福建罗源湾浮游桡足类的分布

本文利用1986年11月至1987年10月在福建罗源湾采集的浮游生物样品,分析研究了该海区桡足类的种类组成和数量分布。结果表明,其优势种大网为中华哲水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤、真刺唇角水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤,中网为强额拟哲水蚤、小型拟哲水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤。桡足类总量年高峰大、中网分别为2个和1个。中网桡足类与叶绿素a、温度和盐度等因素显著相关。     

淮南板集煤矿F512断层导水性分析及地面注浆加固

板集煤矿F512断层落差70m,存在着导通上覆新生界松散层水与下伏太原组岩溶水的威胁,同时,断层带的破碎岩体也将对巷道掘进和支护带来困难。该矿先后施工了3个水文地质钻孔进行抽水和压水试验,根据岩心鉴定成果和岩石RQD值,认为断层带的岩心较为破碎;依据抽水过程中的流量变化、水位降深值和水位恢复值等指标及压水试验中透水率分析,发现该断层的导水性较差,具有弱渗透性。参考相邻矿区的经验,决定对断层破碎岩体采用地面注浆方法进行加固。整个工种注入水泥浆1 600m3,破碎岩体得到了有效加固,巷道掘进顺利通过了F512断层。     

全球海洋人为碳储量估算及时空分布研究进展

海洋是全球最大的碳汇,确定海洋中人为碳含量及其时空变化是一件具有挑战性的工作。就当前海洋人为碳含量确定方法、人为碳储量及其随时间变化进行综述总结。研究表明海洋仍然可以吸收并储藏大量的人为碳,但未来对于海洋吸收储藏人为碳的研究仍具有诸多不确定性。已有证据表明稳态海洋的概念不完全正确,需要在非稳态条件下重新定义人为碳并开展研究。同时需要积累更多的观测数据,采用包括观测和模式模拟等手段来研究不同时间尺度的人为碳的吸收和储藏过程。     

Preliminary study of lateral variation in crustal structure of Northeast China from teleseismic receiver functions

We conducted comprehensive receiver function analyses for a large amount of high-quality broadband teleseismic waveforms data recorded at 19 China National Digital Seismic Network (CNDSN) stations deployed in Northeast China.An advanced H-κ domain search method was adopted to accurately estimate the crustal thickness and vP/vS ratio.The crust has an average thickness of about 34.4 km.The thinnest crust occurs in the central region of Northeast China,while the thickest crust is beneath the Yanshan belt.The v...     

The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay,Hainan Island,China

Sanya Bay encompasses a high diversity of natural habitats, ranging from coral reefs, rocky and sandy shores and mudflats to mangroves. Seasonal physicochemical and biological investigations were conducted from 1998 to 1999 and again in April 2000. Water-related environmental quality in Sanya Bay is in good condition. The levels of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals are within the first class of National Seawater Quality Standards for China. Annual mean values of chlorophyll a of 0.93 mg m(-3) and phytoplankton primary productivity of 440.8 mgC m(-2)d(-1), respectively, were found in the waters, both of which show a significant correlation with inorganic nitrogen. A mean new productivity of 144.6 mgC m(-2) d(-1) was recorded in summer. Sanya Bay is rich in natural resources and biodiversity with 235 species of phytoplankton and 129 species of zooplankton identified in the survey. The annual mean abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 1564 x 10 cells m(-3) and 121 individuals m(-3), respectively, with an annual mean zooplankton biomass of 129 mg m(-3). A total of 243 species of fish were sampled in the survey including many of high economic value. Three hundred and eighty-four species of benthos in 121 families were found by mud sampling and trawling. The average biomass of benthic organisms was 11.55 gm(-2), with a density of 31 individuals m(-2). Molluscs were the dominant group, followed by crustaceans; coelenterates exhibited the lowest biomass. One hundred and twenty-six species from 48 families of intertidal organisms were collected by frame sampling, with a mean annual biomass of 644.7 gm(-2) and average density of 816 individuals m(-2). The highest biomass of 1673.5 gm(-2) was collected in a coral reef region, while the highest density of 1219 individuals m(-2) occurred in a mangrove region. The coastline is characterized by coral reefs that accounts for 30% of the total coastline length in the bay, so coral reefs are a key ecosystem that are important for maintaining the regional marine resources and biodiversity. We need to pay much more attention to such diverse marine resources to maintain the integrity and function of these coastal ecosystems.     

无图纸条件下极轨卫星接收处理系统的维修方法续一

飑是一种破坏性极大的灾害性天气现象,飑产生时常伴有大风,而我们观测员有时只记录大风,而忽视了飑这种天气现象,造成天气现象漏记。为了避免类似现象发生,笔者根据介休市气象局近年来的气象资料以及工作中的观测经验,对飑产生时地面气象要素的变化特征作一浅析。1定义从天气学     

闽北汛期强降水中尺度特征分析

为揭示闽北暴雨的中尺度规律,利用1980~2005年南平市10县(市、区)气象站5~6月雨量大于等于50mm达到或超过3个站的43个暴雨过程129个暴雨日的逐时降水自记资料,分析了汛期暴雨日雨团和强雨团的时空分布、强度及持续时间、移动规律、雨团与影响系统的关系以及地形对雨团的产生、分布、移动等的影响等,得出闽北汛期强降水的中尺度若干特征,其结论可为预报人员在业务实践中提供有益的参考。     

Petrological evidence for shock‐induced high‐P metamorphism in a gabbro

Microlites (minute spherulitic, dendritic, skeletal, acicular and poikilitic crystals) diagnostic of crystallization in quenched melt or glass in fault rocks have been used to infer fossil earthquakes. High‐P microlites and crystallites are described here in a variably eclogitized gabbro, the wallrock to the coesite‐bearing eclogite breccia at Yangkou in the Chinese Su‐Lu high‐P metamorphic belt. The studied hand specimens are free of discernible shear deformation, although microfractures are not uncommon under the microscope. In the least eclogitized gabbro, the metagabbro, stellate growths of high‐P minerals on the relict igneous minerals are common. Dendritic garnet crystals (<1?5 μm) grew around rutile and/or phengite replacing ilmenite and biotite, respectively. Skeletal garnet also rims broken flakes of igneous biotite and mechanically twinned augite. Radial intergrowths of omphacite and quartz developed around relict igneous orthopyroxene and are rimmed by skeletal or poikilitic garnet where a Ti‐bearing mineral relict is present. Acicular epidote, kyanite and phengite crystallites are randomly distributed in a matrix of Na‐rich plagioclase, forming the pseudomorphs after igneous plagioclase. In the more eclogitized gabbro, the coronitic eclogite located closer to the eclogite breccia, all the igneous minerals broke down into high‐P assemblages. Thick coronas of poikilitic garnet grew between the pseudomorphs after igneous plagioclase and ferromagnesian minerals. The igneous plagioclase is replaced by omphacite crystallites, with minor amounts of phengite and kyanite. Thermodynamic modelling of the plagioclase pseudomorphs shows an increase in P–T in the wallrock from the metagabbro to the coronitic eclogite, and the P–T variation is unrelated to H₂O content. The fluid‐poor pressure overstepping scenario is unsupported both by phase diagram modelling and by whole‐rock chemical data, which show that the various types of eclogitized gabbro are all fairly dry. A large pressure difference of >2 GPa between the metagabbro and the coesite‐bearing eclogites ~20 m apart cannot be explained by the subduction hypothesis because this would require a depth difference of >60 km. The microlites and crystallites are evidence for dynamic crystallization due to rapid cooling because constitutional supercooling was unlikely for the plagioclase pseudomorphs. The lack of annealing of the broken biotite and augite overgrown by strain free skeletal garnet is consistent with a transient high‐P–T event at a low ambient temperature (<300 °C), probably in the crust. Therefore, the eclogitization of the wallrock to the eclogite breccia was also coseismic, as proposed earlier for the eclogite facies fault rocks. The outcrop‐scale P–T variation and the transient nature of the high‐P–T event are inconsistent with the other existing tectonic models for high‐P metamorphism. The fact that the less refractory but denser biotite is largely preserved while the more refractory but less dense plagioclase broke down completely into high‐P microlite assemblages in the metagabbro indicates a significant rise in pressure rather than temperature. Given that the metamorphic temperatures are far below the melting temperatures of most of the gabbroic minerals under fluid‐absent conditions, stress‐induced amorphization appears to be the more likely mechanism of the coseismic high‐P metamorphism.     

四川成都盆地某深层富钾卤水的地球化学特征及成因

本文报道了四川成都盆地某深层富钾层卤水的化学组成，氧、氢、硫和硼同位素组成以及２５℃等温蒸发析盐过程中，从卤水中获得的固相物质组成。在此基础上讨论了卤水的成因，认为该卤水是蒸发浓缩的海相卤水、非海相卤水以及埋藏成岩过程中封存卤水对地层中海相蒸发盐溶滤作用形成的混合水。     

坦桑尼亚林迪地区纳钦圭阿石墨矿床地质特征及找矿模型

坦桑尼亚林迪地区是世界上重要的石墨成矿带,纳钦圭阿石墨矿是成矿带新发现的典型矿床之一。矿区分南北2个矿段,共圈定工业矿体17条,推断石墨矿物资源量>100万t,固定碳平均品位为4.05%。矿体赋存于石墨片岩-片麻岩中,呈层状、透镜状产出,走向北东—北北东,产状与围岩一致,矿体与围岩呈渐变过渡关系。矿石类型为石墨片岩-片麻岩型,矿石矿物为鳞片状石墨,脉石矿物主要为石英、长石、云母及少量金属矿物。矿石中片度≥147 μm（+100目）的石墨占94.43%,工业类型为大鳞片晶质石墨矿石。以视极化率6%为异常下限,共圈定4处激电异常,高极化率异常与低电阻率异常对应良好,探矿工程确定为矿体出露位置。该石墨矿的找矿模型：新元古代莫桑比克活动带中一套中高级副变质岩系为区域找矿标志,石墨片岩、石墨片麻岩露头为矿区找矿的直接标志,延伸方向与地层走向一致的条带状低阻、高极化异常带为地球物理找矿标志。该石墨矿的地质特征及找矿模型可作为在坦桑尼亚寻找同类矿床的参考。