河北唐山地区中寒武统张夏组鲕粒灰岩的岩石学研究

本区张夏组鲕粒灰岩内,广泛见到细径放射鲕和较粗的同心-放射鲕.放射鲕中存在连生体,我们称之“连生鲕”.与赵震等(1984)人工合成的静水鲕对比,区内放射鲕亦系静水条件下生成;因未见长串连生体,仅呈现数鲕(2—4个)连生,表明鲕粒生成后遭到搅动水拆开.由此可以认为,本组鲕粒灰岩属间歇高能成因模式的产物。又按该类岩石显示的成岩特征,可知本区鲕粒灰岩经历过多种成岩环境,至今仍保留较为明显的大气成岩环境的标志.     

海水声速剖面基函数的重构性能分析

海水声速剖面通常使用经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF）进行稀疏表示,然而基函数会受到数据完备性和数据测量时间的制约,其代表性误差会导致声速剖面重构精度受限。为了提高声速剖面的重构精度,本文利用模糊C均值聚类对BOA_Argo历史数据集进行聚类分析,探讨不同聚类空间的训练集数据对实测声速剖面重构精度的影响。研究表明,声速剖面具有明显的时空聚集特性,聚类后的历史声速剖面集生成的基函数和平均声速剖面具有最优的重构性能。本文研究结果有助于为历史声速剖面训练集的选取提供实际指导意义,进而提高声速剖面重构精度乃至反演精度。     

Gold–quartz deposits of the Zhdaninsky ore–placer cluster,eastern Yakutia: Structural control and formation conditions

Gold deposits and occurrences small in reserves and high in Au grade conventionally determine the line of prospecting in terrigenous sequences of the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma region. In this paper, the geological structure of such gold objects is considered with the example of the deposits and prospects making up the Zhdaninsky ore–placer cluster in the Republic of Sakha (Yakuia). From lithological, structural, and mineralogical–geochemical data, the formation conditions of ore-bearing complexes are specified, the geological evolution history of the northern Ol’chan Zone of the Kular–Nera Belt is reconstructed, and the zonal distribution of mineralization within the ore–placer cluster is revealed. The structural–compositional complexes were formed in the following succession: (1) sedimentation at the shelf of the passive margin accompanied by synsedimentation deformations; (2) metagenesis of sediments and the development of bedding-plane intraformational detachments of collision stage D₁ under conditions of tangential compression and accompanied by the formation of carbon dioxide–aqueous metamorphic fluid at a temperature of 300°C and under a pressure of 1.4 kbar; (3) folding and faulting of orogenic stage D₂ with the formation of synkinematic magmatic bodies, metasomatic alteration, and Au-bearig mineral assemblages. Small Au-bearing objects with veined mineralization and high Au grade are localized in structures of stage D₂ transverse to bedding-plane schistosity S₁. They form at the collision stage above intraformational detachment surfaces and are controlled by shear structures of the orogenic stage with misalignment of these deformations. The ore zoning is determined by the distribution of Co and Ni minerals and by variations in the anionic composition of ore (S, As, Sb).     

铜陵新桥层状菱铁矿成因的矿物学证据及成矿意义

安徽铜陵新桥矿区二叠系栖霞组底部和石炭系黄龙组—船山组之间产出层状、似层状菱铁矿矿层。开展菱铁矿矿层成因研究对于深入剖析区域层控矽卡岩型铜铁矿床成矿机制具有重要意义。本文利用粉晶X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对菱铁矿矿石进行矿物学研究,结果发现菱铁矿矿石主要由菱铁矿、石英、伊利石和有机质等组成,菱铁矿颗粒粒径较小,表面具有成岩自生的自形石英硬模的微结构,SEM原位微区成分分析显示菱铁矿中除了主量元素铁,还含有大量的锰、锌和钙。矿石中存在两种微结构和不同成因的石英：表面具菱铁矿硬模和次生加大结构的碎屑石英;具六方双锥、单锥以及生物成因球形的自生石英。菱铁矿矿石的组成和矿物表面微结构表明其为沉积成因,非岩浆热液起源。富有机质和亚铁的沉积菱铁矿层和沉积胶状黄铁矿层协同作用,可能是铜陵地区乃至长江中下游成矿带层状铜铁矿床层控性重要制约因素,以及可能作为燕山期中酸岩浆演化的氧化性含铜成矿流体卸载成矿的地球化学还原障。

     

Dynamic Prediction Model of Overburden Settlement in Deep Mining Areas based on Space–Time Relationship

Natural Resources Research - Depletion of shallow mineral resources caused by deep mining has become an inevitable trend, and deep mining can increase safety accidents and geological hazards....     

末次间冰期南半球西风急流变化的模拟研究

研究末次间冰期气候变化有助于加深理解变暖情景下气候的变化规律及其对轨道参数变化的响应特征。本研究利用国际古气候模拟对比计划第四阶段的多模式结果, 分析了南半球副热带西风急流(200 hPa)与副极地西风急流(850 hPa)在末次间冰期的变化特征及机制。多模式集合平均结果表明, 末次间冰期夏季南半球副热带西风急流相较于工业革命前位置偏北(+2.5°), 强度偏弱(-5.3%); 南半球副极地西风急流也存在类似的变化特征(+1.1°/-7.4%)。在冬季, 末次间冰期南半球副热带西风急流相较于工业革命前南移增强(-0.8°/+5.6%), 而南半球副极地西风急流北移增强(+0.8°/+4.2%), 并且不同洋盆上空的急流具有不同的变化特征。副热带急流与副极地西风急流位置与强度的变化分别与对流层中高层与低层的斜压稳定性的变化相联系。此外, 热带非绝热加热与中纬度Rossby波传播的共同作用造成了南印度洋西侧与东侧、高层与低层西风急流反向变化的结果, 这种反向变化得到了降水重建的支持。

     

陕北北部一次罕见区域性暴雨天气过程分析

利用MICAPS常规气象资料、ERA-Interim 0.25°×0.25°再分析数据、地面区域气象站逐小时观测数据、FY-2G卫星云图和榆林CR/CB雷达产品,对2017年7月25日20时—26日08时陕西北部持续强降水过程进行综合分析。结果表明：（1）这次降水过程呈东西向带状分布,雨强大、范围小、移动慢、持续时间长,降水主要集中在夜间,大暴雨区具有典型的β中尺度特征;（2）西风槽的快速东移南压以及副高的稳定维持有利于槽前正涡度平流的加强及低层低值系统的发展,850 hPa新生的河套低涡和东南低空急流成为这次强降水过程的直接影响系统;（3）河套低涡是一个浅薄的热低压系统,它的发生发展可分为三个阶段,初始阶段低涡形成于弱的锋区中并具有不对称的暖心结构,成熟阶段和旺盛阶段低涡转变为对称的暖心结构,强降水产生在低涡发展成熟阶段,在低涡旺盛阶段降水达到最强;（4）河套低涡直接影响并控制着地面β中尺度低压的发生发展,β中尺度低压稳定在榆林西部,中尺度低压的西部和东部分别形成冷性辐合和暖性辐合,不断触发γ对流单体生成,不同中尺度对流云团的合并导致了降水的强烈发展。

     

Comment on the paper “CAWSES November 7–8, 2004, Superstorm: Complex Solar and Interplanetary Features in the Post-Solar Maximum Phase,” B. T. Tsurutani,E. Echer,F. L. Guarnieri,and J. U. Kozyra,Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 (2008)

The solar sources of the magnetic storms of November 8 and 10, 2004, are analyzed. The preliminary results of such an analysis [Yermolaev et al., 2005] are critically compared with the results of the paper [Tsurutani et al., 2008], where solar flares were put in correspondence with these magnetic storms. The method for determining solar sources that cause powerful magnetospheric storms is analyzed. It has been indicated that an optimal approach consists in considering coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as storm sources and accompanying flares as additional information about the location of CME origination.     

Fuzzy cluster analysis in geochemical exploration

As a classification method, cluster analysis has been widely used in geology and geochemical exploration, but sometimes the results of clustering were difficult to interpret, or missclassification of geochemically similar members into entirely different clusters might occur. The reason for this is suggested and discussed. A new technique, fuzzy clustering is introduced. Comparision of the results of fuzzy clustering with conventional clustering using a set of hypothetical data is made. An example of a practical application indicating the apparent merits of fuzzy clustering is given. This technique might show great promise when applicated to geochemical exploration problems.