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排序方式: 共有196条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Supawit Yawsangratt Witold Szczuciński Niran Chaimanee Sirapapa Chatprasert Wojciech Majewski Stanis?aw Lorenc 《Natural Hazards》2012,63(1):151-163
The 2004 tsunami deposits and probable paleotsunami deposits were studied at the southern Kho Khao Island, on Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. The 2004 tsunami laid down about 8?cm of fining upward medium sand and locally about 40?cm of massive coarse sand with common mud clasts. The sediments were characterized by the presence of marine foraminiferal assemblage; however, already after 5?years many of carbonate foraminiferal tests were partly or completely dissolved. The probable paleotsunami deposits form layer about 1?m thick. It consists of massive very coarse sand with common big shells and mud clasts. Its composition suggests a marine origin and the presence of mud clasts, and similarity to the 2004 tsunami deposits suggests that the layer was left by paleotsunami, which took place probably during the late Holocene, even though two shells within the layer gave 14C ages of 40,000?years or more. 相似文献
93.
M. Markiewicz J. Henke A. Brillowska-Dąbrowska S. Stolte J. Łuczak C. Jungnickel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(7):1919-1926
Extensive research and increasing number of potential industrial applications made ionic liquids (ILs) important materials in design of new, cleaner technologies. Together with the technological applicability, the environmental fate of these chemicals is considered and significant efforts are being made in designing strategies to mitigate their potential negative impacts. Many ILs are proven to be poorly biodegradable and relatively toxic. Bioaugmentation is known as one of the ways of enhancing the microbial capacity to degrade xenobiotics by addition of specialized strains. The aim of current work was to select microbial species that could be used for bioaugmentation in order to enhance biodegradation of ILs in the environment. We subjected activated sewage sludge to the selective pressure of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([OMIM][Cl]) and isolated nine strains of bacteria which were able to prevail in these conditions. Subsequently, we utilized axenic cultures (pure cultures) of these bacteria as well as mixed consortium to degrade this IL. In addition, we performed growth inhibition tests and found that bacteria were able to grow in 2 mM, but not in 20 mM solutions of [OMIM][Cl]. The biodegradation conducted by the isolated consortium was higher than conducted by the activated sewage sludge when normalized by the cell density, which indicates that the isolated strains seem specifically suited to degrade the IL. 相似文献
94.
Prof. Dr. Ida Valeton 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1965,11(3):217-246
Zusammenfassung Um einen ersten Überblick zu schaffen, wurden 8 Profile aus den Unterkreide-Bauxiten Südfrankreichs untersucht. Diese Bauxite haben sich durch autochthone Bodenbildung auf sedimentdren Tonen, die ihrerseits verkarsteten Kalken aufliegen, gebildet. Bei der Bauxitisierung der Tonsedimente fand sowohl eine vertikale Stoffdifferenzierung durch Bodenhorizontbildung wie eine horizontale Faziesdifferenzierung durch standortsabhängige Milieuunterschiede statt. Vertikale wie horizontale Anderungen von Gefügeeigenschaften, Chemismus und Mineralzusammensetzung sind das Abbild selektiver Lösungs- und Fallungsvorgange. Es sei ausdrücklich betont, daß es sich um die ersten Ergebnisse an Einzelprofilen handelt. Darüber hinaus herrschen in jedem Faziesraum fur rich wieder sehr differenzierte Bilder, deren heute fixierte Dynamik zu erfassen eine zukünftige Aufgabe sei.
8 sections of bauxites from the Lower Cretaceous in southern France have been investigated in order to get a general view. The bauxites have originated by autochthonous soil formation on sedimentary clays, which lie on top of limestones with a karst topography. When the clay sediments were transformed into bauxites a vertical differentiation by formation of soil horizons took place as well as a horizontal differentiation in consequence of local differences of physical and chemical conditions. Vertical as well as horizontal variations of fabric, chemistry and mineral composition represent the selective processes of solution and precipitation by groundwater circulation.相似文献
95.
Ida Bülow Gregersen Hjalte Jomo Danielsen Sørup Henrik Madsen Dan Rosbjerg Peter Steen Mikkelsen Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen 《Climatic change》2013,118(3-4):783-797
Climate change is expected to influence the occurrence and magnitude of rainfall extremes and hence the flood risks in cities. Major impacts of an increased pluvial flood risk are expected to occur at hourly and sub-hourly resolutions. This makes convective storms the dominant rainfall type in relation to urban flooding. The present study focuses on high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) skill in simulating sub-daily rainfall extremes. Temporal and spatial characteristics of output from three different RCM simulations with 25 km resolution are compared to point rainfall extremes estimated from observed data. The applied RCM data sets represent two different models and two different types of forcing. Temporal changes in observed extreme point rainfall are partly reproduced by the RCM RACMO when forced by ERA40 re-analysis data. Two ECHAM forced simulations show similar increases in the occurrence of rainfall extremes of over a 150-year period, but significantly different changes in the magnitudes. The physical processes behind convective rainfall extremes generate a distinctive spatial inter-site correlation structure for extreme events. All analysed RCM rainfall extremes, however, show a clear deviation from this correlation structure for sub-daily rainfalls, partly because RCM output represents areal rainfall intensities and partly due to well-known inadequacies in the convective parameterization of RCMs. The results highlight the problem urban designers are facing when using RCM output. The paper takes the first step towards a methodology by which RCM performance and other downscaling methods can be assessed in relation to the simulation of short-duration rainfall extremes. 相似文献
96.
Janusz Sylwester Zbigniew Kordylewski Stefan Płocieniak Marek Siarkowski Mirosław Kowaliński Stanisław Nowak Witold Trzebiński Marek Śtęślicki Barbara Sylwester Eugeniusz Stańczyk Ryszard Zawerbny Żaneta Szaforz Kenneth J. H. Phillips František Fárník Anatolyi Stepanov 《Solar physics》2015,290(12):3683-3697
97.
The spatial transport of charged particles in the presence of pure slab Alfvén waves, pure isotropic magnetosonic waves and their mixture is considered using Monte Carlo particle simulations. We show that the mean free path of solar cosmic ray protons strongly depends on the assumed spectrum and amplitude of MHD turbulence but much less on the type of the considered waves. It is demonstrated that, for realistic solar wind parameters, the presented wide range wave spectrum models can reproduce the observed mean free path in a particular SEP event but not in a wide range of rigidity characterized by the Palmer's `consensus'. 相似文献
98.
Tadeusz A. Przylibski Magdalena Długosz-Lisiecka Katarzyna Łuszczek Konrad Blutstein 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2023,58(9):1246-1259
We used two different methods of statistical analysis—cluster analysis and principal component analysis—to analyze the concentrations of principal chemical components (Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Ni) and Co in ordinary chondrites. The analysis is based predominantly on published data (metadata). In total, chemical composition data from 646 ordinary chondrites were used in the statistical analysis. The aim of this analysis was to establish whether it would be possible or not to distinguish H, L, and LL chondrites based on the concentrations of major elements and Co in their bulk chemical compositions. It was also important to determine what conclusions such an analysis could enable to draw about matter differentiation in the formation environments of primordial parent bodies of particular ordinary chondrite groups (H, L, and LL). Another aim of the statistical analysis was to determine whether the distribution of Fe and Ni (with Co admixtures) is independent of petrographic types within particular groups of chondrites. This is of crucial importance for determining the distribution of FeNi(Co) ore occurrences in potential extraterrestrial deposits on modern asteroids—the sources of ordinary chondrites. The obtained results of statistical analyses confirmed that a clear-cut distinction between particular groups of ordinary chondrites is only possible for group H, while distinguishing L chondrites from LL chondrites is not always obvious. The results of the statistical analyses relating to the question of the possible existence of several primordial parent bodies (formation environments) of each group of ordinary chondrites are consistent with the results of contemporary astronomical spectroscopy research. What is particularly interesting is obtaining indications of the existence of common formation environments of the matter of L and LL chondrites, possibly on a few primordial parent bodies. The statistical analyses indicate that there is no correlation between the concentration of principal chemical components and the petrographic type of ordinary chondrites. This proves homogenous distributions of these elements within the parent bodies of each group of ordinary chondrites. Hence, the distribution of these elements in individual present-day asteroids is also homogenous. 相似文献
99.
Kamil Tokár Paweł T. Jochym Przemysław Piekarz Jan Łażewski Małgorzata Sternik Krzysztof Parlinski 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(3):251-257
The thermodynamical stability of a newly observed wadsleyite II phase in the Mg2SiO4 system is studied by the density functional theory. The wadsleyite II equation of state has been derived. The phase boundaries of Mg2SiO4 polymorphs: wadsleyite, wadsleyite II and ringwoodite are studied using the quasi-harmonic approximation at high external pressures. Clapeyron slopes determined for wadsleyite II–ringwoodite and wadsleyite–wadsleyite II boundaries are 0.0047 and 0.0058 GPa/K, respectively. It is shown that the wadsleyite II phase is not thermodynamically preferred in the pure Mg2SiO4 system and will probably not occur between wadsleyite and ringwoodite phases. 相似文献
100.
Serena Ceola Alberto Montanari Tobias Krueger Fiona Dyer Heidi Kreibich Ida Westerberg 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(16):2803-2817
ABSTRACTWe explore how to address the challenges of adaptation of water resources systems under changing conditions by supporting flexible, resilient and low-regret solutions, coupled with on-going monitoring and evaluation. This will require improved understanding of the linkages between biophysical and social aspects in order to better anticipate the possible future co-evolution of water systems and society. We also present a call to enhance the dialogue and foster the actions of governments, the international scientific community, research funding agencies and additional stakeholders in order to develop effective solutions to support water resources systems adaptation. Finally, we call the scientific community to a renewed and unified effort to deliver an innovative message to stakeholders. Water science is essential to resolve the water crisis, but the effectiveness of solutions depends, inter alia, on the capability of scientists to deliver a new, coherent and technical vision for the future development of water systems.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned 相似文献