免烧粉煤灰滤料的制备及其性能的研究

为了扩大粉煤灰的应用范围,减少其对环境的污染,并且寻求一种新的水处理滤料的配方与制备方法,以粉煤灰、粘土为主要原料,以生石灰、石膏、水泥为激发剂,以H₂O₂（双氧水）、NaHCO₃为发泡剂,经搅拌、成型、自然冷却等工艺在实验室制备了免烧粉煤灰滤料.结果表明,如果以孔隙率作为主要的性能评价指标,制备免烧粉煤灰滤料的最佳质量配比为：粉煤灰46.30%,粘土13.89%,生石灰18.52%,水泥13.89%,石膏1.85%,纯H₂O₂ 5.55%,此时所制滤料的孔隙率为72.24%.     

基于T213集合预报的延伸期产品释用方法及初步试验

基于T213集合预报系统2008年1月中国及附近区域500 hPa高度和850 hPa温度的1~15 d预报资料,构建延伸期产品释用方法,通过对逐日11~15 d预报资料做集合平均和后向衰减权重系数滑动平均,进而得到延伸期(11~15 d)候平均和候距平预报,并对预报效果进行检验,结果表明:对11~15 d预报场做集合平均和后向衰减权重系数滑动平均均能降低预报误差,改善整体预报效果。由此得到的500 hPa高度场和850 hPa温度场11~1 5 d候平均预报误差与逐日控制预报第5d的水平相当,候距平相关系数均接近0.6,整体而言效果较好,具备一定的应用价值。500 hPa高度场和850 hPa温度场11~15 d候距平预报在中国大陆地区位相准确率均较高,东南沿海和东北部分地区稍差,且850 hPa温度场的位相准确率整体高于500 hPa高度场。候距平预报对延伸期(11~15 d)的大范围持续性异常距平具有较强的捕捉能力,对异常距平出现的范围和分布、强距平中心的位置的预报均较好,但强度整体偏弱。     

Influence of coastal wind on surface ozone and nitrogen oxides in suburban Shanghai

Surface ozone, NO, NO₂, and NO _x were measured at a coastal site (Shihua) and a nearby inland site (Zhujing) in suburban Shanghai for the whole year of 2009. More days with ozone pollution in a longer time range were observed at the coastal site than the inland site. The diurnal variations of NO _x concentrations were obviously higher at Zhujing station, while those of ozone concentrations were higher at Shihua station, indicating their different air pollution conditions. Coastal wind has significant influence on the levels and characteristics of the air pollutants. The ozone concentrations during maritime winds (MW) were much higher than those during continental winds (CW) at each of the site, while the NO and NO₂ concentrations were both opposite. The ozone concentrations at Shihua station were much higher than those at Zhujing station, while the NO and NO₂ concentrations were both opposite. The ozone concentrations at both of the two sites showed a distinct “weekend effects” and “weekdays effects” patterns during CW and MW, respectively. Correlation analysis of the pollutants showed that, the compounds during MW were more age than those during CW, and the compounds at Shihua were more age than those at Zhujing. The air pollutions at both of the two sites are mainly associated with the pollutants emitted in this region instead of long range transport.     

THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEA SURFACE WIND ALONG THE COAST OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE IN CHINA

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of sea surface wind in Guangdong''s coastal areas were analyzed with data from four offshore observational stations between 2012 and 2015. The results are shown as follows: (1) The probability distribution of wind speed was basically consistent with Gaussian distribution characteristics; winds of Beaufort force 6 or higher were observed mainly in far offshore stations from October to March. (2) The probability distribution of wind direction was represented well by Weibull distribution. The deviation of wind direction of far station was relatively small for it was mainly controlled by monsoon over the South China Sea, while the near offshore station had a relatively large diurnal variation because of the influence of local synoptic systems such as sea-land breeze. (3) There were significant seasonal differences in wind speed and direction observed by different offshore observational stations. In strong wind seasons, the deviation of wind direction was relatively small while the deviation of wind speed was relatively large, and vice versa. In contrast with Class I station, the other three stations exhibited approximately normal distribution of wind direction and wind speed deviations. (4) Wind direction diurnal variation was moderate in windy periods, while it was obvious in relatively lower speed conditions. The deviation of wind speed in windy periods was generally greater because it was influenced by mesoscale weather systems for 10-20 h, and the influence was complicated, resulting in greater local differences in wind speed.     

Interpretation of IPCC AR6 on buildings北大核心CSCD

IPCC于2022年4月正式发布了第六次评估报告(AR6)第三工作组(WGⅢ)报告《气候变化2022:减缓气候变化》,该报告以已发布的第一和第二工作组报告作为基础,评估了各领域减缓气候变化的进展。报告的第九章建筑章节系统全面地评估了全球建筑领域的温室气体排放现状、趋势和驱动因素,综述并评估了建筑减缓气候变化的措施、潜力、成本和政策。报告主要结论认为,全球建筑领域有可能在2050年实现温室气体净零排放,但如果政策措施执行不力,将有可能在建筑领域形成长达几十年的高碳锁定效应。报告的主要结论将成为全球建筑领域应对气候变化行动的重要参考,对于我国建筑领域实现碳达峰、碳中和目标也有非常重要的借鉴意义。     

基于百度地图的精细化格点预报显示

精细化格点要素预报是目前中国气象局的主推业务和未来天气预报的发展方向,如何有效地将预报产品提供给用户使用,是精细化格点预报的最终环节。本文介绍了基于百度地图API的陕西精细化格点预报显示系统,系统主要实现了:(1)降水预报,以CMORPH(NOAA Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method)卫星与全国3万个自动观测站的逐时降水量融合资料为基础,通过动态偏差订正的方法来提高格点降水的预报能力;温度预报,采用滑动线性回归的方法来改善温度预报效果。(2)任意位置的地理信息获取及对应格点240h预报时效的气象要素实时展示。(3)格点气象要素向站点转换,通过格点值提取全省98个观测站逐3h站点预报值,实时分析过去24h降水、温度预报与观测值的误差,供用户预判未来预报值的可能误差趋势;并提供未来168h逐日要素预报。(4)与以往的数据库后台支撑不同,本系统直接将3.5GB格点预报数据一次性读入内存,进行侦听,解决了数据库检索、调用效率低下的问题。     

土地规划的自然过程基础与大数据时代的方法探索

随着城市化与工业化程度不断加深,产业空间结构不断重组,导致土地供需矛盾日益突出,国土资源无序开发日益严重,因而优化国土资源空间格局,成为生态文明建设的首要任务。同时,科学合理配置土地资源对土地规划提出了更高要求,传统土地规划方法有待改革。在基于尊重自然、顺应自然的开发理念下,总结土地自然过程基础对土地规划的影响,实现“山水路林田生命共同体”的协调规划发展。其次,“大数据”时代的来临,云计算、空间数据整合、云分析等技术对土地规划方法提供新的技术支撑;最后,针对土地规划数据特殊性、移动用户终端的广泛性,提出应创建土地规划云服务平台,使土地规划实现数据集成管理和更新,从而提高土地规划质量。     

近10年北京经济职能的发展变化

利用北京1992年、1997年和2002年投入产出表信息,根据净输出判断城市基本部门,采用主成分-因子分析等方法辨识产业群,借此分析了北京近10年间的经济功能变化。电子和信息产业群、医药产业群是北京第三功能优势和科技优势与第二产业的结合而发展的基本部门群。造纸及文教用品、家具制造业与高级服务业也形成了一个关联较密切的产业群。资源环境条件对北京的产业发展产生了一定的约束,但钢铁和机械工业群与石油加工和化学工业群中核心产业的发展却出现了相反的趋势,后者利用已有基础和相对有利的微观区位获得了明显的发展。本文尝试性地提出了“基本部门群”的概念,即核心产业为城市基本部门的产业群。     

安徽齐云山丹霞地貌成因

According to the study of some local scholars (Peng Hua et al., 2000), over 400 sites of Danxia landform have been already discovered in China. Chen Guoda (1935), Zeng Zhaoxuan et al. (1978), Huang Jin et al. (1992; 1994; 1996) and Peng Hua et al. (1998; …