，岩体块度指数在一定程度上能反映岩体的完整性与相应力学性质的变化特点，同时给出钻孔附近岩体质量分类，进而与岩石质量指标所获得的钻孔附近岩体质量评价分级进行对比。对比结果表明：岩体块度指数在岩石质量评价中能更准确地反映其优越性，具有更为显著的工程意义。     

水准网平差中权的设定问题

本文试从理论上和实践上证明,目前广泛采用的水准网平差的取权方法是很不恰当的,加多了工作量,反而降低了平差的质量。本文首先从水准测量的误差机理出发,导出了计算每公里偶然中误差η的严密公式,从而进一步利用一些重复的资料,对每公里系统误差σ的特性进行了分析。由于σ在目前的一般水准测量作业中还是不能确定的,所以研究j在各种不同情况下略去σ定权,对平差质量所产生的影响。用各种取权方式试算的结果说明,按目前习用的方式取权,结果最差。文中提出了较好的取权方法。     

Shortwave cloud radiative forcing on major stratus cloud regions in AMIP-type simulations of CMIP3 and CMIP5 models

Cloud and its radiative effects are major sources of uncertainty that lead to simulation discrepancies in climate models. In this study, shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCF) over major stratus regions is evaluated for Atmospheric Models Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type simulations of models involved in the third and fifth phases of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5). Over stratus regions, large deviations in both climatological mean and seasonal cycle of SWCF are found among the models. An ambient field sorted by dynamic (vertical motion) and thermodynamic (inversion strength or stability) regimes is constructed and used to measure the response of SWCF to large-scale controls. In marine boundary layer regions, despite both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models being able to capture well the center and range of occurrence frequency for the ambient field, most of the models fail to simulate the dependence of SWCF on boundary layer inversion and the insensitivity of SWCF to vertical motion. For eastern China, there are large differences even in the simulated ambient fields. Moreover, almost no model can reproduce intense SWCF in rising motion and high stability regimes. It is also found that models with a finer grid resolution have no evident superiority than their lower resolution versions. The uncertainties relating to SWCF in state-of-the-art models may limit their performance in IPCC experiments.     

Reservoir Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of the Mesozoic Granite Buried Hills in the Deep‐water of the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea

Due to its structure,rock and mineral composition,fluid and other factors,the granite Buried Hill Reservoir is highly heterogeneous with a complex longitudinal structure and a reservoir space made up of a combination of dissolution pores and fractures.This paper is based on current understanding of tectonic evolution in the northern part of the South China Sea,in conjunction with the seismic phase characteristics.It is determined that the meshed fault system was formed by three stages of movement-tectonic compression orogeny during the Indochinese epoch,strike-slip compression-tension during the Yanshanian Period,early fracture extension activation during the Himalayan-which controlled the distribution of the Buried Hill Reservoir.Drilling revealed two types of buried hills,faulted anticline and fault horst,their longitudinal structure and the reservoir space type being significantly different.The mineral composition,reservoir space and diagenetic characteristics of the reservoir rocks and minerals were analyzed by lithogeochemistry,micro section and logging etc.,it thus being determined that the Mesozoic rocks of the Songnan Low Uplift in the Qiongdongnan Basin are mainly composed of syenogranite,granodiorite,monzogranite,which is the material basis for the development of the Buried Hill Reservoir.The content of felsic and other brittle minerals is more than 70%,making it easy for it to be transformed into fractures.At the same time,the weathering resistance of granodiorite and monzogranite is weaker than that of syenogranite,which is easily weathered and destroyed,forming a thick sand gravel weathering zone.With increasing depth of burial,weathering and dissolution gradually weaken,the deep acidic fluid improving the reservoir property of internal fractures and expanding the vertical distribution range of the reservoirs.The research results lay a foundation for the exploration of Buried Hill in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

水平层状岩体边坡动力响应中的结构面效应研究

根据应力波传播原理分析了水平层状岩体边坡中应力波传播特征,建立了应力波在该类边坡中传播的模型.利用离散元软件UDEC分析了不同频率垂向压缩应力波作用下边坡动力响应规律中的结构面效应.结果表明:边坡中的水平层面对坡顶的动力响应有明显影响.低频应力波作用下,水平层状岩体边坡坡顶的垂向峰值速度较均质坡体相同部位的峰值速度的增...