海洋底质图

根据第一个五年国民经济发展计划所拟定的关于扩大巴伦支海工业渔捞场的计划,在三十年代初期给苏维埃海洋地质学提供了编制底质图的任务。同时,为了支援我国的工业及保证航海的需要,也提出了控制苏联富饶的海洋资源的任务。 还在上古时代、在航海的早期,就萌发了对海底成分和特性的兴趣。我国在十八世纪、开始编制标有底质特性的原始航行图。以后,在所有国家的航行图上,通常注明底质的名称和它的颜色、或者其它特点的标记;这种底质标记的方法,目前还在采用,但它的缺     

Oxidative stress in ecotoxicology: from the analysis of individual antioxidants to a more integrated approach

An integrate approach will be discussed for investigations on oxidative stress in xenobiotic toxicity. While the analysis of individual antioxidants is useful for their sensitivity and to understand the mode of action of a stressor, the integration with the analysis of the total antioxidant capacity provides a more holistic assessment of the overall biological significance of such variations. TOSC has a greater predictive value on the health condition of the organisms and allows to discriminate the different role of specific ROS in oxidative stress syndrome.     

渤海三维潮流数值模拟

本模型以具有自由面的三维非线性Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｒｏｋｅｓ方程为基本方程，经σ坐标变换得到模式方程。基于过程分裂法，将三维流动中的快过程与慢过程劈开，并对每部分选用适合其物理特性和数值行为的计算格式，然后耦联求解。应用本模型详细计算了渤海的三维潮运动。其中，潮波系统模拟获得理想的结果；采用十层模式计算了Ｍ２潮流，以较高的辨率揭示了潮流的空间结构特征。最后本文给出了三维潮流预报的应用实例。     

Susceptibility to genetic damage and cell types in Mediterranean mussels

Micronucleus (MN) frequency is generally accepted as a marker of chromosomal damage and has been studied in a variety of cells and species. In previous work, we detected significant dose-related MN increases in the epithelial-like gill cells and agranular haemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis treated with benzo[a]pyrene, a well-known mutagenic pollutant. In addition, we have studied micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in mussels collected from the Venice lagoon (Italy). Frequency changes, possibly related to genotoxic/toxic stress, in both granular and micronucleated cells from gills and haemolymph, were detected. Environmental data suggest the effect of genotoxic pollutants and the importance of cell replication in the interpretation of micronucleus frequencies.     

西北巴拉望GSEC66.区块深水区石油潜力

本文论述了Philodfill GSEC66区块，即人们称之为“西北Malampaya区块”的石油潜力评价结果。相信该区块存在主要烃类聚集所必需的要素。可能的烃源岩是深水尼多灰岩，早第三纪同裂谷期前尼多沉积和前第三纪沉积。潜在储集层包括尼多礁隆、尼多和前尼多碎屑岩和，或破碎碳酸盐岩，早中新世Galoc碎屑浊积岩和前尼多沉积。该地区识别出的主要油藏类型是晚渐新世一早中新世礁和侵蚀／喀斯特碳酸岩高地。在对已有的1982年以前地震资料评价后，又采集了1，625km的地震资料。新的地震资料解释后，在这一地区划出了11个预选区，其中2个勘探区（Santa Monica和Ipil勘探区）。Santa Monica是在尼多灰岩上圈出的一个十字倾角圈闭，垂直闭合高度超过457m，闭合面积超过83km^2。Ipil勘探区发育在尼多灰岩台地面上，具缓倾闭合特征，闭合面积超过47km^2，垂直闭合高度122m。这个大型勘探圈出的技术价值与菲律宾十分有利的深水勘探条件及其邻近的即将开发的Malapaya—Camago油气田结合，使这一区块成为今后勘探工作中一个极具前景的地区。     

高能波控陆架的风暴沉积和风暴层序——以澳大利亚东南部陆架为例

根据浅层地震和钻孔资科,将澳大利亚东南部研究地区高能波控陆架风暴沉积分为直立风暴层、叠瓦状风暴层、无序风暴层、水平风暴层和纹层状风暴层等五类.各类风暴层及风暴层与非风暴层组合而成悬移风暴层序、悬移-推移混合风暴层序和推移风暴层序三大类.中陆架风暴沉积与现今近岸和水下岸坡相似,岩性、岩相和古生物属海岸带,风暴沉积厚,底板埋深大,组成物质粗.推断中陆架风暴沉积当形成于冰后期海侵、该地带处在近岸带和水下岸坡环境时,此时海面上升速度可能减缓,或趋近于零,甚至可能有短时间的下降.     

关于对虾养殖生态环境的探讨

对虾是我国海水养殖生产中的主体产品之一。但是,在发展之中还存在着一些问题,最突出的是对虾养殖环境在发生着某些不利的变化:如虾池“老化”,泛池浮头,底质败坏;沿岸海水污染日趋严重,自然海水的溶解氧出现低于正常指标的现象。由于养虾生态环境的变化,给对虾养殖生产带来了严重的危害,致使有的养虾单位投入大,效益低或亏损。因此,应对养虾生态环境进行深入探讨和研究。 1.改善养虾生态环境,实现稳产高产随着养虾生产的发展,虾池环境逐年恶     

印度洋马尔代夫礁岛演化的新模式

珊瑚礁岛是由钙质砂砾堆积形成的，这些砂砾构成了环礁和其他礁台的表层。礁岛的低海拔高度、小规模尺寸和对局部礁积物的依赖性使它们深受气候变化和海平面上升的影响，因此，礁岛的稳定性对于只能在这种岛上居住生存的珊瑚礁国家来说是需要考虑的头等大事。我们要增强对礁岛沉积历史的研究，得出将来解决礁岛稳定性的最佳方案。     

Cloning of a chub metallothionein cDNA and development of competitive RT-PCR of chub metallothionein mRNA as a potential biomarker of heavy metal exposure

Metallothionein has been assayed in a range of aquatic animal tissues as an indicator of metal exposure. We sequenced chub (Leuciscus cephalus) metallothionein cDNA which showed over 90% homology to common carp, goldfish and stone loach and 77% homology to rainbow trout sequences for metallothionein. We then used the extended primer method to develop an accurate quantitative competitive RT-PCR assay for metallothionein mRNA. RT-PCR was used to measure metallothionein mRNA in feral chub from a range of field sites, with different levels of heavy metal pollution, in the West Midlands, UK. Measurements were complemented by analysis of liver and gill metallothionein protein by capillary electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the metallothionein protein levels between fish of different rivers and there was no evidence of elevation of mRNA at the sites of highest metal exposure. The level of metal exposure (e.g. zinc, nickel and cadmium each ranging between 15 and 28 microg/l ) at the pH (7.5-8.5) of these rivers appears insufficient to elevate hepatic or gill metallothionein in chub. A lack of elevation of hepatic metallothionein mRNA in chub exposed to zinc, copper and manganese for 24 h and 10 days in the laboratory also suggests a non-responsiveness of this species.