1991年江淮流域持续暴雨的大范围平均云量特征

利用ＧＭＳ－４卫星的ＩＲ数据提取的大范围平均云量和平均ＴＢＢ（亮温）资料及部分常规资料，对１９９１年５－７月发生在江淮地区的特大暴雨过程进行分析，结果表明，梅雨锋的建立及所带来的强降水与印度西南季风及南海季风的活动有密切的关系。      

物种的溶液状态及其对分析反应性能的影响

收集了1986～1991年间参考文献,评述了物种的溶液状态及其对分析反应性能的影响,并论述其进展及代表性工作。内容包括概述、研究溶液状态的方法(其中含测定缔合数、缔合度的新方法)及其在分析化学中的应用(包括新型掩蔽剂、液相化学发光、氧化态和还原态的转换、溶剂效应、吸附与解吸、物种缔合的应用)。引用文献79篇。     

基于峰前和峰后能量演化特征的岩石脆性评价

为了准确评价油气储藏水力压裂及岩爆等工程中岩石的脆性,总结了目前国内外已有的基于能量理论计算岩石脆性的方法,并指出了它们的局限性.综合考虑岩石峰前和峰后的能量演化特征,建立了一种基于全应力应变曲线的反映岩石变形破坏全过程的脆性指数评价方法,更加全面地描述岩石的脆性特征.为了验证新方法的合理性,收集了4组岩石力学试验对新指数进行检验.试验结果表明:由峰前指数与峰后指数合成的脆性指数都随着围压的增加而减小,低围压下煤岩和页岩2组均具有较强的脆性,而高围压下红砂岩和页岩1组的脆性明显减弱,表现了随围压增大岩石发生脆延转换的特性.在实际边坡工程中通过对板岩进行脆性评价,验证了本文所提出的脆性指数在工程应用中的合理性,该成果有望对岩石脆性评价提供参考.      

A method for prevent water inrush from karst collapse column: a case study from Sima mine,China

Mining-induced groundwater inrush could result in serious economic losses and casualties. This disaster usually depends on geological structure, such as the karst collapse column (KCC). It could reduce the aquifuge thickness, causing a great risk of water bursting. In order to assess the impact of mining on the KCC, we have developed a complete set of methods, including three-dimensional seismic exploration, connectivity experiment, water injection experiment in two sidewalls, numerical simulation based on Drucker–Prager (D–P) elastoplastic damage theory. This method is used to test the size, type and the damage thickness of the KCC named DX1 in Sima mine, and the results indicate that the type of DX1 is good cementation. In addition, under the influence of the shear stress at the coal wall and the unloading at the goaf, a significant compressive damage zone with a large damage thickness will form at the sidewall of the KCC. As the roof collapses, the backfill is compacted and the maximum damage thickness gradually moves to the other side of the KCC. Eventually, an asymmetric inverted saddle-shaped damage distribution is formed with a maximum compression damage depth of 32.5 m. The results provide a basis for preventing water inrush from KCC.     

Suitability of data preprocessing methods for landslide displacement forecasting

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - Data preprocessing is an indispensable step for landslide displacement forecasting, which is an effective approach for predicting the...     

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on the origin of ocean island basalts

Understanding the origin of ocean island basalts(OIB) has important bearings on Earth's deep mantle.Although it is widely accepted that subducted oceanic crust, as a consequence of plate tectonics, contributes material to OIB's formation, its exact fraction in OIB's mantle source remains ambiguous largely due to uncertainties associated with existing geochemical proxies. Here we show, through theoretical calculation, that unlike many known proxies, triple oxygen isotope compositions(i.e.D^(17 )O) in olivine samples are not affected by crystallization and partial melting. This unique feature, therefore, allows olivine D^(17 )O values to identify subducted oceanic crusts in OIB's mantle source. Furthermore, the fractions of subducted ocean sediments and hydrothermally altered oceanic crust in OIB's mantle source can be quantified using their characteristic D^(17 )O values. Based on published D^(17 )O data, we estimated the fraction of subducted oceanic crust to be as high as 22.3% in certain OIB, but the affected region in the respective mantle plume is likely to be limited.     

Effect of extracellular polymeric substances on the phosphorus adsorption characteristics of sediment particles

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have a great impact on the characteristics of sediment particles and their environmental effects in hydro-environmental systems, yet little effort has been made to study the considerable variability in the element adsorption process of sediment particles caused by EPS. Understanding the variability of the adsorption characteristics of sediment particles associated with EPS and quantifying the scale of the adsorption isotherm parameters are important for understanding how EPS mediate sediment properties and environmental factors. In this paper, isothermal equilibrium adsorption experiments are done on phosphorus to study the influence of EPS on the adsorption characteristics of sediment particles, and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm is applied to analyze the adsorption rule of sediment particles under the impact of EPS. The current research demonstrates that significant differences will take place in the adsorption characteristics of sediments coated with EPS at different development phases and the phosphorus adsorption capacity of sediment particles increases with the growth of EPS. The difference in the adsorption percentage between sediment particles coated with EPS of 0 and 6 weeks growth time is about 42%–60% for different initial aqueous phosphorus concentration. A formula describing the adsorption isotherm parameter of the maximum material (element) adsorption capacity of sediment particles change over time is further proposed based on the experimental data. The current study provides some evidence for the interaction of sediment particles, EPS, and adsorbed elements in the water environment.     

新时期我国煤矿地下空间综合利用现状及展望

我国煤炭资源的长期大规模开采,产生了大量的地下空间,直接一关了之不仅造成地下空间资源浪费,还可能产生一系列安全、环境及经济问题,因此,如何科学、高效地解决煤矿地下空间的综合开发利用问题,对煤炭产业乃至国民经济的发展具有重要现实意义。笔者等以主要产煤省份为代表,结合调研收集的最新生产煤矿和关闭煤矿数据,深入分析了“十三五”期间生产煤矿地下空间和关闭煤矿地下空间总体情况,系统总结了国内外煤矿地下空间在储物、储能等方面的功能化利用现状,指出了当前我国煤矿地下空间利用存在资源数据信息匮乏、整体开发利用率低、相关技术研究工作仍相对滞后、可供推广借鉴的成熟示范工程较少等问题,提出了新时期煤矿地下空间基础数据库建设、利用体系构建、关键技术攻关、示范工程推广4个方面作为重点发展方向。     

挤扩支盘桩的成桩机理及其应用前景

基于试验研究,重点论述了挤扩支盘桩的成桩机理,在力特点及荷载随沉降过程扣综合反应,指出了挤扩支盘桩的应用前景。通过静载试验及已建工程经验证明,挤扩支盘桩具有极大的承载力和较低的工程造价,并广泛适用于各种工程地质条件。     

Surface Microtextures of Slipping Zone Soil of Some Landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir District and Their Significance

The mineral assemblage and content and surface microtextures of slipping zone soil of several landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir District have been analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). All the mineral assemblages are similar in these landslides. The main minerals are montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz and feldspar. There are two kinds of surface microtexture in the slipping zone soil, i.e., linear scratches and arcuate scratches. Based on analyses of the changes of the microtextures, one can obtain information about the number, directions and stages of landslide movements. The authors have also studied the mechanism of landslide formation, evaluated the stability of landslides and revival possibility of ancient landslides and forecasted the activity of similar landslides in different districts. The surface microtexture features of stable landslides and mobile landslides are summarized and it is concluded that the existence of filam