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951.
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953.
基于偏移成像的微地震定位方法由于可避免走时拾取误差以及可实现自动化定位等优点被广泛应用.绕射叠加方法将能量沿走时曲线聚焦到空间网格点上,进行成像时需要搜索发震时刻.干涉成像方法利用互相关提取的走时差信息可避免搜索发震时刻,但定位结果受数据信噪比的影响较大.为了进一步提高干涉成像法的定位精度,本文提出一种同时使用互相关和自相关道集的全干涉成像方法,增加的自相关道集提取的S-P走时差可降低震源-检波器方向的定位误差,提高定位精度.单井监测的理论测试和实际数据的研究结果表明,全干涉成像的定位精度高于仅使用互相关道集的干涉成像方法,同时计算效率高于绕射叠加方法. 相似文献
954.
Jinjing Pan Wei Shangguan Lu Li Hua Yuan Shupeng Zhang Xinjie Lu Nan Wei Yongjiu Dai 《水文研究》2019,33(23):2978-2996
Soil moisture (SM) is a key variable of land surface‐atmosphere interactions. Data‐driven methods have been used to predict SM, but the predictability of SM has not been well evaluated. This study investigated what variables and methods can be used to better predict SM for leading times of 7 days or longer with a global coverage of FLUXNET site data for the first time. Three machine‐learning models, that is, Bayesian linear regression, random forest, and gradient boosting regression tree, are used for the prediction. Variables including atmospheric forcing, surface soil temperature, time variables (year, day of year, and hour), the Fourier transformation of time variables, and lagged SM (7‐ to 14‐day lagged) were sequentially added into models. A framework with five experiments is designed for factorial exploration of SM predictability. A stepwise method was used to build the best models for each site. The performance of regression models became better when adding more explaining variables in most cases. The results showed that from 50 to 95% of variation of the best models can be explained. The important explaining variables are lagged surface SM, followed by day of year, year, soil temperature, and atmospheric forcing. The predictability of SM depends highly on SM memory characteristics and the persistence of seasonality. The effect of SM memory characteristics on SM prediction as an initial condition question has been widely discussed in this paper. Our results also provide an insight that mechanisms of seasonality effects on SM should be also paid more attention to. 相似文献
955.
The major hydrological factors in lake-marsh systems are water level (depth), water surface area, and water volume. The key index for determining the lake-marsh pattern is water level, which leads to the variation of lake-marsh patterns under natural hydrological alternations. In addition, the vegetation structure also affects the lake-marsh pattern. With socioeconomic development and climate change, the ‘land use’ and ‘water use’ competitions appear more seriously between a lake-marsh system and its surrounding socioeconomic system, also inside the lake-marsh system. The possible optimal lake-marsh pattern could solve the contradictions mentioned above. As few studies focus on this issue, this study proposed an optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method with eco-hydrological management on relieving the land use and water use competitions. The optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method considers the protection objects (water depth demands), water supply (precipitation, surface water, and groundwater), and water demand (especially evapotranspiration) in the system at annual and monthly scales. Calculation and analysis were performed for the optimal pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands as an example. The results mainly showed that the lake-marsh pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands cannot be achieved on meeting both the maximum ecological services values and minimum water shortage amount under present natural condition. With artificial regulation measures, the possible optimal annual lake-marsh patterns can be obtained based on both ecological and hydrological objectives, with the area ratio of lake and marsh in the range of 0.650:0.350 and 0.726:0.274, the corresponding water level of lake body was of 86.85 to 87.0 m. This study could provide references for the Wolonghu Wetlands management, also for similar lake-marsh systems and other ecological systems. 相似文献
956.
Wu Jizong Liu Wenyao Chen Zhikang Xiang Hua Guo Guanghuan Liu Fengying Liu Nairong Wang Tonghuan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1991,9(4):306-318
Complex correlation analysis of remotely sensed multi-spectral images of large scale and series of measurements taken simultaneously
on the ground, together with closer attention to the optical characteristics of chlorophyll, yielded quantitative estimates
of the chlorophyll distribution, a principal index of nutrient in Yuqiao Reservoir. This is one of the approaches to monitoring
nutrients in lakes. 相似文献
957.
In this paper, we give theBV photoelectric light curves of the Algol-type eclipsing binary EU Hydrae. We have analysed its period by means of the times of minima determined from this observation and the times of minima which other observers published. The period was found to gradually decrease with a change rate dP/dE = -3
.
d
29 × 10–10. The obtained light curves have been solved using Wilson-Devinney's synthetic light-curve program. The results demonstrate that EU Hydrae is a detached system, the secondary component fills the Roche-lobe, its mass ratio is 0.205. EU Hya may evolve to be a semidetached system in which the secondary component fills the Roche-lobe. 相似文献
958.
通过系统清理1996年以来中国大陆70个Ms≥5.5级地震序列的"强余震"Lg△t-Lgt关系,对强余"等待时间"判别方案预报效能进行了评估。结果表明,其回顾性预报的Wallen评分为:6级以上地震序列V=0.60,5.5级以上地震序列为0.44,说明其在地震序列类型判断方面有一定的效能。对实际震例分析得出,该方案在判定主余型序列方面成功率较高,而对于双震或多震序列,有时会产生某些误判;对6级以上地震序列的预测成功率高一些,对低震级的序列判断应慎重。 相似文献
959.
Cryptoendolithic microbial communities in the Ross Desert (McMurdo Dry Valleys) are characterized on the basis of photosynthetic microorganisms and fungi. Two eukaryotic communities (the lichen-dominated and Hemichloris communities) and three cyanobacterial communities (the red Gloeocapsa, Hormathonema-Gloeocapsa, and Chroococcidiopsis communities) are described. Eleven coccoid, one pleurocapsoid, and five filamentous cyanobacteria occurring in these communities are characterized and illustrated. The moisture grade of the rock substrate seems to affect pH, formation of primary iron stain, and the distribution of microbial communities. 相似文献
960.
北京地区局地环流观测分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
应用2008—2015年逐时自动气象站观测资料,分析了北京地区局地风场的分布特点及季节性变化。结果表明:(1)北京地区局地风场受山谷风和城市热岛环流的共同影响,风速主要沿地形梯度分布。西部、北部高海拔山地风速较大,平原地带风速相对较小。平均而言,东西方向的局地风强度约为0.16m·s~(-1),南北方向的局地风强度约为0.07m·s~(-1)。(2)局地风速在季节分布上以夏季为最大,冬季为最小。其日变化为双峰型结构,于每日09及16时左右达到峰值区。(3)局地风速的u、v分量在正(负)距平的维持时长、日振幅值上存在较明显的差异。低层风场在午后到前半夜以东南风为主,后半夜开始到正午前则以西北风为主。 相似文献