"九五"数字化地震前兆台站整体接入因特网的研究

介绍了如何将"九五"数字化前兆台站设备整体接人因特网,提供了一种非常简便、实用的整体接人方案.台站原来的构成模式没有改变,台网中心和台站熟悉的原工作方式得到了保留,实现了台站网络化的目标,使现有台网在因特网环境下能够正常运行.它能够与"十五"新建的前兆台网进行集成,便于整个台网的统一管理.     

基于灰色关联度模型的区域滑坡敏感性评价

数理统计和机器学习模型如支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)等,在区域滑坡敏感性评价中得到广泛的应用.但这些模型的建模过程往往较复杂,如在对机器学习进行训练和测试时难以选取合理的非滑坡栅格单元,而且有较多的模型参数需要确定.为提高滑坡敏感性评价建模的效率和精度,提出基于灰色关联度的敏感性评价模型.灰色关联度模型能有效计算各比较样本与参考样本之间的定量的关联度,具有建模过程简洁和评价精度高的优点,该模型目前在区域滑坡敏感性评价中的应用还没有引起研究人员的足够关注且有待进一步拓展.拟将灰色关联度模型用于浙江省飞云江流域南田—雅梅图幅(南田地区)的滑坡敏感性评价,并将得到的评价结果与SVM模型的敏感性评价结果作对比分析.结果显示,灰色关联度模型在高和极高敏感区的滑坡预测精度优于SVM模型,而在中等敏感区的滑坡预测精度略低于SVM模型;整体而言,灰色关联度模型对整个南田地区滑坡敏感性分布的预测精度略高于SVM模型.对两个模型建模过程的对比结果显示,灰色关联度模型建模较简单,具有比SVM模型更高的建模效率,为滑坡敏感性评价提供了一种新思路.     

三牙轮钻头内流场数值研究及损坏原因分析

采用时均N－S方程和标准κ-ε紊流模型，在贴体坐标系中对三牙轮钻头内流场进行了数值研究。通过大量的数值试验，其结果表明：现有三牙轮钻头的内流道结构是不合理的，主要表现在内流道诱发“过流断面突变效应”，严重的导致三牙轮钻头内流道的空蚀破坏。     

北大西洋IODP U1313站深海沉积中环境敏感粒度组分研究

通过对北大西洋 IODP U1313站深海沉积序列高密度取样和粒度分析,利用粒级-标准偏差变化算法和EMD方法提取了对环境敏感粒度组分并探讨了气候变化的周期。本文粒度组分可分为细组分( 1.73μm,组分Ⅱ),其中粗组分又分为组分Ⅱ a(1.73~34.26μm)和组分Ⅱ b( >34.26μm)。综合分析认为: 组分Ⅰ为西风环流搬运堆积形成,组分Ⅱ为洋流搬运下沉积形成,组分Ⅱ b虽然含量较低,但能指示冰漂砾事件的发生。比值曲线组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ和组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ a波动幅度较大,可作为反映古气候冷暖波动的敏感指标。对组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ进行EMD分解,结果表明: 在本研究时段内,两指标对地球轨道三要素的周期体现均不明显,而2ka(2.12ka和2.15ka)的亚轨道千年周期是主要的周期之一。依据上述多个指标的波动情况,把研究剖面69.93~115.18mcd(1471.53~2415.60ka)分为9个古气候变化阶段: A阶段(1471.53~1640.09ka),对应深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)49~57,冰期和间冰期迅速转换,发生多次IRD事件; B阶段(1640.09~1865.57ka),对应MIS 58~69,间冰期显著而冰期不明显; C阶段(1865.57~1914.70ka),对应MIS 70~72,冰期显著而间冰期不明显; D阶段(1914.70~2021.13ka),对应MIS 73~76,冰期不显著;E阶段(2021.13~2092.21ka),对应MIS 77~78,冰期显著,发生多次IRD事件; F阶段(2092.21~2226.43ka),对应MIS 79~85,间冰期显著; G阶段(2226.43~2261.53ka),对应MIS 86期,发生多次IRD事件; H阶段(2261.53~2384.61ka),对应MIS 87~93,冰期不显著而间冰期显著; I阶段(2384.61~2415.60ka),对应MIS 94~95,发生多次IRD事件。     

辽宁省城市人居环境系统耦合协调度时空格局演变及驱动力研究

人居环境系统内部的耦合协调是保证人居环境均衡发展的基础。基于“人类-居住-支撑-自然-社会”5个子系统,构建人居环境系统耦合协调发展评价指标体系,将2个系统间的容量耦合模型扩展运用到人居环境5个子系统中,综合熵值法、GIS空间分析以及地理探测器对辽宁省2005~2016年人居环境系统耦合协调度的时空演化特征与驱动力进行探讨,阐述人居环境系统内部协调性。研究表明:①2005~2016年辽宁省人居环境系统内部的耦合度与耦合协调度整体呈缓慢浮动上升趋势;②辽宁省人居环境耦合协调度呈分散格局,并且呈现从中间向两侧递减的“屋脊”式格局和“双核结构”;东西方向上,空间演变趋势由倒U型逐渐向一字型演变,南北方向上由斜线型向“L”型演变。③全省出现了中耦合低协调区、中耦合过渡协调区、高耦合低协调区、高耦合过渡协调区、高耦合高协调区5种类型区。④空间分异驱动力主要包括人的需求、经济发展、住房、互联网发展等。     

Effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties of abandoned farmland on the Loess Plateau,China

To improve the ecological environment in China, the Chinese government implemented a country-wide ecological protection and reforestation project (namely the “Grain for Green Project”) in 1999 to return cultivated land with slopes of 25° or more to perennial vegetation. Vegetation restoration reduces soil erosion mainly by changing the soil physical properties. Different vegetation restoration methods might produce different impacts on soil physical properties. In this study, two vegetation restoration methods (i.e., natural restoration and artificial restoration) were compared on abandoned farmland in the typically hilly and gullied areas of the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. In the natural restoration method, the farmland was abandoned to natural vegetation succession without irrigation, fertilization or other artificial disturbances. In the artificial restoration method, the farmland was planted with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and watered and cultivated for the first two years. Three soil physical properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density and aggregation) were investigated under the two vegetation restoration methods. The results showed that the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under artificial restoration than under natural restoration within the first three years of vegetation restoration. By the fourth year, the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under natural restoration than under artificial restoration. For the stability of soil aggregates?>?0.25 mm, the soil aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer were more stable under artificial restoration than under natural restoration, while the results were the opposite for the 40-60 cm soil layer. Overall, the soil physical properties were continuously improved during the restoration of vegetation on abandoned farmland. In choosing between vegetation restoration methods, natural restoration is preferable to artificial restoration, but artificial intervention is needed during the first three years.     

在中国地震动参数区划图编制中GIS信息系统的应用

编制全国性的地震动参数区划图,涉及到多个学科的大量与空间位置有关的信息,需要对海量空间数据进行有效的存储、处理与统计分析。GIS信息技术适用于存储、管理、分析与表述各种带有空间分布特征的信息。文中介绍了在中国地震动参数区划图编制工作中“GIS信息系统设计专题”的成果。该专题所设计的系统,可充分利用GIS信息技术的各项功能,对编制地震区划图所使用的各种数据从输入、编辑、处理、分析、图形绘制到输出进行系统的、科学的可视化分析与管理。中国地震动参数区划图GIS系统的数据库分为3个子系统1)地震环境及潜在震源区子系统;2)地震动基础资料及衰减关系子系统;3)地震动参数概率计算结果子系统     

河北区域DSQ型水管倾斜仪端点一致性分析

河北区域地震前兆台网6个地震台站配备DSQ型水管倾斜仪进行地倾斜观测,选取2009—2016年记录的观测数据,对水管倾斜仪两端点一致性进行相关性分析。结果表明:各台站水管倾斜仪同一分量2个端点的相关系数、方差及均值、潮汐参数无显著性差异,相关性较高,表征产出的数据稳定、可靠。     

多因素控制的城镇地震灾害应急处置模型研究

随着城镇化水平的快速提高,地震灾害高风险暴露城镇数量将不断增加,震后有效的应急处置尤为重要。而当前城镇的地震应急处置主要依据平时制定的地震应急预案开展,缺乏针对性与可操作性。本文以提升城镇地震灾害应急处置能力为目的,总结以往城镇地震应急处置案例,提炼城镇地震灾害应急处置流程,结合城镇特殊的社会经济、自然地理等特点,在分析影响地震灾害应急处置关键因素的基础上,按地震烈度的不同,研究构建了具有区域特征且操作性较强的城镇地震灾害应急处置模型,为城镇地震应急处置的科学化、规范化提供了参考。     

Hazard degree identification and coupling analysis of the influencing factors on goafs

In China, there are a large number of mined-out area which bring a great hidden danger to the mine enterprise’s safety production and people’s life and property. Therefore, the stability evaluation and the mechanism analysis of goafs have become a hot issue in the study on sustainable development of mining industry. To solve the complexity, concealment, and uncertainty of goaf influencing factors, 14 factors, i.e., rock mass structure, goaf span, exposed area, and so on, were selected as the evaluation indexes according to an iron ore. Then, the hazard evaluation model of goaf was established by using the information entropy and the unascertained measurement (UM) theory to identify the hazard degree, and the hazard importance degree index was put forward by changing the influencing factors and its index value to quantitatively analyze the coupling degree of influencing factors. This paper takes the BFZ-8 goaf as an example to evaluate and analyze the goaf stability. The results show that the evaluation model about UM and the experimental schemes are feasible and practicability, and the UM evaluation grades are consistent with the fuzzy evaluation grades and the actual risk grades in the case of multi-factor coupling. And the experimental results quantitatively reflect the coupling degree of the influencing factors by comparing the relative change rate of the importance degree, and the coupling results are consistent with the actual situation. So, the method can guide the production safety of mine, protect life and property safety of miners, and provide technical support and a new method for hazard degree identification of the goaf.