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61.
Forced regressive shoreface sandstone from Himalayan foreland: Implications to early Himalayan tectonic evolution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the ∼ 31 Ma old marker White sandstone unit from the Subathu Sub-basin, NW Himalayan foreland, suggest it to be a forced regressive wedge (FRW) formed during the transition from the marine Subathu Formation to the continental Dagshai Formation. The FRW is bounded between the “Surf diastem” below and type 1 unconformity at the top and differs from RSME (regressive surface of marine erosion, occurring below) bounded FRWs described from other classical coastal/foreland settings. Correct identification of bounding surfaces of a FRW has an important implication to the estimation of rate of relative sea-level (RSL) fall. A faster rate of RSL fall, higher than the sedimentation rate, has been postulated for the erosion of the lower shoreface and RSME. Using the logged thickness of the Subathu/Dagshai transition zone including the White sandstone (bounded between the “Surf diastem” and unconformity), available chronology and eustatic sea-level fall (0.023 mm/year at 31 Ma), a higher RSL fall than the sedimentation rate (0.07 mm/year) has been inferred during the deposition of the White sandstone. Petrography of sandstones and their Sr and Nd isotopic compositions indicate a major provenance switch-over from dominant mafic/ultramafic to metamorphic source from White sandstone (∼ 31 Ma) onwards attesting the link between hinterland tectonics, provenance and forced regression. The provenance switch-over at 31 Ma was earlier inferred to be driven by proto-Himalayan thrust propagation in the foreland. Using a simple isostatic model, on the contrary, a mechanism of accelerated surface uplift (at a rate of > 0.10-0.15 mm/year) is suggested for both provenance change and forced regression. 相似文献
62.
Holocene paleoenvironmental changes inferred from diatom assemblages in sediments of Kusawa Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, is an important region for recovering sensitive records of Holocene paleoclimatic change. More information is needed, however, to constrain the timing of the major Holocene climatic transitions, and to understand associated impacts on different ecosystems. For example, paleolimnological studies have focused on small lakes and ponds, but the history of large lakes has received little study. We analyzed diatom assemblages, species richness, valve concentrations, and biogenic silica, in the sediments of Kusawa Lake (60°16.5'N; 136°10.9'W; 671 m a.s.l.) to reconstruct the responses of this large (surface area = 142 km2), deep (Zmax = 135 m) freshwater ecosystem to Holocene climatic transitions. Diatoms colonized the lake soon after ice retreat, around 11,000 cal yr BP; assemblages throughout the record were dominated by planktonic types. Diatom concentrations and biogenic silica were high during the Holocene Thermal Maximum between 10,700 and 7300 cal yr BP, then began to decrease in response to cooling associated with orbitally driven reductions in insolation. Diatom assemblages shifted towards taxa with lower surface water temperature optima after 8300 cal yr BP, perhaps in response to abrupt and progressive cooling. Our study confirms that diatom assemblages in large lakes are sensitive to regional-scale paleoclimatic changes. 相似文献
63.
Abhishek Saha Avik Dhang Jyotisankar Ray Suvankar Chakraborty David Moecher 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(3):365-381
Field studies supplemented by petrographic analyses clearly reveal complete preservation of ophiolite suite from Port Blair
(11°39′N: 92°45′E) to Chiriyatapu (11°30′24″N: 92°42′30″E) stretch of South Andaman. The ophiolite suite reveals serpentinite
at the base which is overlain unconformably by cumulate ultramafic-mafic members with discernible cumulus texture and igneous
layering. Basaltic dykes are found to cut across the cumulate ultramafic-mafic members. The succession is capped by well exposed
pillow basalts interlayered with arkosic sediments. Olivine from the basal serpentinite unit are highly magnesian (Fo80.1–86.2). All clinopyroxene analyses from cumulate pyroxenite, cumulate gabbro and basaltic dyke are discriminated to be ‘Quad’ and
are uniformly restricted to the diopside field. Composition of plagioclase in different lithomembers is systematically varying
from calcic to sodic endmembers progressively from cumulate pyroxenite to pillow basalt through cumulate gabbro and basaltic
dyke. Plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic dyke are found to be distinctly zoned (An60.7-An35.3) whereas groundmass plagioclase are relatively sodic (An33-An23.5). Deduced thermobarometric data from different lithomembers clearly correspond to the observed preservation of complete ophiolite
suite. 相似文献
64.
Propagation of convective systems in the meridional direction during boreal summer is responsible for active and break phases of monsoon over south Asia. This region is unique in the world in its characteristics of monsoon variability and is in close proximity of mountains like the Himalayas. Here, using an atmospheric general circulation model, we try to understand the role of orography in determining spatial and temporal scales of these convective systems. Absence of orography (noGlOrog) decreased the simulated seasonal mean precipitation over India by 23 % due to delay in onset by about a month vis-a-vis the full-mountain case. In noGlOrog, poleward propagations were absent during the delayed period prior to onset. Post-onset, both simulations had similar patterns of poleward propagations. The spatial and temporal scales of propagating clouds bands were determined using wavelet analysis. These scales were found to be different in full-mountain and no-mountain experiments in June–July. However, after the onset of monsoon in noGlOrog, these scales become similar to that with orography. Simulations with two different sets of convection schemes confirmed this result. Further analysis shows that the absence (presence) of meridional propagations during early (late) phase of summer monsoon in noGlOrog was associated with weaker (stronger) vertical shear of zonal wind over south Asia. Our study shows that orography plays a major role in determining the time of onset over the Indian region. However, after onset, basic characteristics of propagating convective systems and therefore the monthly precipitation over India, are less sensitive to the presence of orography and are modulated by moist convective processes. 相似文献
65.
In this study, the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission based Microwave Imager estimates (2A12) have been used to compare and contrast the characteristics of cloud liquid water and ice over the Indian land region and the ocean surrounding it, during the premonsoon (May) and monsoon (June–September) seasons. Based on the spatial homogeneity of rainfall, we have selected five regions for our study (three over ocean, two over land). Comparison across three ocean regions suggests that the cloud liquid water (CLW) over the orographically influenced Arabian Sea (close to the Indian west coast) behaves differently from the CLW over a trapped ocean (Bay of Bengal) or an open ocean (equatorial Indian Ocean). Specifically, the Arabian Sea region shows higher liquid water for a lower range of rainfall, whereas the Bay of Bengal and the equatorial Indian Ocean show higher liquid water for a higher range of rainfall. Apart from geographic differences, we also documented seasonal differences by comparing CLW profiles between monsoon and premonsoon periods, as well as between early and peak phases of the monsoon. We find that the CLW during the lean periods of rainfall (May or June) is higher than during the peak and late monsoon season (July–September) for raining clouds. As active and break phases are important signatures of the monsoon progression, we also analysed the differences in CLW during various phases of the monsoon, namely, active, break, active-to-break and break-to-active transition phases. We find that the cloud liquid water content during the break-to-active transition phase is significantly higher than during the active-to-break transition phase over central India. We speculate that this could be attributed to higher amount of aerosol loading over this region during the break phase. We lend credence to this aerosol-CLW/rain association by comparing the central Indian CLW with that over southeast Asia (where the aerosol loading is significantly smaller) and find that in the latter region, there are no significant differences in CLW during the different phases of the monsoon. While our hypothesis needs to be further investigated with numerical models, the results presented in this study can potentially serve as a good benchmark in evaluating the performance of cloud resolving models over the Indian region. 相似文献
66.
The paper presents a constitutive model for simulating the high strain‐rate behavior of sands. Based on the concepts of critical‐state soil mechanics, the bounding surface plasticity theory and the overstress theory of viscoplasticity, the constitutive model simulates the high strain‐rate behavior of sands under uniaxial, triaxial and multi‐axial loading conditions. The model parameters are determined for Ottawa and Fontainebleau sands, and the performance of the model under extreme transient loading conditions is demonstrated through simulations of split Hopkinson pressure bar tests up to a strain rate of 2000/s. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite‐element analysis software Abaqus to analyze underground tunnels in sandy soil subjected to internal blast loads. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of relative density and type of sand and of the depth of tunnel on the variation of stresses and deformations in the soil adjacent to the tunnels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
67.
In this paper string cosmology has been developed in the presence of Brans-Dicke scalar field coupled to Einstein gravity. Solutions are obtained for both geometric andp-string models and physical situations are discussed. 相似文献
68.
Ujjal Debnath Soma Nath Subenoy Chakraborty 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(4):1961-1964
The junction conditions between static and non-static space–times are studied for analysing gravitational collapse in the presence of a cosmological constant. We have discussed about the apparent horizon and their physical significance. We also show the effect of cosmological constant in the collapse and it has been shown that cosmological constant slows down the collapse of matter. 相似文献
69.
Farook Rahaman Subenoy Chakraborty Jayanta Kr. Bera 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(3):595-600
The inhomogeneous Bianchi-I model based on Lyra's geometry has been studied in the cosmological theory in presence of a massless
inhomogeneous scalar field whose potential has a flat part. The field equations are solved using separation of variables and
it is shown that one of the time part of the field equations are solvable for any arbitrary other cosmic scale function. Solutions
for a particular form of cosmic scale (time part) is presented.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
70.
Bhartiya Priyanka Chakraborty Tanusree Basu Dipanjan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(6):2907-2919
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - A detailed parametric study based on linear-elastic three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis with proper raft–soil interaction is performed for... 相似文献