青海德尔尼铜矿床成矿机制浅析

本文从蛇绿岩角度重新分析德尔尼铜钴多金属硫化物矿床资料,认为德尔尼矿床产于陆缘裂谷,控矿岩是蛇绿岩,赋矿的超铁镁岩是“变质橄榄岩”而不是超镁铁火山岩,成矿作用不和火山沉积作用发生关系,主要是地幔岩重熔硫化矿浆贯入上地幔裂隙系统而形成原始矿体,随裂谷复杂演化发生变质变形,后经多次热液叠加以及表生改造,是一种新类型铜多金属硫化物矿床。基此提出深部找矿可能取得突破。     

Pigmenting agents in Martian soils: inferences from spectral, Mossbauer, and magnetic properties of nanophase and other iron oxides in Hawaiian palagonitic soil PN-9

We have examined a Hawaiian palagonitic tephra sample (PN-9) that has spectroscopic similarities to Martian bright regions using a number of analytical techniques, including Mossbauer and reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, instrumental neutron activation analysis, electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy, and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extraction. Chemically, PN-9 has a Hawaiitic composition with alkali (and presumably silica) loss resulting from leaching by meteoric water during palagonitization; no Ce anomaly is present in the REE pattern. Mineralogically, our results show that nanophase ferric oxide (np-Ox) particles (either nanophase hematite (np-Hm) or a mixture of ferrihydrite and np-Hm) are responsible for the distinctive ferric doublet and visible-wavelength ferric absorption edge observed in Mossbauer and reflectivity spectra, respectively, for this and other spectrally similar palagonitic samples. The np-Ox particles appear to be imbedded in a hydrated aluminosilicate matrix material; no evidence was found for phyllosilicates. Other iron-bearing phases observed are titanomagnetite, which accounts for the magnetic nature of the sample; olivine; pyroxene; and glass. By analogy, np-Ox is likely the primary pigmenting agent of the bright soils and dust of Mars.     

Mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the Archean atmosphere

Current models predict that the early atmosphere consisted mostly of CO2, N2, and H2O, along with traces of H2 and CO. Such models are based on the assumption that the redox state of the upper mantle has not changed, so that volcanic gas composition has remained approximately constant with time. We argue here that this assumption is probably incorrect: the upper mantle was originally more reduced than today, although not as reduced as the metal arrest level, and has become progressively more oxidized as a consequence of the release of reduced volcanic gases and the subduction of hydrated, oxidized seafloor. Data on the redox state of sulfide and chromite inclusions in diamonds imply that the process of mantle oxidation was slow, so that reduced conditions could have prevailed for as much as half of the earth's history. To be sure, other oxybarometers of ancient rocks give different results, so the question of when the mantle redox state has changed remains unresolved. Mantle redox evolution is intimately linked to the oxidation state of the primitive atmosphere: A reduced Archean atmosphere would have had a high hydrogen escape rate and should correspond to a changing mantle redox state; an oxidized Archean atmosphere should be associated with a constant mantle redox state. The converses of these statements are also true. Finally, our theory of mantle redox evolution may explain why the Archean atmosphere remained oxygen-deficient until approximately 2.0 billion years ago (Ga) despite a probable early origin for photosynthesis.     

Regional estimation of total recharge to ground water in Nebraska

Naturally occurring long-term mean annual recharge to ground water in Nebraska was estimated by a novel water-balance approach. This approach uses geographic information systems (GIS) layers of land cover, elevation of land and ground water surfaces, base recharge, and the recharge potential in combination with monthly climatic data. Long-term mean recharge > 140 mm per year was estimated in eastern Nebraska, having the highest annual precipitation rates within the state, along the Elkhorn, Platte, Missouri, and Big Nemaha River valleys where ground water is very close to the surface. Similarly high recharge values were obtained for the Sand Hills sections of the North and Middle Loup, as well as Cedar River and Beaver Creek valleys due to high infiltration rates of the sandy soil in the area. The westernmost and southwesternmost parts of the state were estimated to typically receive < 30 mm of recharge a year.     

Application of a novel phytotoxicity assay for the detection of herbicides in Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Straits

A novel phytotoxicity assay was incorporated into an environmental assessment of Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Straits, to investigate the role of run-off associated herbicides in the deteriorated health of intertidal seagrass meadows. Dose response curves of common herbicides were performed and their toxicity equivalents elucidated to assist in analysis. The results of the assay were reproducible and corresponded strongly with results of chemical analyses. The incorporation of the assay into the assessment of surface waters added an important aspect to the study by allowing investigation of the toxicity of cumulative herbicide concentrations and yielding biologically relevant data. The highest herbicide concentration detected during the study was equivalent to 0.23 microg l(-1) diuron; a concentration known to inhibit photosynthetic efficiency of the assay biomaterial by approximately 3%.     

法国业务预报系统EMERAUDE和PERIDOT中表层预报变量的初始化

一、前 言 过去,大多把注意力都集中于大气预报变量的资料同化问题上,虽然,在这一方面仍有大量需要改进的问题。但是,人们越来越广泛地认识到地表面预报变量(表面温度,土壤水分含量和雪的厚度)在预报模式的建立和预报产品的解释中都起着重要作用。然而,对这些变量如何初始化的问题比较缺乏兴趣,这是令人非常吃惊的。对于这一情况有许多解释:期待改进仍然是相当有限的;通常用于全球范围的这些量没有直接的测量;模式对控制地表面变量演变的物理过程采用非常简化的参数等等。 不过,当我们设计新的预报系统“EMERAUDE”和“PERIDOT”的时候,我们决定采用新的、可靠的和简单的方法,但不是处理这一问题的一般的方法,下面将用一些结果来描述这一方法。     

Biochemical and histological responses in mussel (Mytilus edulis) exposed to North Sea oil and to a mixture of North Sea oil and alkylphenols

Several environmental chemicals are suspected to be responsible for adverse health effects on the reproductive system in various organisms. During this work, environmentally relevant concentrations of North Sea oil were used alone or in combination with alkylphenols and additional PAH to study the effect on vitellogenin-like protein expression and gonadal development in mussels. North Sea oil (0.5 ppm) induced the expression of phospho-proteins in both sexes indicating that some compounds are oestrogen-mimics. This induction was not seen in samples dosed with the mixture but signs of toxic effects were observed in the gonads. Indeed, numerous degenerating ovarian follicles in females and foci, similar to vertebrate melanomacrophage centres, were observed in testes.     

气象综合指挥平台建设与应用北大核心CSCD

在重大活动、突发气象灾害以及汛期会商服务等特定时空气象保障过程中,采用各单位逐一汇报及展示专业产品或系统等传统方式,形成的产品及系统深度专业,但无法互动且运行协同不足,影响实时保障服务效益。气象综合指挥平台充分利用现有气象业务数字化成果,面向气象保障服务的时空及可视化需求,采用混合存储、接口服务以及图层组件发布等技术,实现多源数据的标准化处理、功能集约建设以及图层渲染等组件松耦合发布,首次在气象保障服务中接入空间天气、风云四号气象卫星高分辨率数据、秒级观测以及百米融合实况等数据及产品,实现气象产品全在线服务与中国气象局电视会商、云会商系统音视频信号的同步实时调度,为实时气象保障调度指挥提供服务支撑。该平台集成113种气象产品,发布1106个图层服务,成功完成2022年北京冬奥会和冬残奥会等国家重大气象保障工作,未来可为各类气象保障系统开发及专题气象保障服务提供支撑应用。