冬季太平洋海温变化对中国5月降水的影响

本文采用EOF-CCA方法研究了12-2月份北太平洋海温场与中国5月降水指数之间的相关关系。研究结果表明：12月海温与中国5月降水有较好的相关关系。赤道东太平洋和日本以东洋面的海温与中国东部地区的降水正相关，与中国华南、云南和西部地区的降水负相关。相反，东北太平洋、菲律宾以东洋面和墨西哥以西洋面的海温与中国东部地区的降水负相关，与中国华南、云南和西部地区的降水正相关。上述5个海区的太平洋前期海温对中国5月降水有影响的海温关键区。前期海温异常将影响到5月中高纬度的西风带波动和低纬西太平洋副热带高压的强度、位置、从而导致中国5月降水空间分布的异常。     

东亚夏季风和ENSO关系的不稳定性

通过本项研究，发现了东亚夏季风和ENSO的相互关系在长期变化中是不稳定的。不稳定指的是在一段时期两者关系比较紧密而在另一段时期两者关系比较微弱。文章揭示：在东亚季风和ENSO关系紧密时期（HCP）和关系微弱时期（LCP）夏季大气环流的年际变率有显著差别。在关系紧密时期，南热带东太平洋区的信风、热带东太平洋区的低层大气温度、两个半球的副热带高压系统等的年际变率均显著高于关系微弱时期。并且，HCP和LCP时期中国夏季降水和ENSO的关系也有明显差异。     

A Response to the Letter of Da-Lin Zhang

We appreciate many of Zhang's critical comments and constructive recommendations(Zhang 2002) for the reform of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (AAS). An annualAAS Editorial Board meeting was held on 19 December 2001 at the Institute of AtmosphericPhysics (IAP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Zhang's letter (Zhang 2002) was distributed to     

色素痣三维结构的实现与研究

对临床已确诊的2例皮内痣进行连续切片，痣细胞和基底膜的表达分别采用S－100多克隆抗体和IV型胶原单克隆抗体LAB－SA免疫组化染色法。采用显微图像自动拼接技术显示皮内痣组织的全貌结构。结合三维可视化及测量系统软件，以体素重建法，结合插值拟合与光照处理技术，对手术切除的皮内痣进行三维重建，旨在真实反映基底膜和痣细胞的立体形态、空间位置和相互毗邻关系。对临床色素痣的教学和治疗提出新的方法和思路。     

Dependence of the agcm climatology on the method of prescribing surface boundary conditions and its climatological implication

By using IAP 9L AGCM, two sets of long-term climatological integration have been per-formed with the two different interpolation procedures for generating the daily surface boundary conditions. One interpolation procedure is the so-called “traditional” scheme, for which the daily surface boundary conditions are obtained by linearly interpolating between the observed monthly mean values, however the observed monthly means cannot be preserved after interpolation. The other one is the “new” scheme, for which the daily surface boundary conditions are obtained by linearly interpolating between the "artificial" monthly mean values which are based on, but are dif-ferent from the observed ones, after interpolating with this new scheme, not only the observed monthly mean values are preserved, the time series of the new generated daily values is also more consistent with the observation. Comparison of the model results shows that the differences of the globally or zonally averaged fields between these two integrations are quite small, and this is due to the compensating effect between the different regions. However, the differences of the two patterns (the global or regional geographical distributions), are quite significant, for example, the magni-tude of the difference in the JJA mean rainfall between these two integrations can exceed 2 mm/day over Asian monsoon regions, and the difference in DJF mean surface air temperature can also exceed 2oC over this region. The fact that the model climatology depends quite strongly on the method of prescribing the daily surface boundary conditions suggests that in order to validate the climate model or to predict the short-term climate anomalies, either the " new* interpolation scheme or the high frequency surface boundary conditions (e.g., daily or weekly data instead of the monthly data) should be introduced. Meanwhile, as for the coupled model, the daily coupling scheme between the different component cli?mate models (e.g., atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models) is preferred in order to partly eliminate the “climate drift” problem which may appear during the course of direct coupling.     

Comparison analysis of the summer monsoon precipitation between northern and southern slopes of Tanggula Mountains,Qinghai–Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau: a case study in summer 1998

Based on the precipitation data obtained through GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment–Tibet fieldwork from May to September 1998, this study investigated the features of the summer monsoon precipitation on the northern and southern slopes of the huge Tanggula Mountains in the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau. The results show that the precipitation on the southern slope is about 50% higher than on the northern slope, whereas the frequency and diurnal pattern of the precipitation are very similar. The mean precipitation intensity on the southern slope is larger than on the northern slope. In most cases, the daily precipitation showed similar variation on both slopes, demonstrating that the precipitation processes might be similar. In the summer monsoon period, the local convective precipitation contributed to the total precipitation on both slopes and such a contribution on the southern slope is larger. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大兴安岭北部霍拉盆地多年冻土及寒区环境研究的最新进展

霍拉盆地位于我国高纬度大片连续多年冻土区的北缘. 盆地内的冻土具有自中心向边缘厚度变薄、温度升高, 至四周山地出现融区等特征, 同时又受局地因素如地形地貌、地表覆被、地下水赋存规律及地质构造等影响, 冻土分布、厚度及温度的空间格局在遵从普遍规律的基础上又具有差异性. 近年来, 随着全球气候变暖及人为活动的逐步增强, 盆地内冻土及寒区环境变化显著, 对矿区转型至关重要的核心景观月牙湖几近干涸. 2013年6月、2014年5-7月先后2次对霍拉盆地多年冻土及寒区环境变化进行科学考察并展开初步研究. 在盆地内根据不同地貌、地表覆被及人为活动强度布设8个地温观测孔并将进行长期观测, 以期分析研究人为活动、植被等局地因子对冻土的影响及未来冻土与寒区环境变化; 同时, 对干涸的月牙湖底地形、地貌进行了调查并采集湖相沉积物样品, 以确定月牙湖的成因并进一步分析湖区气候及环境变迁; 对月牙湖畔湖心岛地下冰再次进行勘察, 发现厚层地下冰正在逐渐融化; 此外, 盆地内广泛发育的热喀斯特现象亦表明该区域冻土正在退化.     

青藏高原土壤碳排放研究进展

青藏高原土壤碳排放研究是评估国家区域碳排放量和预测气候变化所可能导致影响的关键. 首先对青藏高原土壤碳排放的关键性影响因子进行探讨, 并分析了土壤碳排放的时空分布格局变化. 目前青藏高原土壤碳排放研究主要是针对高寒草甸及高寒草地生态系统, 较少涉及高寒荒漠, 研究区域较为分散; 土壤碳排放受到气候环境因素、生物因素及人为因素等多重因素的影响, 其中温度、土壤湿度、土壤区系生物、人为因素及多年冻土退化是最关键的影响因素; 土壤碳排放具有明显的时空变异性, 空间变异性在生物群丛、景观、区域和生物群系四个尺度体现, 时间变异性在日、季、年上体现. 总体而言, 青藏高原土壤碳排放的研究较少, 尤其关于大尺度、长时间序列的研究以及土壤碳排放的机理等方面的研究十分缺乏, 有待于后续加强研究.     

嫩江黑河构造带收缩与伸展——源自晚古生代花岗岩类的地球化学证据

黑龙江省嫩江至黑河一带发育大量的晚古生代花岗岩类岩石,同位素测年结果显示主要集中在3个时代:早石炭世、晚石炭世和早二叠世。岩石类型从花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩-碱长花岗岩等均有不同出露,石炭纪部分岩石遭受韧性剪切变质变形作用改造形成花岗质糜棱岩。岩石整体具有高硅、富钾钠特征;稀土元素总量偏高,铕负异常明显;微量元素具明显的大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Th富集和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Ti亏损特征。其中石炭纪花岗岩类地球化学特征显示陆缘弧及同碰撞花岗岩特点,二叠纪花岗岩则表现后造山花岗岩特点。二者反映了由碰撞造山向板内后造山阶段转变的构造环境特点,也反映了嫩江-黑河构造带汇聚拼合与伸展的活动史。     

黄河源区高寒植被主要特征初探

位于青藏高原东北部多年冻土与季节冻土交错带的黄河源区高寒生态环境及其变化一直备受关注. 气候变暖、冻土退化条件下,为了解黄河源区不同冻土区植被状况,在源区布设了4个场地：查拉坪（CLP,源区南部连续低温多年冻土区）;扎陵湖南岸（ZLH,源区中南部岛状多年冻土区）;麻多乡（MDX,源区西部的不连续多年冻土区）;鄂陵湖北岸（ELH,源区中北部季节冻土区）. 结合植被调查和场地监测,分析了源区各冻土区植被的差异. 结果显示：总体上低温多年冻土区植被盖度、多样性指数高,表现为连续多年冻土区（查拉坪）>不连续多年冻土区（麻多乡）>季节冻土区（鄂陵湖北岸）,其中岛状多年冻土区（扎陵湖南岸）例外,该场地平均盖度最低,多样性指数介于查拉坪和麻多乡之间,局部植被退化较严重. 均匀度指数均表现为扎陵湖南岸最高,查拉坪次之. 地上生物量调查结果显示：查拉坪>麻多乡>扎陵湖南岸>鄂陵湖北岸,且鄂陵湖北岸出现指示植被退化的植物. 尽管黄河源区高寒植被研究为理解冻土退化条件下的生态环境变化提供了一些基础数据,评估气候变化和冻土退化的生态和水文效应需要更系统的调查和监测研究.