塔里木盆地西北缘新元古代震积岩的发现及其地质意义

震积岩是地层中记录古地震事件的关键岩石记录,通过震积岩的识别和发育序列的研究有助于认识盆地形成的构造背景和区域大地构造过程。在塔里木盆地西北缘的乌什南部地区新元古界中识别出臼齿构造、微同沉积断裂和液化卷曲变形等古地震引起的软沉积变形构造,发育典型的震积岩（震裂岩和震褶岩）以及震浊积岩、冰碛岩和薄层状钙质泥岩等沉积单元,并在南华系上部形成了深水浊流沉积—冰水混积—地震活动和背景沉积—地震活动等两期震积作用序列。塔里木西北缘南华系震积岩与同时期正断层紧密伴生,共同指示区域构造伸展背景,可能与新元古代罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解、大规模裂谷作用有关。     

地震统计区划分不确定性对场点地震危险性计算的影响

地震统计区是考虑时空不均匀性的概率地震危险性分析方法特有的概念,是确定地震活动性统计规律的基本统计单元.由于地震统计区在概念以及划分原则上存在较大的认识不确定性,因此,对场点地震危险性分析结果会产生不可忽视的影响.本研究的目的就是通过分析得到对这种影响的相对明晰的量化认识,以利于实际工作参考.     

RSM－16H动测仪在面波法岩土体检测中的应用

对在岩土体检测中推广应用的新技术──瑞雷面波法作了简述，介绍了ＲＳＭ－１６Ｈ型动测仪对稳态和瞬态面波资料的处理实例，并提出了对该仪器在面波测量中的软件改进建议。     

太原地震台记录的四川汶川地震震相分析

四川汶川系列地震距太原基准地震台约1000km,介于近震与远震之间,震相特殊,识别困难。本文通过对汶川主、余震和四川其他地区远震波形的对照,及对主要震相周期、幅度及波形特点的分析,认为PN、SG两个震相是太原地震台记录四川汶川地震的主要定位震相。     

Characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the Dongfang 13-1 high temperature and overpressured gas field in the Yinggehai Basin,the South China Sea

The Dongfang 13-1 is located in the diapiric structure belt of the Yinggehai Basin. The formation pressure of its main gas reservoir in the Miocene Huangliu Formation is up to 54.6 MPa(pressure coefficient=1.91) and the temperature is as high as 143°C(geothermal gradient 4.36°C/100 m), indicating that it is a typical high-temperature and overpressured gas reservoir. The natural gas is interpreted to be coal-type gas derived from the Miocene mature source rocks containing type II2-III kerogens as evidenced by high dryness index of up to 0.98 and heavy carbon isotopes, i.e., the δ13C1 ranging from -30.76‰ to -37.52‰ and δ13C2 ranging from -25.02‰ to -25.62‰. The high temperature and overpressured Miocene petroleum system is related mainly to diapir in the Yinggehai Basin and contains more pore water in the overpressured reservoirs due to undercompaction process. The experimental and calculated results show that the solubility of natural gas in formation water is as high as 10.5 m3/m3 under the temperature and pressure conditions of the Sanya Formation, indicating that at least part of the gas may migrate in the form of water-soluble phase. Meanwhile, the abundant gas source in the Basin makes it possible for the rapid saturation of natural gas in formation water and exsolution of soluble gas. Therefore, the main elements controlling formation of the Dongfang 13-1 gas pool include that(1) the diapir activities and accompanying changes in temperature and pressure accelerate the water-soluble gas exsolution and release a lot of free gas;(2) submarine fan fine sandstone in the Huangliu Formation provides good gas-water segregation and accumulation space; and(3) the overlying overpressured mud rocks act as effective caps. The accumulation mechanism reveals that the high temperatural and high pressure structure belt near the diapir structures has a good potential for large and medium-sized gas field exploration.     

北大巴山早古生代地幔交代作用与煌斑岩浆的起源和演化

产于陕西岚皋境内、赋存于碱质煌斑杂岩中的金云角 闪 辉石岩捕虏体是交 代地幔捕虏体。微量元素和SrNd同位素的对比研究表明,金云角闪辉石岩型交代地幔是寄 主煌斑岩的源区。金云角闪辉石岩捕虏体富含高Na、Ti的角闪石是本区寄主煌斑岩富Ti, 具 低K/Na值的根本原因。煌斑杂岩的同位素地球化学研究表明,早古生代地幔交代作用相对 于煌斑岩的侵位是一个相对近的时间间隔,大约发生于距今600～700 Ma。寄主煌斑岩 的 原生岩浆是金云角闪辉石岩型地幔经较大程度部分熔融而形成,原生岩浆为相似于橄榄金伯 利岩和橄辉玢岩的碱质超基性煌斑岩浆,其经初步分离结晶后形成两个不同的母岩浆,分别 相当于橄榄金伯利岩浆和橄辉玢岩岩浆,两个母岩浆各自具有不同的分离结晶系列,形成不 同的岩石类型。     

华南海陆风的数值模拟

本文利用Mass和Dempsey的一层σ坐标中尺度模式对华南的海陆风进行数值模拟。模拟结果表明,华南存在着六个中尺度的海陆风系。同时,存在三个与广东省暴雨中心相对应的海风辐合区。最后,利用模式输出的地面气压场计算的日波的振幅和位相,讨论了海陆风转换的时间以及它的动力学机制。     

北京市不同土地利用类型的土壤砷含量特征

通过对北京市菜地、稻田、果园、绿化地、麦地以及自然土壤6种土地利用类型共500 个土壤样品的调查分析,探讨了不同土地利用方式对土壤砷积累的影响。与北京市土壤背景值相比,砷在土壤中均有不同程度的增加,累积现象比较普遍。在6种土地利用类型中,自然土壤的砷含量最低,最接近背景值;菜地和稻田的土壤砷含量的增加最为显著。以基线值为标准,北京市涉及土地利用的土壤砷含量总体超标率为1.8%;6种土地利用类型中,菜地、果园、麦地三种土壤砷含量的超标率分别为2.6%、2.7%、0.7%。土壤砷含量的平均值由高到低分别为:稻田>绿化地>菜地>果园>麦地>自然土壤。     

Difference-frequency ultrasound generation from microbubbles under dual-frequency excitation

The difference-frequency (DF) ultrasound generated by using parametric effect promises to improve detection depth owing to its low attenuation, which is beneficial for deep tissue imaging. With ultrasound contrast agents infusion, the harmonic components scattered from the microbubbles, including DF, can be generated due to the nonlinear vibration. A theoretical study on the DF generation from microbubbles under the dual-frequency excitation is proposed in formula based on the solution of the RPNNP equation. The optimisation of the DF generation is discussed associated with the applied acoustic pressure, frequency, and the microbubble size. Experiments are performed to validate the theoretical predictions by using a dual-frequency signal to excite microbubbles. Both the numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimised DF ultrasound can be achieved as the difference frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the microbubble and improve the contrast-to-tissue ratio in imaging.     

台湾海峡蓝圆鲹的食性研究

本文材料系1965年，1977年，1988年至1989年台湾海峡灯光围网、拖山网的渔获物。采用个体百分比（N），重量百分比（W），出现频率（F），出现频率百分比，胃饱满系数，类群更替率等指标进行分析，并根据3个指标，计算了相对重要性指标。蓝圆鲹食性广泛，主要食料有桡足矣、小型鱼类、糠虾类、长尾类和短尾类等。幼鱼食料以桡足类最为重要，成鱼食料则以鱼类为重要。蓝圆鲹摄食强度有明显的季节变化。周年摄食强度呈双峰型，高峰期正好比两个产卵期迟1个月，说明蓝图鲹生殖后强烈摄食。幼鱼摄食强度昼夜变化明显，以黄昏和黎明摄食较强烈。蓝图鲹主要饵料生物的高生物量区，可作为寻找中心渔场的良好生物学指标之一，这在生产实践中有重要意义。