控制—反调节水库协同生态调度的优化策略:以三峡—葛洲坝梯级水库为例

全球主要河流已成为受梯级水库控制的人工调节系统.河流鱼类作为淡水生态系统的重要组成部分,在人类对河流水能资源开发利用的进程中,面临着种群退化、多样性丧失的巨大胁迫.水库生态调度是在鱼类关键生命期人为营造满足鱼类需求的水文水动力条件,减缓水库不利生态影响的一种生态环保措施.然而,在生态调度的实践过程中,受水库不同运行方式...     

平流层环流异常对2008年1月雪灾过程的影响

利用NCEP/NCAR逐日的再分析资料统计了1951年以来南方发生大雪时的环流特征,对2008年1月中国南方地区发生的大范围雪灾天气过程的环流背景进行了分析,并且通过对比分别分析了平流层环流和对流层环流的平均特征和演变过程。结果发现,南方冬季大雪都是发生在500 hPa距平场分布呈现北高南低的形势下,并且平流层极涡位置都偏向亚洲且极涡强度偏强。2008年的雪灾期间对流层和平流层的形势都和过去7个大雪年（1955、1956、1957、1977、1984、1989和1993年）合成形势相似。2007年12月初平流层极涡开始偏离极地并发生变形,中心偏向欧亚大陆,且向亚洲和北美伸出两个槽。这种异常一直持续到2008年1月中旬,并且有向下传的趋势,使得对流层2008年1月东亚大槽位置偏东,主体北部偏强,从而为1月的雪灾天气提供了有利的环流背景。因此在本研究结果的基础上进行系统的研究,有望将平流层位相的超前信号作为对流层异常天气过程预报的一个先行指标,对提高对流层异常天气预报的时限具有重要意义。     

两河口水库区索依村滑坡形成机制及稳定性评价

索依村滑坡位于两河口水电站近坝库区,为一古滑坡。本文从斜坡地质结构分析人手,结合雅砻江河谷地貌演化,分析了滑坡的形成演化机制,进而评价了滑坡的稳定性。研究结果表明,滑坡发生于陡立板岩顺向层状结构斜坡中,其变形破坏模式为倾倒弯曲-拉裂型,形成于雅砻江Ⅲ级阶地形成以后至Ⅱ级阶地形成前的河谷快速下切期。是在河谷强烈下蚀作用及凹岸侧蚀作用下,斜坡岩体发生侧向卸荷,并在重力场作用下发生倾倒弯曲拉裂变形而形成。滑坡现状处于稳定状态,两河口水电站施工期导流围堰回水情况下,整体处于基本稳定状态,对水电工程施工安全不会带来重大影响。     

夏季青藏高原O3低值与南亚高压东西振荡的关系

利用O3监测仪(Ozone Monitoring Instrument,OMI)卫星O3廓线资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了2006年夏季南亚高压偏西型和偏东型条件下青藏高原地区O3垂直结构和变化特征差异.结果表明,夏季南亚高压东西振荡与青藏高原O3分布存在密切的关系,在西(东)部型南亚高压条件下,夏季青藏高...     

The impact of organic pollution on the macrobenthic fauna of Dubai Creek (UAE)

Dubai Creek is a tidal marine intrusion bisecting Dubai within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The creek extends 14km inland from its opening into the Arabian Gulf, with a narrow lower creek channel leading to a lagoon section in the upper creek. The creek contains numerous sources of organic pollution including sewage outlet flows and boat waste. A survey of the creek was performed, assessing organic pollution, water properties, and the benthic macrofaunal community. The upper creek was heavily polluted with macrofauna communities commonly associated with organic pollution and eutrophication, while the lower creek contained low pollution and relatively healthy macrofauna communities. There is little net tidal flow of water within the creek and residence time in the lagoon is high, which may account for the high organic pollution levels. However, some evidence of the pollution effect moving into the lower creek was found. The results are considered in light of current and historic organic loading within the creek and future developments in the area.     

Monitoring the Prestige oil spill impacts on some key species of the Northern Iberian shelf

Selected key components of the continental shelf benthic and demersal communities were monitored for the two years following the Prestige oil spill (POS) in order to identify the possible ecological effects of the oil. This work includes the first results regarding changes in abundance, distribution and food habits of hake (Merluccius merluccius), four-spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii), Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and Pandalid shrimp (Plesionika heterocarpus) populations of Galician and Cantabrian Sea shelves following the POS. Significant reductions in the abundance of Norway lobster, Plesionika heterocarpus and four-spot megrim were detected in the POS maximum impact area, located over the Galician shelf. Noteworthy recoveries were observed in the 2004 abundance indices of four-spot megrim and Plesionika. On the other hand, no significant effects were detected in the abundance or distribution of hake juveniles even though the tar aggregates were bound by the same oceanographic drift events as the hake recruits were during the winter of 2003 (Navidad current) in different water column layers of the Cantabrian Sea. Feeding patterns of the four species analysed did not present apparent modifications that can be related to the POS.     

平流层准零风层统计特征及准两年周期振荡对其影响分析

根据形成机制的不同将平流层准零风层（Quasi-Zero Wind Layer,QZWL）划分为由平流层准两年周期振荡（Quasi-Biennial Oscillation,QBO）各高度处于不同位相形成的第一类QZWL和由于平流层低层经向温度梯度逆转而形成的第二类QZWL;利用ERA-40再分析资料分析了两类QZWL在不同季节中空间结构的变化规律,讨论了平流层QBO对两类QZWL年际变化产生的影响。研究结果表明：第一类QZWL集中出现在冬季赤道附近地区,第二类QZWL在夏季热带外地区和冬季20°N～40°N太平洋地区上空;QZWL夏季高度比冬季低约3 km,夏季QZWL出现高度比冬季稳定,约在50～70 hPa之间;由于受到QBO的直接影响,第一类QZWL出现的高度和纬度范围存在明显的年际变化,第二类QZWL受到QBO的影响主要体现在QBO西风位相年和东风位相年相比,冬季20°N～40°N范围内存在第二类QZWL的概率较高。     

中国石化产业空间组织的演进历程与机制

本文研究了中国石化产业空间组织的演进及格局,探讨了其影响因子及作用机制。研究认为,中国石化产业空间组织经历了内陆分散布局、沿海局部快速集聚及沿海全面加速扩张三个阶段。经过60年发展,中国已形成了“十大石化产业基地”.原材料、市场和政策因素是影响中国石化产业空间组织的三大主导因素,各因素在不同阶段的作用强度存在差异。在石化产业发展的早期,原材料是影响石化产业布局的主要因素,在此因素的影响下,中国石化产业主要布局在原油丰富的东北和西北地区。改革开放以来,随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,市场成为影响石化产业空间布局的主导因素,中国石化产业开始向沿海局部地区布局。2000年以来,在原材料、市场、政策等多种因素驱动下,石化产业加速向沿海地区集聚,沿海石化产业带初步形成,无序扩张态势初现端倪。     

The effects of prolonged darkness on temperate and tropical marine phytoplankton, and their implications for ballast water risk management

Phytoplankton assemblages from tropical (Goa) and temperate (UK) locations were exposed to a 28 day dark period, followed by a period of re-exposure to light. During this time phytoplankton survival and changes in nutrient concentrations were mapped. The tropical plankton water samples showed high nutrient levels after the dark period which were utilised by cells during the re-exposure period. UK experiments looked at the effect of three different water types on population recovery after the 28 day dark period, and differences due to seasonal effects.The population growth observed during the re-exposure period in the tropical population was comparable to that of the temperate population. Water type affected recovery and of the three tested media fresh seawater promoted the highest levels of growth. Seasonality had a significant influence on species survival. Understanding the effects of all these factors can aid the development of effective risk assessments in ballast water management.     

石化产业空间组织研究进展与展望

石化产业在国民经济中占有重要地位,关系到国家经济安全、政治安全和国防安全.石化产业空间组织是产业部门地理研究的重要领域之一,有必要考察其研究进展和发展趋向.在厘清石化产业空间组织基本内涵的基础上,本文从区位因子及作用机制、空间组织模式、跨国石油公司和石化产业集群等4个方面,回顾了石化产业空间组织的相关研究及最新进展,并...