Grain-size related nitrogen distribution in southern Yellow Sea surface sediments

Forty-eight surface sediments of the southern Yellow Sea are separated into three grain-size fractions. Four forms of extractable nitrogen (nitrogen in ion-exchangeable form (Nie), nitrogen in weak-acid extractable form (Nwa), nitrogen in strong-alkali extractable form (Nsa) and nitrogen in strong-oxidant form (N50))are obtained by the sequential extraction. The results show that the contents and the distributions of the extractable nitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments are closely related to sediment grain size. The distributions ofNie, Nso and total nitrogen (TN) present positive correlations with fine particles content, while Nwa and Nsa does not have such correlation. The net contents of all the forms of nitrogen increase with sediment grain size finer.     

滇西北衙斑岩型金多金属矿床成矿流体特征及其演化

北衙超大型金多金属矿床位于扬子陆块西缘与三江特提斯造山带的结合部位。本文通过对北衙矿区内的斑岩体石英斑晶、斑岩型矿化、矽卡岩矿化中的矽卡岩及外围似层状热液型铅锌银矿化的岩(矿)石中发育的流体包裹体进行了系统研究,发现北衙矿区内主要发育CO2、富CO2、含CO2、含子矿物三相、富气相水溶液及气液两相水溶液包裹体六类流体包裹体;与斑岩型矿化有关的成矿流体为中-高温Na Cl-H2O-CO2体系热液,矽卡岩矿化相关成矿流体为一种高温的Na Cl-H2O及Na Cl-H2O-CO2体系热液,而外围似层状铅锌银矿化相关的成矿流体则为中温的Na Cl-H2O-CO2体系热液。对比分析表明,矽卡岩矿化中的矽卡岩矿物(以绿帘石类矿物为主)形成较早,其中发育富气相的流体包裹体,可以推断岩浆侵位后先分异出富水蒸气的流体,此后CO2才从成矿流体中大量分异。斑岩型矿化及外围地层中似层状铅锌银矿化脉体中发育的流体包裹体与斑岩体石英斑晶内发育的流体包裹体组合类型基本一致,表明成矿流体主要来自斑岩体结晶分异出的岩浆热液。流体包裹体研究表明,北衙金多金属矿区内的矽卡岩型(金铜铁)、斑岩型(铜金钼)及外围碳酸盐岩等地层中的似层状热液型(铅锌银)矿床系列为与富碱斑岩体侵位活动有关的,由岩浆分异热液并逐渐演化形成的斑岩型金-铁铜-铅锌(银)多金属成矿系统。     

钛白废液的治理与综合利用硫酸钾溶解平衡的热力学研究

本文应用热力学基本原理和方法研究硫酸钾溶解平衡,结果表明,硫酸钾在纯水中的溶解度随温度变化符合前人总结的实验规律,而在４３℃的钛白废水液液中硫酸钾有反常深 现象,这为确定硫酸钾结晶析出的最佳温度提供了热力学依据,通过热力学计算,论证了硫酸钾溶解平衡符合势学基本原理。     

逆断层地震近场地震动影响场和地表形变模拟

本文设计了一个MW7.0级地震的简单的逆断层有限移动源破裂模型,计算了断层周围64个观测点的加速度、速度和位移时程及峰值,简单讨论了近场地震动峰值、断层附近地表永久位移(或地表形变)的分布特点,并讨论了永久位移和地面运动速度大脉冲的关系。重点研究了断层附近三分量的永久位移(或地表形变)大小、方向和地震动作用特点。     

Experimental validation of a signal-based approach for structural earthquake damage detection using fractal dimension of time frequency feature

This article extends a signal-based approach formerly proposed by the authors, which utilizes the fractal dimension of time frequency feature(FDTFF) of displacements, for earthquake damage detection of moment resist frame(MRF), and validates the approach with shaking table tests. The time frequency feature(TFF) of the relative displacement at measured story is defined as the real part of the coefficients of the analytical wavelet transform. The fractal dimension(FD) is to quantify the TFF within the fundamental frequency band using box counting method. It is verified that the FDTFFs at all stories of the linear MRF are identical with the help of static condensation method and modal superposition principle, while the FDTFFs at the stories with localized nonlinearities due to damage will be different from those at the stories without nonlinearities using the reverse-path methodology. By comparing the FDTFFs of displacements at measured stories in a structure, the damage-induced nonlinearity of the structure under strong ground motion can be detected and localized. Finally shaking table experiments on a 1:8 scale sixteen-story three-bay steel MRF with added frictional dampers, which generate local nonlinearities, are conducted to validate the approach.     

AMSR-E卫星亮度温度数据在高原东北部土壤湿度观测和模拟中的应用

为了改进青藏高原东北部土壤湿度的观测和模拟效果,利用AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS)亮度温度资料,估算了高原东北部的土壤湿度值;还利用耦合了Noah陆面模型的WRF中尺度模式WRF-Noah,结合牛顿松驰逼近同化法对AMSR-E估算的土壤湿度进行了同化试验。结果表明:与实测及NCEP再分析值土壤湿度相比,估算的高原东北部的土壤湿度值虽小些,但能够体现土壤湿度随降水事件等的影响。使用牛顿松弛逼近法同化后比没有同化或采用直接替代法模拟的土壤湿度的效果要好。在区域尺度上,通过对牛顿松弛逼近法中质量因子的详细控制,采用该同化方法后对沙漠地区土壤湿度的模拟改善最为明显,其次是草地以及灌木丛与草地混合区;在时间尺度上,采用牛顿松弛逼近同化方法后模拟值与实测值的均方根误差得到减少。     

港湾深槽骤淤的条件探讨

深槽骤淤指深槽底部在特定条件下产生的快速淤积,通常以浮泥形式出现.综合分析杭州湾、三门湾和象山港的地形地貌、水文泥沙及深槽固定剖面风暴前后或大、小潮期间的地形变化得出港湾深槽产生骤淤的基本条件:(1)有丰富的细颗粒物质的供应源;(2)迅速衰减的动力条件;(3)存在明显的负地形.三个条件必须同时得到满足,深槽才能产生骤淤.杭州湾泥沙来源丰富,终年悬沙浓度高,东试挖槽附近受长江冲淡水次级锋面和钱塘江冲淡水锋面影响较大,因此在一个大小潮周期内水动力条件减弱时挖槽处可产生骤淤.三门湾泥沙来源较丰富,正常天气的年份内潮滩处于缓慢淤积状态,而深槽处于冲淤基本平衡状态,但在风暴等灾害性天气下发生强烈的滩、槽泥沙交换,若风暴后处于中小潮汛期则深槽发生骤淤.象山港由于环境隐蔽,水清沙少,沿岸潮滩狭窄,缺少骤淤的物源,即使风暴作用后鹰龙山深槽也没有产生骤淤.     

盐度胁迫下中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的生长及内源多胺含量的变化

在实验室内不同盐度梯度下培养常见的两种赤潮藻——中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum s.l.)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense),根据logistic生长模型获得了终止生物量Bf和最大生长速率μmax,并测定了藻体中过氧化物酶(POD)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)的含量。结果表明,高、低盐度胁迫下,两种藻均会积累MDA,活性氧自由基的伤害增强,藻的生长受到了抑制。同时,两种藻都会提升多胺含量,通过多胺的调节作用来缓解胁迫的伤害,促进生长,但是在提升的多胺种类和形态上,两种藻存在着差异。高盐胁迫下,中肋骨条藻会提升多胺尤其是游离态多胺的含量来缓解伤害,东海原甲藻则依靠结合态的亚精胺和游离态的精胺的调节作用。低盐胁迫下,中肋骨条藻会提升游离态腐胺的含量,而东海原甲藻体内各形态的多胺都会上升。     

The application of cluster analysis in geophysical data interpretation

A clustering algorithm that is based on density and is adaptive density-reachable is developed and presented for arbitrary data point distributions in some real-world applications, especially in geophysical data interpretation. Through comparisons of the new algorithm and other algorithms, it is shown that the new algorithm can reduce the dependency of domain knowledge and the sensitivity of abnormal data points, that it can improve the effectiveness of clustering results in which data are distributed in different shapes and different densities, and that it can get a better clustering efficiency. The application of the new clustering algorithm demonstrates that data mining techniques can be used in geophysical data interpretation and can get meaningful and useful results, and that the new clustering algorithm can be used in other real-world applications.