Sedimentary Facies Architectures of Third-Order Sequences from Early to Middle Triassic in Nanpanjiang Basin

There are complex and regular changes on sedimentary facies from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. After the obvious drowned event of carbonate platforms in the transitional period between Permian and Triassic, carbonate platforms have evolved into the ramp type from the rimmed-shelf type. The differentiation of sedimentary facies becomes dearer in space, which are marked by the changes from an attached platform to a turbidity basin and several isolated platforms in the basin. The striking characteristics are the development of oolitic banks on isolated platforms in Nanning and Jingxi and the reef- and bank-limestones in the margin of the attached platform in the Early Triassic. Despite the difference of the time-span and the architectnre of fades succession of third-order sedimentary sequences, the process of the third-order relative sea-level changes reflected by the sedimentary facies succession of the third-order sequences is generally synchronous. Therefore, six third-order sequences could be discerned in the strata from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. Using two types of facies changing surfaces and two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records as the key elements, the sedimentary facies architectures of the third-order sequences that represent sequence stratigraphic frameworks from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin could be constructed.     

黄河源区土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）研究

利用遥感（RS）监测手段和地理信息系统（GIS）技术,获取了黄河源区在1975、1990、和2005年3个时期的土地利用/覆盖数据,并通过叠加分析,获得了该地区土地利用/覆盖的时空转移特征. 此外,通过县级行政区对源区各县域内的土地利用/覆盖变化特征进行了统计分析,以期为该地区的环境管理提供科学依据. 结果表明：在1975-2005年间,黄河源区的环境退化非常明显,土地利用/覆盖变化主要表现为耕地、沙地、滩地和水库、坑塘面积增加;沼泽地面积减小;高覆盖度草地面积减小,中、低覆盖度草地面积增加. 从县级行政区划上来看,耕地的增加主要分布于贵南、同德和泽库三个县;林地面积在玛沁和甘德两县有大面积的减小趋势;新增的沙地主要分布在玛多、共和、曲麻莱和若尔盖县;新增水库、坑塘则主要分布于共和、和贵南两县;沼泽地面积的减少绝大部分发生在若尔盖县;高覆盖度草地在甘德和玛沁两县增加非常明显,但在玛曲、玛多、达日、兴海、阿坝、若尔盖、红原等县均有大面积的减小趋势. 因此,在黄河源区开展环境保护或环境治理工作,应根据不同区域的具体环境问题采取相应的治理措施.     

WRF模式对江苏如东地区风速预报的检验分析

探讨了WRF模式在风电场的风速或者功率预报中应用的可行性, 主要研究和评估了WRF模式对地处东亚季风区及海陆交界的江苏如东地区夏季和冬季风速的短期预报效能。研究发现WRF模式可以比较好地预报如东站冬季的风速, 24 h预报的风速时间序列和观测资料的相关系数可以达到0.61, 通过置信度99%的检验, 48 h和72 h的预报与观测风速相关系数分别为0.54和0.47, 也能通过置信度99%的检验;相对而言, 模式对夏季风速的预报则要差一些, 24 h的相关系数有0.59, 48 h和72 h的相关系数只有0.47和0.30, 但仍能通过置信度99%的检验。在量值上, 模式预报的风速比观测值都略偏大一些。而江苏南通市预报结果显示, 模式的预报效能要比如东稍高一些, 和如东类似, 模式对该地冬季的预报要好于对夏季风速的预报。从更大尺度范围的分析也表明, 模式对不同地区预报的准确度是不一样的, 对海面以及海陆交界的海岸预报精度要高一些, 在平坦的内陆地区预报也比较好, 但在山区预报效能则较差。总体说来, WRF能胜任风速短期预报, 值得进一步研究和应用。     

The Weakening of the Asian Monsoon Circulation after the End of 1970＇s

The transition of the global atmospheric circulation in the end of 1970＇s can clearly be detected in the atmospheric temperature, wind velocity, and so on. Wavelet analysis reveals that the temporal scale of this change is larger than 20 years. Studies in this work indicate that the trend of the transition over the mid-latitude Asia is opposite to that of global average for some variables at the middle troposphere. Another finding of this research is that the African-Asian monsoon circulation is weaker and the trade wind over the tropical eastern Pacific is weaker as well after this transition. Such a signal may be found in the summer precipitation over China as well.     

Impacts of Cumulus Convective Parameterization Schemes on Summer Monsoon Precipitation Simulation over China

By using the Betts-Miller-Janjic, Grell-Devenyi, and Kain-Fritsch cumulus convective parameterization schemes in theWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, long time simulations from 2000 to 2009 are conducted to investigate the impacts of different cumulus convective parameterization schemes on summer monsoon precipitation simulation over China. The results show that all the schemes have the capability to reasonably reproduce the spatial and temporal distributions of summer monsoon precipitation and the corresponding background circulation. The observed north-south shift of monsoon rain belt is also well simulated by the three schemes. Detailed comparison indicates that the Grell-Devenyi scheme gives a better performance than the others. Deficiency in simulated water vapor transport is one possible reason for the precipitation simulation bias.     

Strengthened Relationship between the Antarctic Oscillation and ENSO After the Mid-1990s during Austral Spring

This paper documents a decadal strengthened co-variability of the Antarctic Oscillation(AAO)and ENSO in austral spring after the mid-1990 s.During the period 1979–93,the ENSO(AAO)spatial signatures are restricted to the tropics–midlatitudes(Antarctic–midlatitudes)of the Southern Hemisphere(SH),with a weak connection between the two oscillations.Comparatively,after the mid-1990 s,the El Ni o-related atmospheric anomalies project on a negative AAO pattern with a barotropic structure in the mid–high latitudes of the SH.The expansion of El Ni o-related air temperature anomalies have a heightened impact on the meridional thermal structure of the SH,contributing to a weakened circumpolar westerly and strengthened subtropical jet.Meanwhile,the ENSO-related southern three-cell circulations expand poleward and then strongly couple the Antarctic and the tropics.Numerical simulation results suggest that the intensified connection between ENSO and SST in the South Pacific since the mid-1990 s is responsible for the strengthened AAO–ENSO relationship.     

湘西北地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩物质组成特征与页岩气潜力分析

为了研究湘西北龙山-永顺地区上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气资源勘探潜力,利用野外典型露头地质剖面资料,通过对典型剖面页岩样品的系统观测、采样、利用有机地球化学和矿物组成特征研究,评价研究区目标地层页岩的成烃成藏物质基础。研究结果表明,研究区五峰-龙马溪组黑色泥页岩普遍具有有机碳含量高、残留可溶有机质氯仿沥青"A"低、生烃潜能S₁+S₂指数略低。分子生物标志化合物分析显示,正构烷烃无明显奇偶优势,受一定程度的微生物降解影响,多表现为双峰型（C₁₈/C₂₅）,∑C₂₁-/∑C₂₂₊值为0.45~1.11,显示轻烃组分缺失,重烃组分占绝对优势;Pr/Ph值范围在0.27~0.44,具有植烷优势,显示原始有机质发育于较强还原沉积环境。烃源岩样品饱和烃组成相对丰度五环三萜烷 > 三环萜烷 > 四环萜烷,三环萜烷中C₂₁、C₂₃、C₂₄呈倒V字形分布,Ts/Tm为0.39~0.66。C₂₇规则甾烷含量略大于C₂₉规则甾烷,显示沉积母质以浮游生物及海洋型自养菌为主,亦含有部分藻类为主的有机质输入。镜质组反射率Ro均在2.57%~3.01%,普遍小于3%,已经达到了过成熟阶段。全岩矿物组成成分分析显示,页岩中脆性矿物为主要组成成分,其次为黏土矿物。综合页岩有机和无机物质组成分析结果,提出研究区湘西北五峰-龙马溪组页岩具备页岩气成烃成藏的物质条件基础,有机质含量高、热演化程度适中、脆性和吸附性较好,为深入开展页岩气勘探目标区优选奠定了工作基础。     

基于三角形网格的气象场等值线自动分析

针对矩形网格法的不足，提出了用三角形网格法实现气象场等值线自动分析方法。通过对站点资料的边界插值、三角形剖分等处理后，再在剖分出来的三角形网格中按照一定方式连接等值线即可实现等值线的自动分析。给出了等值线自动生成算法，并将实例的分析结果同Grads绘制图进行对比分析。结果表明，该方法不仅有效可行，而且分析的结果更为精确合理。     

大兴安岭北段扎兰屯地区晚古生代早期花岗质岩浆作用——对额尔古纳 兴安地块和松嫩地块拼合时限的制约

扎兰屯地区位于二连 贺根山 黑河构造带中段,区内发育韧性变形叠加的晚古生代早期花岗岩类。本文在详尽的野外地质调查基础上,对该套花岗岩类的锆石U- Pb年代学和地球化学进行系统分析,研究其成岩年代序列,探讨岩石成因及构造背景,厘定韧性构造叠加的时限,进一步揭示扎兰屯地区额尔古纳 兴安地块和松嫩地块的拼合过程,为兴蒙造山带的区域构造演化研究提供新材料。大量年代学研究显示,扎兰屯地区晚古生代早期花岗质岩浆作用发生于405~325Ma之间,该作用可进一步细化为早中泥盆世(Ⅰ期、405~380Ma)、晚泥盆世—早石炭世初(Ⅱ期、365~350Ma)和早石炭世晚期(Ⅲ期335~325Ma)等3期。其中Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期花岗岩类属高钾—钾玄质钙碱性、准铝质—弱过铝质花岗岩类,可能为俯冲背景下岛弧岩浆活动形成的I型 分异I型花岗岩;Ⅲ期花岗岩类属中—高钾钙碱性、准铝质—弱过铝质花岗岩类,可能为后碰撞背景下岩浆活动形成的分异I型- A型花岗岩。该套花岗岩类普遍叠加韧性变形,可能为碰撞后侧向逃逸作用的产物,变形时限为晚石炭世末—早二叠世(308~290Ma)。大兴安岭北段晚古生代早期花岗质岩浆作用与额尔古纳 兴安地块和松嫩地块的碰撞拼合作用有关,扎兰屯地区二者的碰撞拼合时限可能为早石炭世中期。     

Seasonal and Extraseasonal Predictions of Summer Monsoon Precipitation by Gcms

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