山西宁武地区1686年以来年降水重建*

根据山西北部宁武地区的树轮宽度指标,建立了该地区过去318年的树轮STD,RES和ARS年表,发现上年8月至当年7月 (全年)的降水与差值年表(RES)显著相关 (r=0.71, n=50),在此基础上设计了转换方程,重建了宁武地区1686年以来的全年降水,方差解释量达到 48.6％(调整自由度后为46.8％, r=0.697,F=26.471, p<0.0001)。降水量较少的时段为1693~1710年,1720~1764年,1825~1841年,1873~1882年,1901~1930年,1966~1972年和1988~2003年,降水量较多的时段为1711~1720年, 1765~1824年,1842~1872年,1883~1886年和1931~1987年。 历史文献记录的干旱年份在重建序列上均有所反映。重建序列与贺兰山1~7月降水显著相关 (99％置信度下, r=0.312)。功率谱分析表明山西宁武上年8月至当年7月降水含有2.34~2.68年,4.92年,5.26年的显著周期,可能与ENSO活动有关。     

檀头山海底电缆路由工程地质条件及评价

在浙江象山檀头山海底电缆路由勘察中获得的地形测量、侧扫声纳和浅地层剖面探测、工程地质钻探等资料基础上,结合其他自然环境资料对路由勘察区工程地质条件进行了详尽的分析和研究。结果表明,该区域工程环境较适合海缆的铺设,海缆可铺设于勘察区的南部,登陆点附近基岩裸露区和砾石应进行清理、开挖和采取防护措施,海底和冲刷槽边坡稳定,檀头山附近水下浅滩地层中浅层气上冲至海底面以下最浅不足5m,对海底电缆影响不大,但要在开挖施工时引起注意。     

Models for Estimation of Single Leaf Area of Mangrove TreesModels Trees based on Leaf Length and Widthbased Width

Leaf area is an important parameter for modeling plant growth and physiological processes.It is very expensive and difficult for measuring leaf area by means of Leaf Area Meter,therefore,it’s quite necessary to obtain one simple model for estimation of leaf area of mangrove tree.The models for estimation of leaf area of 3 species of mangrove trees were developed based on leaf length and width.Totally,leaf area(LA),leaf length(L)and width(W)were measured from 450 fresh leaves of major three species of mangrove trees in Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Natural Reserve,Fujian province.The actual leaf area of the plant was measured with the help of ArcGIS software and regression model was fitted.The majority of the data(80%)were used for model calibration,and the remaining data(20%)were used for model validation.All the leaf areas of 3 species of mangrove trees had been significant correlation between L,W,L·W,L2,W2and(L+W)2,so the factors could be constructed into a regression model with leaf area.Six models for estimation of leaf area selected were significantly(p0.001)regressed with L,W and the functions of these dimensions.All models were linear relationships.Based on goodness of fit,prediction ability and residual performance,it was found that model 3 could best describe the relationship between leaf area and leaf length and width.By means of regression analysis,the following models were developed:LA=0.28+0.66L·W(R2=0.980)for Kandelia candel,LA=0.09+0.73L·W(R2=0.983)for Avicennia marina,LA=0.52+0.72L·W(R2=0.990)for Aegiceras corniculatum,respectively.The study provided a simple,reliable and non-destructive method for estimating single leaf area.It had a good potential in the functional structural model of mangrove tree.     

Tree-ring-based drought variability in northern China over the past three centuries

Droughts are the most frequent natural disaster in regions at the margins of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM),which pose threats to agriculture,the economy,and human lives.However,the limitations of only approximately 60 years of meteorological ob-servations hamper our understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of local hydro-climate.Trees growing in the marginal region of the EASM are usually sensitive to moisture variations and have played important roles in past hydroclimatic reconstructions.Here,a 303-year tree-ring-width chronology of Pinus tabulaeformis from Mt.Lama,which is located in the junction of the Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia,China,was used to reconstruct the May-August Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) in the marginal region of the EASM.The transfer function explains 48.0％ (or 47.2％ after adjusting for the loss of the degrees of freedom) of the variance over the calibration period from 1946 to 2012.A spatial correlation analysis demonstrates that our PDSI reconstruction can represent the drought variability on the northernmost margin of the EASM.The winter Asian polar vortex area index showed a delayed impact on the summer EASM precipitation in the following year.     

Discrete Element Analysis of Huangtupo Landslide

On the basis of the deep geology and the geological structure of Huangtupo landslide,and ancient landslide in the reservoir of the Three Gorges,the geo-environmental model of the landslide is es-tablished to analyze quantitatively the sliding mechanism by using the discrete element method.It is con-cluded that interbedding structure of soft and hard formation consists of the main geological background,which induced the arching of the formation under gravity.Stability analysis of different loadings shows that the ground building weight on the middle slope may restrain the extension of shear sliding zone be-low,but may activate the foot area which will reduce the safety factor of the front.     

岩溶水流系统识别方法及其在引调水工程隧洞选线中的应用

某国家重大引调水工程引水隧洞将穿越聚龙山向斜可溶岩地层,可能面临严重岩溶涌突水问题。为了查明隧洞突涌水条件,选择岩溶水害风险较低的引水方案,综合采用岩溶水文地质调查、水化学与同位素分析等方法对聚龙山向斜岩溶水流系统特征进行了识别。结果表明：聚龙山向斜含水系统具有“两含夹一隔”的多层结构,下部二叠系主要为埋藏型岩溶弱发育区,而上部三叠系裸露型岩溶区中发育了具有多级水流系统的巨型岩溶汇水盆地。穿聚龙山向斜段工程论证的3个方案中,A线方案从向斜西段岩溶水系统的补给区穿越,隧洞穿可溶岩段长度短、且全部为埋藏型岩溶,剖面上绕避了三叠系岩溶汇水盆地,发生岩溶涌突水的风险低;而B线方案和C线方案均进入了三叠系岩溶汇水盆地,穿越裸露型可溶岩段的长度大,遭遇高压岩溶突水的风险高,故推荐A线引水方案。研究成果可为引水隧洞线路比选提供科学依据,对类似深埋长隧洞工程建设也具有参考价值。     

滑坡分维特征及其预测意义

本文依据分形理论，采用盒维数法计算了西藏樟木地区滑坡及其水系的空间分维。分析了分维的变化特征。发现滑坡高潮期前存在不同幅度的降维现象，滑坡区滑坡活动程度不同，其水系分维在不同观察尺度下变化幅度有显着的差别。探讨了分维的预测意义。     

油松年轮记录的河北围场公元1884年以来5～6月平均温度

相关函数分析表明,河北围场的油松年轮宽度指数与 5～6月平均温度显著相关,在此基础上,设计转换方程,重建了该地区1884年至2002年当年5月至6月的平均温度,重建序列的方差解释量达到43.7%(调整自由度后为41.3%)。重建温度序列表明,温度低于多年(1884～2002年)平均温度的时段主要有 1897～1901年、1913～1923年、1949～1978年和 1992～1995年; 高于多年平均温度的时段主要有 1884～1896年、1902～1912年、1924～1942年和 1979～1992年。重建的温度序列具有较大的区域代表性,它与陕西南五台 5～7月温度显著相关,年际尺度上相关系数为r＝0.18(N＝119,p<0.05),它也与由历史文献记录划分的大同北京二地旱涝指数及亚洲太平洋年代际涛动指数(PDO)均显著相关,表明重建序列在一定程度上反映了大范围的气候变化状况。     

长春莲花山发现锶富集区

正1研究目的(Objective)长春市是吉林省省会城市,肩负着东北老工业基地振兴和东北亚国际商务服务基地的重任,依据长吉交通优势,在长春莲花山地区建设生态农业和现代服务业产业带。富集偏硅酸(H_2SiO_3)和锶(Sr)地下水的发现使长春市莲花山地区在城市经济发展中具有资源优势,矿泉水的开发具有较高的经济价值和社会效益。因此,研究其分布规律对地方经济发展具有助推作用。