考洲洋化学耗氧量(COD)的含量特征

1999年2月和8月对考洲洋海水、表层沉积物COD含量进行了调查研究.结果表明考洲洋海水COD含量为0.82～2.71 mg·L-1,表层沉积物COD含量为0.44～10.45 mg·L-1,其水质质量达到我国国家二类海水水质标准(COD＜3 mg·L-1).海水与表层沉积物COD含量平面分布总的呈西北部水域和湾中部水域向湾口降低的趋势.表层沉积物COD含量与有机质、硫化物含量呈显著的正相关(P＜0.05).与粤东邻近的网箱养殖水域比较,海水COD含量居中,表层沉积物COD含量较低.     

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On the possible mechanism of the first ground level enhancement in cosmic ray intensity of solar cycle 24

We have carried out this work to comprehend the possible mechanisms of the first ground level enhancement (GLE71 17 May 2012 01:50 UT) in cosmic ray intensity of the solar cycle 24. For this, the cosmic ray intensities registered by neutron monitors at several sites have been analyzed and studied with concurrent solar flares of different energy channels. To assess empirically whether the GLE might have been caused by the energy released from solar flare or CME-driven shock, we identify the possible time line in terms of the lowest spectral index determined from proton fluxes. If the GLE is caused by the energy released from particle acceleration in solar flare, the intensive phase of the flare representing the extreme emission should exist within/around the possible time line. In this respect, it is observed that the possible time line lies within the prominent phase of CME-driven shock. For better understanding, we have checked the possible relativistic energy with respect to solar flare as well as CME-driven shock. As witnessed, if the extreme emission phase of the flare is considered as the reason for the causation of GLE peak, the flare components procured insufficient amount of energy (≤～0.085 GeV) to produce a GLE. If the extreme emission phase of the flare is also considered as the dominator along GLE onset, the possible energy procurement (≤～0.414 GeV) is still not adequate to produce a GLE. In contrast, the CME-driven shock is capable of procuring enough possible relativistic energy (≥～1.21 GeV) that is sufficient amount of the energy for a GLE production. Any amount of the energy (<0.414 GeV) released from preceding flare components is supposed to have been contributed to the shock process. Thus, it is assumed that the GLE71 was possibly caused by the energy released from the shock acceleration, which might have been boosted by the energy emanated from preceding flare.     

地热系统深部热能聚敛理论及勘查实践

深部热能聚敛及富集过程研究是地热资源探测评价的重要基础。地热壳构热控理论是以地球动力学理论为基础,以构造控热作用研究为主线,通过大地构造学、构造地质学、地热地质学等学科理论和方法,研究深部热能聚敛过程及热异常分布规律,分析各种构造要素间的相互作用及控热机制,探讨地热资源靶区预测方法,从而指导地热勘查的科学。本文系统论述了地热壳构热控理论的内涵与外延,提出了我国不同类型地热资源“同源共生-壳幔生热-构造聚热”的客观自然规律,分析了我国陆区壳幔尺度热流配分格局与不同地质背景条件下影响浅地表温度场的主要控热构造,并以渤海湾盆地、青藏高原、东南沿海等我国主要地热系统为研究对象,以壳构热控理论为指导,以勘查区找热为出发点,以控热作用内生因素(壳幔生热)和外生因素(构造聚热)为切入点,通过研究影响壳幔生热、壳内传热、勘查靶区聚热这一地球物理过程,确定了不同构造背景下地热系统的主要控热构造。从传统的经验式找热到建立构造控热预测标志,再到水热型地热资源-干热型地热资源共生富集认知,理论认识的创新发展,将引领和支撑我国地热资源不断实现高效勘探和开发利用。     

Prevalence and risk assessment of antibiotics in riverine estuarine waters of Larut and Sangga Besar River,Perak

Antibiotics released into the environment through anthropogenic activities exert selective pressure,driving bacteria towards increasing antimicrobial resistance.The prevalence of antibiotics and the ecological risks posed in the riverine estuarine of Larut River and Sangga Besar River,which included wastewater effluents from hospital,zoo,and poultry slaughterhouse sources were investigated.Solid phase extraction(SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography(HPLC-MS/MS) were used to extract and quantify the antibiotic residues from 22 antibiotics belonging to six major antibiotic classes(sulfonamide,macrolide,fluoroquinolone,phenicol,trimethoprim,and tetracycline).Sixteen antibiotic residues were detected with concentrations ranging from limit of detection(LOD) to 1 262.3 ng/L.Fluoroquinolones and macrolides were the most frequently detected compounds.Erythromycin,clarithromycin and ofloxacin detected in hospital and zoo effluents posed a high risk to algae while tetracycline had low to medium ecological risks toward all the relevant organisms from aquatic environments(algae,invertebrate Daphnia magna,and fish).     

华南西部火山岛地区滨海浅层地下水的水质现状研究

雷州半岛与海南岛一峡相隔,气候和地质环境相似。近年来,随着经济社会的快速发展,沿海地下水抽用频繁,发展和环境的矛盾日益突出。为了解滨海地区地下水的分布、变化及其与环境的关系,在雷州半岛和海南岛滨海地区进行了浅层地下水井钻凿和地下水潮周期化学连续取样及实验测试。对数据的分析与评价结果表明: 全部监测井为Na-Cl型,除个别监测井外,大多数监测井浅层地下水的溶解性固体总量(total amount of dissolved solids,TDS)和氯离子、硫酸盐、钠离子等含量较高,其中TDS和氯离子含量最高,分别接近39.00 g/L和20.00 g/L,取样时段内波动较大,类型以偏酸性重碳酸盐为主转为以偏碱性钠离子和氯化物为主; 受制于地质环境条件,地下水自我调节能力以“一般”和“弱”居多,水质为IV—V级,且不随测次而变化,表明至少在短期内不会改变。滨海地区浅层地下水水质既与地质环境条件关系密切,也与人类活动有关,还可能受到深层承压古海水释放的影响。影响地下水水质的因素较为复杂,需要进一步加强综合研究和监测。     

金沙江下游支流黑水河松新电站鱼道过鱼效果监测与评估

松新鱼道建设是恢复金沙江白鹤滩库区鱼类生境替代支流——黑水河连通性的重要工程措施之一,其过鱼效果备受关注。本研究以黑水河松新鱼道为研究对象,通过网捕法和射频识别遥测技术(RFID)开展松新鱼道过鱼效果监测与评估研究。结果表明:(1)黑水河松新坝址下游共监测到19种鱼类,其中12种鱼类可以顺利通过鱼道抵达上游河道;(2)鱼道进出口鱼类多样性受到鱼类洄游动机影响呈现季节性规律,非洄游期(12月)鱼道进出口鱼类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著低于洄游期(次年3、5月);(3)松新鱼道主要过鱼对象短须裂腹鱼的进口吸引率为31.50%,通过率可达44.44%。利用张网监测数据发现:当水温超过20℃时,过鱼种类和数量随着水温的升高呈递减趋势;当鱼道内流量超过0.50 m³/s时,过鱼种类和数量随着鱼道内流量的增大而呈递减趋势。为识别影响鱼道过鱼效果的关键因素,选取短须裂腹鱼为研究对象,构建了基于多因素(鱼道内流量、水温、昼夜节律、pH、湿重、体长等)的Cox风险比例回归模型,研究发现:鱼道内流量、水温和昼夜节律是影响短须裂腹鱼上溯效果的关键因素;当水温变化范围为14...     

基于SVM-BP神经网络的气象能见度数据缺失值预估

自动气象站能见度检测仪多采用光学装置采样,雨雪、粉尘等天气因素会对部分仪器镜头造成污染,导致能见度要素数据缺测.针对能见度数据缺失问题,本文选用安徽部分气象站的历年数据,首先运用灰色关联分析方法筛选出与能见度密切相关的其他气象要素,通过支持向量机和BP神经网络单一预估方法预估不同地形的能见度缺失值,然后采用最优权重组合将两种方法预估的能见度值进行组合,并与单一预估方法进行对比.结果表明组合方法的预估结果误差均值小、整体准确度高,可以保证台站观测资料的完备性,为短时天气预报、实况分析和气象公共服务工作提供有效依据.