MULTIVARIATE SELECTION OF VARIABLES IN INDUSTRIAL QUALITY CONTROL:OPTIMIZING AVIATION FUEL FINAL CONTROL

This paper deals with a typical question encountered in all industrial analytical laboratories:are all thetests performed in the laboratory to characterize the final product really necessary?In this work the cross-validation technique,Procrustes rotation techniques and statistical variable selection have been used toreduce the 26 initial British Petroleum and ASTM kerosene specification tests to ten'essential'ones.Statistical as well as chemical considerations were used to select the optimum subset of original variablesto be retained from all the possible ones.     

以实况资料对比研究各种裸地蒸发公式

引言鉴于土壤水不是自由水,裸地蒸发过程非常复杂。土表和大气间水汽转化量不仅取决于较深土层向上传输水分的能力,还受紧贴地表处土壤水发生汽化的薄土层中水汽向外扩散能力的影响。同时,土壤水文特征曲线的强非线性也要求表达上述界面处质量、热量转化的数值模式要非常全面,对此可采用近界面的垂向分辨力(约1 mm)。     

一种机载冰粒子探测仪器

研制了一种在风暴中探测冰粒子的简单机载仪器.虽然目前已有的精密探测仪器能够获得大气冰粒子的图象,但是用这些资料确定的粒子浓度的空间分辨率,由于采样面积小而受到限制.本文讨论的冰粒子探测器可以实时指示云中及其附近冰晶的存在,并且提供了一种测量冰粒子浓度的近似方法,这种方法具有很好的空间分辨率.该仪器结构简单,价格便宜;曾用5个夏天的时间在新墨西哥州的雷暴中对其进行了试验.     

一种确定地震深度的新方法

本文在理论上提出了一种简单的确定地震震源深度的方法。对区域地震台网内发生的地震,利用变换后的各台初至到时差数据进行震源深度测定。结果表明对不同的速度结构,震源深度平均变化5km时,走时平均改变0.7s。这样的灵敏度对地震深度的确定是有效的,尤其在对没有近台(震中距<50km)的地震,该方法显示了其优越性。文中最后给出了J—B表模型和国内二层均匀模型的深度——走时差用表。     

Sensitivity of medium-range weather forecasts to the use of reference atmosphere

In this paper, the authors develop the earlier work of Chen Jiabin et al. (1986). In order to reduce spectral truncation errors, the reference atmosphere has been introduced in ECMWF model, and the spectrally-represented variables, temperature, geopotential height and orography, are replaced by their deviations from the reference atmos-phere. Two modified semi- implicit schemes have been proposed to alleviate the computational instability due to the introduction of reference atmosphere. Concerning the deviation of surface geopotential height from reference atmos-phere, an exact computational formulation has been used instead of the approximate one in the earlier work. To re-duce aliasing errors in the computations of the deviation of the surface geopotential height, a spectral fit has been used slightly to modify the original Gaussian grid-point values of orography.A series of experiments has been performed in order to assess the impact of the reference atmosphere on ECMWF medium- range forecasts at the resolution T21, T42 and T63, The results we have obtained reveal that the reference atmosphere introduced in ECMWF spectral model is generally beneficial to the mean statistical scores of 1000-200 hPa height 10-day forecasts over the globe. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is a clear improvement for T21, T42 and T63 throughout the 10-day forecast period, In the Northern Hemisphere, the impact of the reference atmos-phere on anomaly correlation is positive for resolution T21, a very slightly damaging at T42 and almost neutral at T63 in the range of day 1 to day 4. Beyond the day 4 there is a clear improvement at all resolutions.     

分级统计图分级选择一般概念的研究

分级统计图分级的确定问题已有大量的文献讨论过。奇怪的是我们至今还没有提出一个分级选择的一般概念。七年前,I.S.EVANS曾写道:“分级间隔的选择,强烈地影响着由地图产生的视觉印象,但是现在还完全是制图中的一个混乱的分支。”看来,这个问题还需要一些深入细致的分析和适当的定向研究。在地图制图学手册中,可以区分出两种分级确     

加拿大西部盆地前寒武纪基底的放射性生热率的区域分布趋势

来自加拿大西部盆地的229个点的381个基底样品的放射性生热率值显示出对数频率分布。平均值（A）＝2．06（S、D．＝1．22）μWm^-3，高于苏必利尔（Superior)(Ca.1.2μWm^-3,Jossop,Lewis,1978)和丘吉尔（Churchill)(Ca.0.7μWm^-3,Drury,1985)省地盾的生热率。如果画出LogA的等值线来显示基底的生热率分布，将见到3个大的生热率相对高值带。一个与皮斯（Peace)河弯的基底构造一致，一个与阿萨巴斯（Athabasca)轴线一致（Darnley,1981)。通过这两个带的古生代构造层的热流没有明显增加的显示。第三个带在萨斯卡彻温（Saskatchwan)西北部，与斯威夫特卡伦特（Swift Current)地区的高热流带一致。艾伯塔（Alberta)地区热注和生热率没有线性关系，可能是由于古生代地层中地下水运动对热流产生了影响，也许也表明了生热的铀、钍、钾同位素仅富集在基底面附近，而并不是富集于整个上地壳。