高边坡稳定性研究现状及发展展望

在分析研究国内外有关斜坡(尤其是高边坡)稳定性研究文献的基础上,对当前这一领域的研究现状作了简要评述,提出了今后的研究方向和复杂岩体高边坡稳定性研究的基本思路与方法。     

Adsorbed silica in stalagmite carbonate and its relationship to past rainfall

Despite considerable work on other trace elements, the incorporation of dissolved silicon from cave waters into speleothems has not been previously investigated. In this study, the controls on dissolved Si in cave waters and on adsorbed Si in resulting speleothems are therefore investigated. Bedrock (dolomite), soil water, dripping water, and cave carbonates were retrieved from Heshang Cave situated in the central Yangtze valley of China and were subjected to analysis of dissolved Si content (plus accompanying Ca and Fe analyses). Soil waters have Si/Ca of 45.5 mmol/mol, compared to only 3.2 mmol/mol in the dolomite bedrock, demonstrating that >80% of the dissolved Si must come from dissolution of silicate minerals in the soil. Drip waters have a dissolved Si concentration of ≈4.2 μg/mL, similar to that in the overlying soil water. Actively growing cave carbonates have a Si/Ca of 0.075 mmol/mol suggesting a partition coefficient for incorporation of dissolved silicon of 0.0014, in good agreement with previous laboratory studies. Extrapolating the results of these laboratory studies to the cave environment suggests that changes in Si/Ca in cave carbonates are likely to be primarily controlled by changes in drip-water Si/Ca. The drip-water Si/Ca will, in turn, be controlled by the rate of wind-blown silicate supply; by soil weathering rates; by rainfall dilution; and by precipitation of calcite. The general expectation is that these effects combine to produce high Si/Ca in speleothems during times of low rainfall. A δ¹⁸O record from a Heshang Cave stalagmite which grew between 20 and 11 thousand years ago allows these controls to be tested. Correlation of high Si/Ca with high δ¹⁸O demonstrates that regional rainfall exerts significant (but not complete) control on speleothem Si/Ca. With further understanding, speleothem Si/Ca may provide a proxy for past rainfall to complement existing proxies such as δ¹⁸O and Mg/Ca.     

Hydrocarbon Generating Potential of Mineral—Bituminous Matrix in Source Rocks

Mineral-bituminous matrix(MBM) makes up a major part of source rocks,but its potential in hydrocarbon generation is uncertain,Mineral and organic (Maceral and kerogen) compositions,organic maturity and fluorescence of MBM are studied based on source rock samples from eastern Jiuquan(Jiudong)Basin.The results show that MBM is dominated by inorganic minerals and among the small percentage of organic components those of secondary origins are predominant over the primary species.This strongly indicates that the significance of MBM in hydrocarbon generation is limited.     

The introduction of neural network system and its applications in rock engineering

The neural network system has been developing very fast recently. It has been widely used in many industries such as automation, nuclear power plant, chemical industry, etc. Neural network systems have a great advantage in dealing with problems in which many factors influence the process and result, and the understanding of this process is poor, and there are experimental data or field data. In rock engineering, many problems are of this nature. In this paper, a brief introduction to neural network systems is given. Problems such as what is a neural network, how it works and what kind of advantages it has are discussed. After this, several applications in rock engineering, made by us, are presented. Case 1 is ore boundary delineation. In this case, the rock are divided into three classes, i.e.: (1) waste rock; (2) semi-ore; and (3) ore for mining purposes. The neural network system built can judge whether it is ore, semi-ore or waste rock along the borehole according its corresponding geophysical logging data, such as gamma-ray, gamma-gamma, neutron and resistivity. Case 2 is aggregate quality prediction. In this case, the quality parameters: (1) impact value; (2) abrasion value I; and (3) abrasion value II are predicted by using a neural network system based on density, point load, content of quarts and content of brittle minerals. Case 3 is rock indentation depth prediction. In this case, the rock indentation depth under indentation load is predicted by the established neural network system based on the indentation load on rock, indenter type and rock mechanical properties, such as uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus. Poisson's ratio, critical energy release rate and density. In all these cases, the neural network systems have been applied successfully. The testing results are satisfactory and better than the existing techniques.     

用窗口法估计不连续面的连通率

基于不连续面与窗口交切的必需而充分的条件,推导了不连续面迹长、间断长和不连续面连通率的估算公式,通过实例验证了该公式的正确性。     

高放废物处置库预选场地地学信息库的建立

本文以高放废物处置库预选场地甘肃北山玉门镇地学信息库的建立为例,详细阐述了地理信息系统在高放废物地质处置中的应用,并在此基础上分析了其应用前景,为不同层次的管理、科研人员提供了全新思路;介绍了将地理信息系统技术引入图件和资料管理的优点。     

软岩地区钻孔嵌岩灌注桩承载力确定的探讨

单桩承载力的确定,在桩基础的设计中占有重要地位。但在软岩地区由于地层岩性的不同,单桩承载力的实际工作性状与国家规范的规定之间不尽相同。根据实测资料对软岩地区的单桩承载力的确定方法进行探讨,综合考虑嵌岩段侧阻力与端阻力之间的相互协调对嵌岩段所能提供的承载力的影响,提出一种新的计算方法,并结合工程实例,进行验证。     

东昆仑造山带海西—印支期构造古地理演化的古地磁证据

东昆仑造山带从北向南依次可划分出东昆北带、东昆中混杂岩带、东昆南带、阿尼玛卿混杂岩带和巴颜喀拉带５个大地构造地层带．根据对各地层带物质建造序列和构造古地理的研究基础之上所进行的古地磁分析认为,东昆北、东昆南、阿尼玛卿３个构造单元,在海西—印支期均处于北纬１４°～２０°之间．迄今为止,三者由南而北已漂移了约１５００～２０００ｋｍ．３个构造单元在不同时期的古纬度及古纬度差反映了多岛洋盆扩张和闭合的多旋回性．从东昆中到巴颜喀拉带,其洋盆的开裂、收缩、关闭和前陆盆地的演化更替,无论在时间上和地理位置上均呈现规律性的从北向南依次迁移的特点,即在时间和平面上构成定向性构造迁移和多旋回．     

矾山岩浆岩型磷(铁)矿床成矿地质背景分析

在矾山磷（铁）矿床生成的海西─印支期,各方向深大断裂同时活动,为岩体和矿床源源不断地提供物源;张宣幔枝构造外围拆离滑脱带为其提供容岩空间;岩体在复盖层下的巨厚沉积盖层中分异、演化,同时伴随着印支期开阔宽缓的褶皱。它充分反映了矿床生成于准地台活化初期的大地构造背景环境。     

湘南地区“黄沙坪式”铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿方向

“黄沙坪式”铅锌矿是实现湘南地区新一轮铅锌找矿重大突破的主攻类型。本文系统介绍了这类矿床的地质特征和成矿规律,指出了主要找矿标志和优选靶区,并提出了下步工作建议