海南省蓬莱蓝宝石及其形成条件研究

海南省蓬莱是我国著名的蓝宝石产地之一。本文研究了该地蓝宝石的矿物学及化学组成特征，并首次详细研究了蓝宝石的包裹体特征，测定了蓝宝石的形成温度。最后，综合其它证据，对蓝宝石的成因进行了讨论。     

临震预报的广义调制模式

1978年以来,我们提出了短临预报的调制模式。这个模式把震源过程、前兆和外因(如磁暴,固体潮和大气压力变化)有机地结合起来。本文进一步把调制模式广义化,即调制可分:过源调制、过场调制、无震调制和直接调制,调制的对象除地学现象外,把人和生物也包括在内。调制模式预报地震的思想是:大震前震源地方和其附近的调整场区已很不稳定了(有四种不稳定形式),此时平时不起作用的外因也可调制震源过程和触发地震。这种被调制了的震源过程所引起的前兆的出现时间就与外因出现的时间具有一定的相关性。在实际中发现外因出现日期与前兆出现日期同步时(此日称调制显示日或同步日)则预报转入短临阶段。此后要加强观测,特别要注意外因再出现的日期和前兆集中出现的日期发震。     

传播的剪切破裂与另一静态断层的交遇

本文讨论了地震发生时传播的剪切断层遇到横交的粘锁不好的静止断层时的各种情况。文中指出,传播的剪切断层端部有压应力和张应力,静止断层对压应力和张应力的反应是不同的。压应力可以通过静止断层而传入该断层的另一侧介质中(尽管有衰减),但张应力就可能把静止断层拉裂而传不到静止断层的另一侧介质中去。这样,当一个传播的剪切断层在未和静止断层相遇时,它的端部有很高的剪切应力,但越过静止断层后只剩下(或主要剩下)压力所引起的剪切应力了。此时剪切应力大大衰减,因之剪切断层的传播就停止了。当然在断层交会地区介质破碎松软,这也是断裂停止的一个原因。震前确定停止地点有助于确定孕震体的长度,由此可对未来震级大小作出估计。     

地理信息数据分级评价的相对指数熵模型

提出了一种基于相对指数熵的地理信息数据分级评价模型,构建级内相对指数熵与级间指数熵指标,分别量化分级数据级别内集聚水平和级别间的离散水平,并利用这两个指标构建了地理信息数据分级的相对指数熵评价指标。在Python中实现地理信息数据分级以及分级的相对指数熵计算。试验中,应用5种常用的分级方法对5种典型分布的6个数据集以及1个人口普查数据集进行分级,并分别计算分级结果的相对指数熵指标。试验结果表明,在面向不同分布的数据集时,相对指数熵指标能够很好地指示出最优分级方法,并且反映出不同分级方法的细小差异,对于地理信息数据分级的评价是有效的。     

Stratigraphic Framework of the Cryogenian in China

The Cryogenian is a critical period in the history of the Earth. It is marked by multiple extreme climate changes that caused alternating global glacial and interglacial intervals. These dramatically changed the sedimentary system, and metal ores and source rocks distributed widely during this period. Therefore, studying the Cryogenian stratigraphic framework and sedimentary basins is important to improve the stratigraphic resolution for metal mineral and hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration in China. This review paper firstly divides three tectonic-stratigraphic regions in China in the Cryogenian, including the tectonic-stratigraphic regions of Great South China, Xingmeng-Tarim, and North China. Secondly, geochronologic data and geological records are combined to clearly depict the Cryogenian sedimentary sequence of continental blocks and micro-continental blocks in different tectonic-stratigraphic regions. The results were used to propose a new comparison scheme of stratigraphy for the Cryogenian in China. Finally, according to differences of sedimentary evolution and tectonic evolvement, sedimentary basins and their lithofacies paleogeography are identified and summarized, respectively.     

通用三维GIS场数据模型研究与实践

随着三维地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)应用的发展,空中电磁信号场、空气与水体污染场、地下地质属性场等连续、非匀质的三维空间属性场数据进行建模、可视化与分析计算对GIS基础软件提出了新的挑战。已被广泛应用的TIN(triangulated irregular network)与栅格数据属于表面模型,通常用来表达二维场数据,其中由TIN组成的封闭表面可用于表达三维体,但两者都无法描述非匀质、连续变化的三维属性场。探讨了在通用GIS基础软件中基于TIN和Grid进行升维表达,实现不规则四面体网格(tetrahedralized irregular mesh,TIM)和体元栅格(voxel grid)两大类三维空间场数据模型,分析了两类数据模型的特点,探讨了三维场数据在可视化和分析计算方面的关键技术,实现了基于TIM与体元栅格表达和应用三维GIS场数据,完善了GIS三维数据模型体系,实现了空/天、地表、地下全空间的一体化表达、模拟与分析计算。     

Comparative study on Co<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions from different types of alpine meadows during grass exuberance period

Potentilla fruticosa scrub,Kobresia humilis meadow andKobresia tibetica meadow are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the grass exuberance period from 3 July to 4 September, based on close chamber-GC method, a study on CO₂ emissions from different treatments was conducted in these meadows at Haibei research station, CAS. Results indicated that mean CO₂ emission rates from various treatments were 672.09±152.37 mgm^-2h^-1 for FC (grass treatment); 425.41± 191.99 mgm^-2h^-1 for FJ (grass exclusion treatment); 280.36±174.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for FL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); 838.95±237.02 mgm^-2h^-1 for GG (scrub+grass treatment); 528.48±205.67 mgm^-2h^-1 for GC (grass treatment); 268.97±99.72 mgm^-2h^-1 for GL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); and 659.20±94.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for LC (grass treatment), respectively (FC, FJ, FL, GG, GC, GL, LC were the Chinese abbreviation for various treatments). Furthermore,Kobresia humilis meadow,Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow andKobresia tibetica meadow differed greatly in average CO₂ emission rate of soil-plant system, in the order of GG>FC>LC>GC. Moreover, inKobresia humilis meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 42% and 58% of the total respiration of soil-plant system respectively, whereas, inPotentilla fruticosa scrub meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 32% and 68% of total system respiration from GG; 49% and 51% from GC. In addition, root respiration fromKobresia humilis meadow approximated 145 mgCO₂m^-2h^-1, contributed 34% to soil respiration. During the experiment period,Kobresia humilis meadow andPotentilla fruticosa scrub meadow had a net carbon fixation of 111.11 gm^-2 and 243.89 gm^-2, respectively. Results also showed that soil temperature was the main factor which influenced CO₂ emission from alpine meadow ecosystem, significant correlations were found between soil temperature at 5 cm depth and emission from GG, GC, FC and FJ treatments. In addition, soil moisture may be the inhibitory factor of CO₂ emission fromKobresia tibetica meadow, and more detailed analyses should be done in further research.     

新丰江水库1961~1999年小震综合机制解结果分析

采用新丰江水库地区自1961年下半年到1999年底近40年的大量小震，分时段、分块计算小震综合机制解. 运用莫尔应力圆讨论分析水压应力场的作用特点. 小震综合机制统计结果表明，地震的破裂方式由6.1级主震前的走滑型为主转变为主震后的正断型破裂为主；主压应力P轴的方位和倾角随水库水位的不同表现有所差别.      

第四纪钻孔基本属性管理系统的AO实现方法研究

第四纪钻孔与基础地质、水文地质钻孔有所不同，常有更为复杂的测试和实验资料。从第四纪钻孔的基本特征出发，讨论了ArcGIS平台下利用ArcObjects(AO)进行第四纪钻孔属性管理系统的开发，简要说明了系统具有的功能及特色。实践表明，AO具有开发简单、快速、高效、易于扩展等特点，是在ArcGIS上进行相关信息系统研制的有效工具。     

粘土对丙烯基复合吸水树脂性能的影响研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙NN(AA)为原料，以不同粒径的粘士(MMT)为无机填料采用水溶液聚合法合成了复合吸水树脂，讨论了MMT对其吸水性、保水性、韧性、抗温性、抗盐性的影响及其影响机理。结果表明，MMT的粒径越小，吸水树脂吸水倍率越低，韧性、抗盐性、抗温性等性能就越好；可通过调整MMT粒径来提高树脂的综合性能。