下辽河坳陷现代应力场特征

本文通过辽河油田的钻孔崩落资料及小地震震源机制解，推断出辽河坳陷地区现代构造应力场的特征。两种方法得到的结果基本一致，即区域应务场和局部应力场的结果一致，该地区处于走滑断层型应力状态。     

渗流诱发套损机制与数值计算

油田套损是石油工程中的一大技术难题,多年来困扰着各油田。大量的现场调查和理论分析表明,油田套损与油藏渗流场动态变化密切相关。无论是剪切套损、拉伸套损还是挤压套损,都是渗流引起应力场调整,最终导致套管受力损伤。基于油藏流固耦合理论,分析了油田渗流诱发套损的机制,建立了油藏渗流-应力耦合计算的数学模型,并介绍了利用流固耦合进行套损预测计算的算例,对于套损防控具有重要的理论指导意义。     

Least Square Finite Element Method for Viscous Splitting of Unsteady Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations

In order to solve unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes(N–S) equations, a new stabilized finite element method,called the viscous-splitting least square FEM, is proposed. In the model, the N–S equations are split into diffusive and convective parts in each time step. The diffusive part is discretized by the backward difference method in time and discretized by the standard Galerkin method in space. The convective part is a first-order nonlinear equation.After the linearization of the nonlinear part by Newton's method, the convective part is also discretized by the backward difference method in time and discretized by least square scheme in space. C~0-type element can be used for interpolation of the velocity and pressure in the present model. Driven cavity flow and flow past a circular cylinder are conducted to validate the present model. Numerical results agree with previous numerical results, and the model has high accuracy and can be used to simulate problems with complex geometry.     

Phosphatic microspherules and their geobiological implications from the Frasnian-Famennian transition at the Yangdi section,Guilin, South China

Abundant perfectly-preserved phosphatic microspherules have been discovered across the Frasnian-Famennian(F-F)transition from the Yangdi section in Guilin,Guangxi,South China.They are mostly spherical or elliptical in shape and about 150μm in diameter with smooth exterior surfaces.Each microspherule consistently possesses a small dimple on the surface.The internal texture of microspherules consists of concentric light-colored apatite and dark-colored organic matter bands alternating around a central core.Conodonts have also been found preserved together with phosphatic microspherules in the same horizon,and the abundance of the former is obviously higher than that of the latter.Laser Raman spectral studies show close similarities in spectral patterns between the outer shells of phosphatic microspherules and the blade of the conodont genus Palmatolepis sp.,as well as between the microspherule nucleus and the platform of the same conodont genus.Furthermore,the statistical results and geochemical data demonstrate that the elevated abundance of phosphatic microspherules roughly coincides with the blooms of bacteria and algae,but is later than the sharp increase of oceanic nutrients.The phosphatic microspherules are interpreted here to be the‘otoliths’secreted by conodont animals based on the compositional similarities between phosphatic microspherules and conodonts and their interrelated abundances.In addition,an analogous study reveals morphological and textural similarities between fish otoliths and phosphatic microspherules.The formation of phosphatic microspherules is probably related to seawater eutrophication.We speculate that the explosive growth of bacteria and algae is probably caused by the enrichment of nutrients that is most likely associated with the increase of terrestrial inputs,submarine hydrothermal activities or the upwelling anoxic bottom waters in the late Devonian,which would stimulate the conodont animals to secrete phosphatic microspherules—the‘otoliths’of conodont animals.This study reveals the coupling relationship between organisms and environments from the perspective of phosphatic microspherules and provides new evidence for the cause of faunal crisis during the Late Devonian F-F transition.     

Water system characteristics of Karst river basins in South China and their driving mechanisms of hydrological drought

Natural Hazards - It is common knowledge that drought is considered one of the most damaging natural disasters in terms of economic costs, societal problems, and ecological impacts. In this study,...     

Managing Bluefin Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea

Atlantic Bluefin Tuna is an important but not well managed fishery in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper, management system is evaluated with information on stock status, resource rent, and total employment. The non-restrictive implementation of International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) policies is found to be the institutional reason for its management failure, while the common-property and shared stock nature of this fishery is the fundamental reason. To address these major issues, policy schemes are proposed to help sustainably manage this valuable resource in the Mediterranean Sea.     

墨吉对虾体长与体重关系的计算及其在生产中的应用

本文研究墨吉对虾(Penaeus merguiensis)体长(L)与体重(W)的关系,经回归分析得其关系式。根据此关系式计算得体长和体重换算表,对指导生产具有现实意义。     

发头裸腹溞休眠卵发育的温度因子分析

测定了不同温度下发头裸腹溞(Moina irrasa)体眠卵的孵化时间及孵化率;取最先孵出和过半数孵出的两组数据依莱奥姆积温法则求得种群休眠卵最低临界温度为12.00℃,最低有效积温为441.61℃·h;最低亚致死高温点(即最适温度)为35.16℃,以及最低死亡高温点39.44℃。种群中过半数的临界温度为12.88℃,过半数有效积温为557.10℃·h,过半数的亚致死高温点为35.56℃以及过半数死亡高温点为39.49℃。讨论了这些参数在枝角类集约化培养中休眠卵的有效保存与启用所具有的实践意义。     

保安湖鳜鱼卵巢的周年变化

对保安湖性成熟雌性鳜鱼卵巢进行了组织和组织化学研究。鳜鱼卵母细胞发育分为５个时相。退化卵终年存在,区分为产产萎缩和产后退化吸收。鳜鱼的繁殖期在４月底至６月底。一个生殖周期中,卵巢两次达到成熟,为分批主卵类型。鳜鱼卵黄物质有三种形式,液泡含在量多糖物质。     

地震活动的月相效应

本文利用中国大陆１９１０年以来６．０级以上和首都圈地区１９６６以来１．０级以上大量地震资料，对地震活动的月相效应进行了研究。结果表明，发生在各个月相上的地震频次明显受月相的调制和制约，并且有一定的规律性，月相效应的最大幅度可影响地震活动平均频次的２５％以上，证明了地震活动的月相效应明显存在，其影响不可忽略。结果还表明，月相效应的基本特征是具有半月和全月周期性，此外，对首都圈地区地震活动以及唐山，邢