基于局部一维模型与走时标定的区域 三维速度模型构建技术研究

构建区域介质三维速度模型并以之获得准确的区域震相走时, 是提高区域地震定位精度的重要手段之一. 为充分利用已有的一维模型、 GT事件、 地质资料等实现三维模型构建, 尝试基于目标区域内已有的部分局部一维模型, 通过克里金空间插值建立初始三维模型, 然后利用GT事件走时数据并参考其它地震地质资料对其不断进行修正, 使得其走时偏差图与GT事件走时偏差图一致, 进而获得能够提高区域地震定位精度的三维模型. 使用不同模型进行的地震定位实验表明, 以此方法建立的三维模型的定位偏差较初始模型减少约20%, 较好地起到了减小区域震相走时残差, 提高区域地震定位精度的作用.      

镭、氡同位素示踪调水调沙对黄河口水体运移及营养盐分布特征的影响

为研究调水调沙影响下的镭、氡同位素和营养盐在黄河口的分布特征,于2013年7月调水调沙期间在黄河口及其邻近海域进行了多点的连续观测。研究发现:(1)黄河口海域镭、氡同位素分布呈现明显的“分区”现象,南北两区分别为“调水调沙影响非显著区域”和“调水调沙影响显著区域”,北部海域镭、氡同位素浓度高值主要来源于陆源输入(包括河流输入和海底地下水排放);(2)调查期间,北部海域水体年龄为(2.9±1.6)d,南部海域水体年龄为(5.0±2.1)d;水龄随潮汐变化表现出涨潮时水龄增大、落潮时水龄减小的波动趋势;(3)北部海域溶解无机氮(DIN)和溶解硅(DSi)含量明显高于南部海域,而溶解无机磷(DIP)在两个区域的含量相差不大。     

降水和开采变化对石家庄地下水流场影响强度

为能精确识别降水和开采对石家庄地下水流场影响强度,应用小波变换和相关分析等研究方法,对区域平均地下水位、地下水降落漏斗面积及中心水位与降水和开采变化之间的互动特征进行了研究。结果表明:① 1961—1973年期间,平均地下水位随降水量增大呈幂函数递减趋势;1974—2010年期间,降水量每减小100 mm,漏斗中心水位下降速率增大7.35 m,平均地下水位下降速率增大2.15 m;② 1961—1973年期间,开采量每增加1亿m3,平均地下水位下降0.28 m,漏斗面积扩大11.74 km2,中心水位下降0.52 m,1974年以来累计超采量每增加1亿m3,漏斗面积增幅1.52 km2,中心水位降幅0.18 m;③ 降水量每减小100 mm,降水贡献度减弱3.0%,人类开采影响强度增大2.76%。     

东营凹陷北带东部古近系近岸水下扇储集物性演化及其油气成藏模式

以东营凹陷北带东部沙河街组三段、四段近岸水下扇为例,应用多种方法求取近岸水下扇有效储层物性下限与埋藏深度的定量函数关系,以此为基础研究了近岸水下扇不同亚相的孔隙度随深度的演化及其对油气成藏的控制作用。埋藏深度小于3200m的近岸水下扇扇根、扇中、扇缘亚相均发育有效储层,主要形成"自生自储"或"古生新储"型构造油气藏或构造-岩性油气藏。埋藏深度大于3200m的近岸水下扇扇根砂砾岩物性低于有效储层物性下限,不发育有效储层,可作为油气侧向封堵层,扇中砂砾岩有效储层发育。物性变化使扇中亚相依靠扇根的侧向封堵和湖相泥岩的封盖形成"自生自储"型岩性油气藏,具有"扇缘输导、扇中富集、扇根封堵"的油气成藏特征。     

云南个旧锡多金属矿床锡石矿物化学特征及其成因意义

云南个旧锡多金属矿床处于滇东南锡矿带的西端,是全球最大的锡多金属矿床之一。锡石作为个旧锡矿床中最主要的矿石矿物,其矿物化学特征对矿床成因具有重要的指示意义。本文运用扫描电镜、电子探针等手段对个旧锡多金属矿床中6种不同类型矿石中的锡石进行了详细的内部结构和矿物化学特征研究,并对其可能的成因进行了探讨。扫描电镜研究结果发现,除层间氧化矿型锡石较破碎外,其余类型锡石内部均发育有明显的环带结构。电子探针分析结果显示：各类型矿石中锡石的SnO₂质量分数变化范围为97.700%~101.728%;Ta₂O₅、FeO、ZrO₂、HfO₂平均质量分数较高,指示锡石形成于高温热液环境;（Fe+Mn）/（Nb+Ta）显示个旧锡矿区各类型矿石中的锡石具有热液锡石的特征,且各类型锡石中Nb₂O₅和MnO的质量分数极低,说明成矿热液可能来自于高度分异的花岗质岩浆,而Nb、Ta质量分数说明成矿作用发生于酸性-弱酸性环境中;In₂O₃质量分数显示了成矿温度及压力从块状硫化物型矿石、矽卡岩型矿石、电气石细脉带型矿石、含锡白云岩型矿石到层间氧化矿型矿石有逐渐降低的趋势;云英岩型矿石中锡石的In₂O₃质量分数较高还需进一步论证。锡石形成过程中岩浆热液物理化学条件的变化导致其内部环带结构的形成,电子探针数据显示锡石的环带结构中化学成分呈"锯齿状"变化,显示成矿作用发生于动荡的环境中,说明锡石沉淀具有多期多阶段的特征。     

Status of land use intensity in China and its impacts on land carrying capacity

Land use intensity quantifies the impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems, which have become the major driver of global environmental change, and thus it serves as an essential measurement for assessing land use sustainability. To date, land-change studies have mainly focused on changes in land cover and their effects on ecological processes, whereas land use intensity has not yet received the attention it deserves and for which spatially-explicit representation studies have only just begun. In this paper, according to the degree and reversibility of surface disturbance by human activities, there are four main classes of land use intensity: artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land. These were further divided into 22 subclasses based on key indicators, such as human population density and the cropping intensity. Land use intensity map of China at a 1-km spatial resolution was obtained based on satellite images and statistical data. The area proportions of artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land were 0.71%, 19.36%, 58.93%, and 21%, respectively. Human and economic carrying capacity increased with the increase of land use intensity. Artificial land supports 24.58% and 35.62% of the total population and GDP, using only 0.71% of the total land, while semi-artificial land supported 58.24% and 49.61% of human population and GDP with 19.36% of China’s total land area.     

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Dating for Felsic Granulite, Huangtuling Area, North Dabieshan: Constraints on Timing of Its Protolith and Granulite-Facies Metamorphism, and Thermal Events in Its Provenance

Information about the protolith of the Huangtuling granulite in North Dabieshan has been unavailable. The complex evolution history of the rock and its host basement must be further discussed. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating was conducted on three textural domains in zircon from a high-temperature, high-pressure felsic granulite in the Huangtuling area, North Dabieshan, Central China. The metamorphic growth-derived detrital zircon domain yields a 207Pb/206Pb age in the range of (2 493±54) -(2 500±180) Ma. The magmatic genesis-derived detrital zircon domain gives a 207Pb/206Pb age ranging from 2 628 Ma to 2 690 Ma, with an oldest 206Pb/238U age of (2 790±150) Ma. The metamorphic overgrowth or metamorphic recrystallization zircon domain yields a dicsordia with an upper intercept age of (2 044.7±29.3) Ma. Compositions of the mineral assemblage, major element geochemistry, and especially the complex interior texture of the zircon suggest that the prololith of the felsic granulite is of sedimentary origin. Results show that the protolith material of the granulite came from a provenance with a complex thermal history, i.e. ～2.8 Ga magmatism and ～2.5 Ga metamorphism, and was deposited in a basin not earlier than 2.5 Ga. The high-temperature and high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphic age was precisely constrained at (2.04±0.03) Ga, which indicates the granulite in Huangtuling area should be a relict of a Paleoproterozoic UHT (ultrahigh temperature) metamorphosed slab.     

山西五台山地区早前寒武纪年代构造格架

根据作者等近１０多年来在五台山地区的早前寒武纪同位素地质研究，采用单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ、单颗粒结石蒸发Ｐｈ、常规钻石Ｕ．Ｐｈ、全岩Ｐｈ－Ｐｈ、全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、全岩Ｓｉｎ．Ｎｄ和角门石４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ等多种同位素测年方法获得的２７个数据，并以单粒颗锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ法的９个年龄作为定年的基准，通过与其它同位素测年结果相互印证的综合研究，遂对五台山地区早前寒武纪重大地质事件年代给予了更进一步的限定，同时勾勒出了它的年代构造格架。