GNSS广播协调世界时偏差误差评估方法与分析

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)广播协调世界时偏差误差(UTCOE)近年来成为卫星导航供应商和用户关注的焦点之一。本文研究了UTCOE的定义,提出了基于中科院国家授时中心保持的协调世界时UTC(NTSC)和国际权度局(BIPM)时间公报的UTCOE间接评估方法,并采用GPS UTCOE直接评估方法对该方法的有效性进行了验证,给出了评估的不确定度预算。利用搭建的GNSS系统时间偏差监测系统输出数据,评估了BDS、GPS、GLONASS的UTCOE。在2018年全年的评估周期内,BDS UTCOE的均方根(RMS)为17.33 ns。BDS、GPS、GLONASS 3大系统的UTCOE的95%统计值分别为35.47、2.08以及8.64 ns。结果表明,BDS、GPS和GLONASS的UTCOE都符合性能承诺,但GPS远优于系统承诺,GLONASS次之,BDS的UTCOE结果临界,且呈现出明显的系统误差特性。BDS的UTCOE具有较大的提升空间。     

北斗三号导航定位技术体制与服务性能

介绍了北斗三号系统的星座设计、服务类型、导航信号体制、时空基准以及轨道确定与时间同步机制等技术体制,分析提出了评估北斗三号导航定位服务性能的指标体系,指标涵盖时空基准、空间信号质量、空间信号精度和服务性能4个方面,综合利用全球数据资源对北斗三号基本系统的导航定位服务性能进行了评估。结果显示,各信号分量有效功率比偏差优于0.25dB,S曲线过零点偏差(SCB)优于0.3ns,满足设计要求;北斗三号基本系统当前全球位置精度因子(PDOP)可用性优于85.0%,空间信号测距误差0.48m(RMS),空间信号连续性99.99%,空间信号可用性99.78%,UTC偏差误差优于19.1ns(95%),均满足系统服务性能规范承诺的指标。相对于北斗二号而言,北斗三号在覆盖能力、空间信号精度、空间信号可用性、空间信号连续性等方面均有显著提升。     

陕西省主要煤矿区地面塌陷表现形式及其遥感响应

煤炭资源的开采引发的地面塌陷,已成为制约矿区可持续发展的重要因素。陕西省主要煤矿区地面塌陷问题严重,且随着煤炭生产规模的扩大呈现更加严重的趋势。其主要表现形式有：塌陷盆地、塌陷坑、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌等,并引发地形地貌、植被变化及居民点变迁等。针对陕西省主要煤矿区开发状况及地面塌陷表现形式,对地面塌陷形成的地质灾害遥感响应特征进行了分析,认为利用遥感图像可以有效识别塌陷坑、地裂缝、崩塌等直接标志及地貌变化、居民地变迁、植被变化等间接标志,并以此确定地面塌陷的范围;利用多时相遥感资料对比能够获得塌陷区动态变化信息,为研究矿区塌陷规律及灾害防治提供科学依据。     

黄河源区白河基流分割方法适用性分析

基流是黄河径流的重要补给来源, 对源区水资源规划和生态环境建设具有重要作用。以黄河源区白河流域为研究区, 利用唐克水文站1981 - 2015年的实测日径流资料, 采用常用的5类12种数值模拟法, 进行基流分割并比较分析其适用性。结果表明： 12种方法估算的基流指数（Baseflow index, BFI）差异明显, Lyne-Hollick滤波法计算的BFI值最大, 为0.91; 加里宁法计算的BFI值最小, 为0.39; Eckhardt滤波法的标准差和极值比最小, 稳定性最好; 加里宁法的标准差和极值比最大, 稳定性最差; 对1992年（丰水年）日径流过程进行分割, Chapman滤波法、 Chapman-Maxwell滤波法和加里宁法的基流过程线平滑缓慢, 更符合实际情况; Boughton-Chapman滤波法、 BFI法和HYSEP法基流模拟效果较好, Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数高于0.87, 决定系数接近0.9, 平均相对误差小于10%。综合比较, 认为Boughton-Chapman滤波法、 BFI法是白河流域较为适宜的基流分割手段。     

南黄海崂山隆起地层属性及油气地质

应用地震地层学研究方法,对近几年重新采集、处理的地震剖面进行综合解释,同时,结合与下扬子地块的区域地质对比,建立崂山隆起地层层序格架,确定其地层地质属性,分析其地层分布规律和油气地质特征。研究认为崂山隆起海相下构造层分布稳定,残留厚度较大,烃源丰富,保存条件较好,具备形成大型油气藏的油气地质条件,是潜在的油气勘探目标。     

水深对海洋天然气水合物双BSR的控制作用

通过对海洋天然气水合物双BSR控制因素的了解,结合南海实际情况,认为双BSR主要存在于生物气和热解气气源充足的海区。按照Sloan的CSMHYD程序分别计算了不同盐度、不同水深条件下双BSR之间的厚度差,结果发现沉积物盐度的影响作用较小,而水深的影响作用较大,表现为双BSR之间的厚度差随水深的增加而减小,因此,推测水深是控制双BSR分布的一个重要因素。     

CMIP6全球气候模式对中国极端降水模拟能力的评估及其与CMIP5的比较

对CMIP6全球气候模式在中国地区极端降水的模拟能力进行了综合评估.基于CN05.1观测数据集和32个CMIP6全球气候模式的降水数据,采用8个常用极端降水指数对极端降水进行了定量描述.研究结果表明,在极端降水的气候平均态方面,CMIP6多模式集合对1961—2005年中国地区区域平均的8个极端降水指数模拟的平均相对误...     

The characteristic differences of tropical cyclones forming over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea

The best track dataset of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific (WNP) and the South China Sea (SCS) from 1977 to 2005 during the satellite era, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and the extended reconstructed sea surface temperature dataset are employed in this study. The main climatological characteristics of tropical cyclone formation over the WNP and the SCS are compared. It is found that there is obviously different for the locations of tropical cyclone origins, achieving the lowest central pressure and termination points between over the WNP and over the SCS. The annual number of tropical cyclones forming over the SCS is obviously less than over the WNP, and there is a significant negative correlation with the correlation coefficient being -0.36 at the 5% significance level between over the WNP and over the SCS. The mean speed of tropical cyclone moving is 6.5 m /s over the WNP and 4.6 m /s over the SCS. The mean lowest central pressure of tropical cyclones is obviously weaker over the SCS than over the WNP. The tropical cyclone days per year, mean total distance and total displacement of tropical cyclone traveled over the WNP are all obviously longer than those over the SCS. Tropical cyclone may intensify to Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale 5 over the WNP, but no tropical cyclone can intensify to Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale 3 over the SCS. The changing ranges of the radii(R15,R16) of the 15.4 m /s winds them and the 25.7 m /s winds over the WNP are obviously wider than those over the SCS, and the median values of the radii over the WNP are also larger than those over the SCS. For the same intensity of tropical cyclones, both radii have larger medians over the WNP than over the SCS. The correlations of annual mean tropical cyclone size parameters between over the WNP and over the SCS are not significant. At the same time, the asymmetric radii of tropical cyclones over the WNP are different from those over the SCS.     

Behavior of different phosphorus species in suspended particulate matter in the Changjiang estuary

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary in June 2006 was separated into five fractions via water elutriation: clay-very fine silt (<8 μm), fine silt (8–16 μm), medium silt (16–32 μm), coarse silt (32-63 μm) and sand (>63 μm). The SPM and fractionated particles were sequentially analyzed by a modified SEDEX sequential extraction method to obtain six species of phosphorus: exchangeable or loosely-sorbed P, organic P, Fe-bound P, authigenic P, detrital P and refractory P. The results indicated that all particulate phosphorus species except for detrital P were negatively correlated to particle size; a high detrital P content was found in coarse silt and very coarse silt. From the inside of the river mouth to the gate of the river mouth, organic P, Fe-bound P and refractory P in the suspended particles decreased and a higher amount of exchangeable P appeared around the gate of the river mouth. From the gate of the river mouth to the sea, exchangeable P and organic P in suspended particles increased distinctly. The total particulate P flux into the estuary from the Changjiang River was about 45.45×10⁸ μmol/s during sampling. Of this, about 8.27×10⁸ μmol/s was associated with the “truly suspended” fraction. The bio-available particulate P flux was about 13.58×10⁸ μmol/s. Of this, about 4.24×10⁸ μmol/s was transported by “truly suspended” particles.