东北三省对外直接投资空间格局及影响因素

对外直接投资不仅是东北三省建立全方位开放型经济体制的必经阶段,也是实现全面经济振兴的重要契机。在中国进入对外投资加速发展阶段的背景下,“一带一路”战略、东北亚经济圈建设等为东北三省对外直接投资发展提供了机遇。利用2003~2014年的省际对外直接投资规模、境外投资机构等数据,全面分析了东北三省对外直接投资的发展路径、空间特征及其在国内地位,并采用地理加权回归（GWR）模型深入地分析了东北三省对外直接投资的关键影响因素及其时空差异,最后提出相应的空间发展战略及政策建议。研究表明：① 东北三省对外直接投资主要集中在农、林、矿等资源型行业,具有显著的贸易服务、市场服务特征,并且对政府和国有经济的依赖较大;② 技术水平和金融环境对东北三省对外直接投资的推动力仍有较大的提升空间;③ 未来东北三省应推进企业联合投资和空间差异化投资战略,发挥国有企业的投资带动作用,加强对科技型企业和技术追寻型对外直接投资的鼓励和支持。     

Geomorphology,acoustic backscatter,and processes in Santa Monica Bay from multibeam mapping

Santa Monica Bay was mapped in 1996 using a high-resolution multibeam system, providing the first substantial update of the submarine geomorphology since the initial compilation by Shepard and Emery [(1941) Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 31]. The multibeam mapping generated not only high-resolution bathymetry, but also coregistered, calibrated acoustic backscatter at 95 kHz. The geomorphology has been subdivided into six provinces; shelf, marginal plateau, submarine canyon, basin slope, apron, and basin. The dimensions, gradients, and backscatter characteristics of each province is described and related to a combination of tectonics, climate, sea level, and sediment supply. Fluctuations of eustatic sea level have had a profound effect on the area; by periodically eroding the surface of Santa Monica plateau, extending the mouth of the Los Angeles River to various locations along the shelf break, and by connecting submarine canyons to rivers. A wetter glacial climate undoubtedly generated more sediment to the rivers that then transported the increased sediment load to the low-stand coastline and canyon heads. The trends of Santa Monica Canyon and several bathymetric highs suggest a complex tectonic stress field that has controlled the various segments. There is no geomorphic evidence to suggest Redondo Canyon is fault controlled. The San Pedro fault can be extended more than 30 km to the northwest by the alignment of a series of bathymetric highs and abrupt changes in direction of channel thalwegs.     

Impacts of aggregate dredging on sediment composition and associated benthic fauna at an offshore dredge site in the southern North Sea

Dredging and associated screening at a dredge site in the southern North Sea (Area 408) is associated with areas of well-sorted fine sand that extend for up to 3 km to the south-east of the dredged area and overlay sediments with a more variable particle size composition. This well-sorted fine sand may reflect deposition and transport of material mobilised by the dredging and screening processes at the dredge site. Multivariate analysis of the benthic community structure suggests that marine aggregate dredging, at the level of intensity employed in the study area prior to sample collection, has had a limited impact on benthic community composition compared with that reported from studies elsewhere. This is ascribed to the likely rapid rates of recolonisation by the mobile opportunistic polychaetes and crustaceans that dominate the macrofauna of the sandy gravel deposits at this particular dredge site. Analysis of variance showed, however, that significant differences existed between the sample treatments in terms of species evenness (Pielou's J). Dredged samples were found to have the lowest mean species evenness (0.71) when compared to controls (0.77). The present study highlights the inherent difficulties in the application of general impact/recovery predictions to dredged sites with varying environmental characteristics.     

国土空间规划体系下地质文化村规划编制研究

响应乡村振兴战略的地质文化村建设正如火如荼地开展,而地质文化村规划却滞后于地质文化村建设。实施乡村振兴战略要坚持规划先行,以地质文化村规划引领地质文化村建设是必要的。本研究将地质文化村规划定位为国土空间规划体系下的专项规划,并提出构建地质背景下的自然文化资源保护专项规划体系的建议。针对范围划定,提出了先划定地质资源范围,再综合划定地质文化村规划范围的方法。在比较分析地质文化村规划、地质公园规划、村庄规划主要内容的基础上,结合江西大洲塘地质文化村规划实践探索,提出地质文化村规划的15项主要内容,包括9项强制性内容和6项引导性内容。在规划内容中,注重突出地质产业、彰显地质特色、融入地学文化和衔接好空间规划。     

国土空间规划体系下地质文化村规划编制研究

响应乡村振兴战略的地质文化村建设正如火如荼地开展,而地质文化村规划却滞后于地质文化村建设。实施乡村振兴战略要坚持规划先行,以地质文化村规划引领地质文化村建设是必要的。本研究将地质文化村规划定位为国土空间规划体系下的专项规划,并提出构建地质背景下的自然文化资源保护专项规划体系的建议。针对范围划定,提出了先划定地质资源范围,再综合划定地质文化村规划范围的方法。在比较分析地质文化村规划、地质公园规划、村庄规划主要内容的基础上,结合江西大洲塘地质文化村规划实践探索,提出地质文化村规划的15项主要内容,包括9项强制性内容和6项引导性内容。在规划内容中,注重突出地质产业、彰显地质特色、融入地学文化和衔接好空间规划。     

三频BDS电离层延迟改正分析

针对电离层改正会引起观测噪声放大,尤其三频二阶改正致使观测噪声被过分放大的不足,该文分别推导了BDS电离层双频一阶改正、三频一阶改正和三频二阶改正模型及三频载波无电离层组合模型。改正电离层延迟的同时会不同程度地放大观测噪声,为此分析比较了各种方法改正后的观测值精度和观测噪声,并对不同方法的应用进行了分析。     

Benthic status of near-shore fishing grounds in the central Philippines and associated seahorse densities

Benthic status of 28 near-shore, artisanal, coral reef fishing grounds in the central Philippines was assessed (2000-2002) together with surveys of the seahorse, Hippocampus comes. Our measures of benthic quality and seahorse densities reveal some of the most degraded coral reefs in the world. Abiotic structure dominated the fishing grounds: 69% of the benthos comprised rubble (32%), sand/silt (28%) and dead coral (9%). Predominant biotic structure included live coral (12%) and Sargassum (11%). Rubble cover increased with increasing distance from municipal enforcement centers and coincided with substantial blast fishing in this region of the Philippines. Over 2 years, we measured a significant decrease in benthic 'heterogeneity' and a 16% increase in rubble cover. Poor benthic quality was concomitant with extremely low seahorse densities (524 fish per km(2)). Spatial management, such as marine reserves, may help to minimize habitat damage and to rebuild depleted populations of seahorses and other reef fauna.     

Development of a methodology for assessing the environmental impact of radioactivity in Northern Marine environments

The requirement to assess the impacts of radioactivity in the environment explicitly and transparently is now generally accepted by the scientific community. A recently developed methodology for achieving this end for marine ecosystems is presented within this paper. With its clear relationship to an overarching system, the marine impact assessment is built around components of environmental transfer, ecodosimetry and radiobiological effects appraisal relying on the use of "reference organisms". Concentration factors (CFs), dynamic models and, in cases where parameters are missing, allometry have been employed in the consideration of radionuclide transfer. Dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) have been derived for selected flora and fauna using, inter alia, dose attenuation and chord distribution functions. The calculated dose-rates can be contextualised through comparison with dose-rates arising from natural background and chronic dose-rates at which biological effects have been observed in selected "umbrella" endpoints.     

Field accumulative behavior of organochlorine pesticides. The role of crabs and sediment characteristics in coastal environments

The influence of intertidal crab beds on the concentrations of organochlorine (OC) pesticides in sediment was studied in two different coastal environments in Argentina. Samples of male burrowing crabs (Chasmagnathus granulatus) were collected for this study. Our field data showed lower bioaccumulation of OC pesticides in crabs from sediments with a higher total organic carbon (TOC) and higher clay content. Thus, concentrations in crabs depend on the physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment where they live more than on the OC pesticide concentrations in the environment. The distribution patterns in sediment from inside and outside crab burrows were similar for both coastal areas being HCHs  γ-chlordane > p,p′-DDE for San Antonio Bay (SAO), and HCHs > p,p′-DDE  γ-chlordane for Mar Chiquita (MCh) coastal lagoon. OC pesticide concentrations in sediment were significantly lower inside than outside crab burrows, irrespective of the sediment physico-chemical characteristics due to the bioturbation activity of C. granulatus.