关于波浪作用下粉土质海床中共振现象的解释

本文详细讨论了粉土质床在波浪作用下所呈现共振现象的力学机制。利用有限深海床下波浪载荷对土层响应的研究，系统地比较了理论计算结果和实验结果。提出在波浪作用下粉土质土层中存在着一硬土层，从而引发Ｂｒａｇｇ共振。     

FY-3E: The First Operational Meteorological Satellite Mission in an Early Morning Orbit

Fengyun-3 E(FY-3E),the world’s first early-morning-orbit meteorological satellite for civil use,was launched successfully at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 5 July 2021.The FY-3E satellite will fill the vacancy of the global early-morning-orbit satellite observation,working together with the FY-3C and FY-3D satellites to achieve the data coverage of early morning,morning,and afternoon orbits.The combination of these three satellites will provide global data coverage for numerical weather prediction(NWP)at 6-hour intervals,effectively improving the accuracy and time efficiency of global NWP,which is of great significance to perfect the global earth observing system.In this article,the background and meteorological requirements for the early-morning-orbit satellite are reviewed,and the specifications of the FY-3E satellite,as well as the characteristics of the onboard instrumentation for earth observations,are also introduced.In addition,the ground segment and the retrieved geophysical products are also presented.It is believed that the NWP communities will significantly benefit from an optimal temporal distribution of observations provided by the early morning,mid-morning,and afternoon satellite missions.Further benefits are expected in numerous applications such as the monitoring of severe weather/climate events,the development of improved sampling designs of the diurnal cycle for accurate climate data records,more efficient monitoring of air quality by thermal infrared remote sensing,and the quasicontinuous monitoring of the sun for space weather and climate.     

黄土丘陵干旱区地下水资源遥感调查研究

以宁夏固原县东部的黄土丘陵干旱地区为研究区，利用ETM的热红外波段进行地下水资源遥感调查，识别对地下水资源和水环境有重要影响的地形地貌、岩性构造、土壤植被、水系特征等综合自然体的遥感特征，分析研究地表水与地下水联系的环境条件，提取遥感找水信息异常，圈定找水靶区，为探水井设计及施工提供重要依据，取得了良好的应用效果。     

湘西北页岩层地震反射波组特征研究

湘西北地区发育寒武系下统牛蹄塘组、志留系下统龙马溪组两套富有机质黑色页岩。通过合成地震记录和已知地质特征推断反射层位的方法,对两套含烃黑色页岩层的地震地质特征、波组层位识别、波组特征进行了分析对比,总结出湘西北地区页岩层地震反射波所具有的典型特征:龙马溪组存在3~4个强相位,主频集中在30Hz左右;牛蹄塘组存在3个强反射界面,因深度加大,其主频集中在20Hz左右。由于龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组二组地层间距达2 500~3 000m,因此在湘西北地区将二组地层的反射波视作一个波系,其二维地震剖面存在3个波组4个反射层位或3个波组3个反射层位,三个波组分别为龙马溪组,中寒武底界及牛蹄塘组。另外因龙马溪组砂质泥岩段具有低速、低密度、低电阻率、高放射性等特征,其界面波阻抗差异较大,可作为本区的地震波标志层位。     

利用地震噪声准实时监测短周期面波波速变化

依据由噪声信号提取面波格林函数的原理,利用福建省地震台网25个宽频带台站2007年7月2日—8月29日的脉动观测资料,得到了瑞雷波群速度在福建地区的分布,并将该结果作为下一步相对变化动态成像的背景速度分布．分布结果表明,福建地区周期为3—5s的瑞雷波群速度大致在2.9—3.1km/s之间,平均速度为3.0km/s,瑞雷波群速度分布呈北高南低的现象,这与福建地区北部多山、南部多平原盆地的地理环境有很好的吻合．而且,该群速度分布图在漳州盆地地区表现出一个非常明显的低速,这主要是因为受到盆地沉积层的影响．通过滑动窗（窗长为20d,步长1d）技术得到了观测区内周期约为3-5s的瑞雷波波速分布变化的连续图像;再利用扣除背景影响的技术,得到了2007年8月14日—2008年7月1日福建地区瑞雷波波速的相对变化时空动态图像．通过分析相对变化时空动态图像与该时间范围内发生的地震的对应关系,表明福建地区瑞雷波波速在多次网内中等强度的地震或震群（ML＞3.0）中均表现出震前波速升高,震后下降恢复的变化趋势．初步分析认为,这可能与震前整个地区受到的应力增大震后应力得到释放所导致的介质变化有关．      

福建省水系沉积物微量元素含量特征及成矿远景预测

根据区域化探水系沉积物测量分析３万余件样品中４０种元素含量，统计了３２种微量元素的背景平均值，浓度克拉克值，总体变化系数等参数。在利用水系沉积物富集系数估计值对浓度克拉克值进行校正后，使用顺序号累加法对福建省３２种元素内生成矿作用的规模进行预测排序，并分析了银，硼的资源潜力。     

不同时间尺度上的热带海气耦合扰动

本文从热带地球流体运动的物理特征出发,建立了适合热带地区特点的海气耦合模式方程组并对之进行了系统的尺度分析,指出时间尺度不同的运动其受控的物理过程各异。基于这种时间尺度的差异,我们有可能将不同时间尺度的运动分开来研究。计算结果表明,去掉海洋中的波动过程,仅仅考虑与海洋表面温度场的变化相联系的扰动形式会对耦合系统及耦合扰动的性质造成很大影响。由此看来,Ｎｅｅｌｉｎ所谓的“快波极限”不是一种好的近似。     

发展方程的非线性计算不稳定问题

进一步讨论了有关非线性不稳定的一些问题,其主要内容有： １．考察了有代表性的三类发展方程,指出其对应的差分格式是否出现非线性计算不稳定,与原微分方程解的性质密切相关。 ２．进一步讨论了带周期边条件的守恒型差分格式的非线性计算稳定性问题,总结了克服非线性不稳定的有效措施。 ３．以非线性平流方程为例,着重分析了带非周期边条件的非守恒差分格式的非线性计算稳定性问题,给出了判别其计算稳定性的“综合分析判别法”。     

青藏高原东边缘山区极值风速推算方法的研究

利用1971—2001年青藏高原东边缘地区12个气象台站风资料,分析了影响极值风速的主要因子,通过对地形的参数化处理,建立了极值风速随海拔高度和地形参数变化的拟合模型,可推算该地山区的极值风速,并利用山区临时观测资料对拟合模型进行了检验。结果表明,利用引入地形参数所建立的极值风速拟合模型来推算山区极值风速具有一定的可行性。     

Climatic regime shift and decadal anomalous events in China

Climatic time series from historical documents and instrumental records from China showed temporal and regional patterns in the last two to three centuries, including two multidecadal oscillations at quasi-20-year and quasi-70-year timescales revealed by signal analysis from wavelet transform. Climatic anomalous events on the decadal timescale were identified based on the two oscillations when their positive (or negative) phases coincide with each other to amplify amplitude. The coldest event occurred in the decade of 1965–1975 in eastern China, while the periods of 1920–1930, 1940–1950, and 1988–2000 appeared to be warmer in most parts of China. For the precipitation series in northern China, the dry anomalous event was found in the late 1920s, while the wet anomalous event occurred in the 1950s. A severe drought in 1927–1929 in northern China coincided with the anomalous warm and dry decade, caused large-scale famine in nine provinces over northern China. Climatic anomalous events with a warm-dry or cold-wet association in the physical climate system would potentially cause severe negative impacts on natural ecosystem in the key vulnerable region over northern China. The spatial pattern of summer rainfall anomalies in the eastern China monsoon region showed an opposite variations in phase between the Yellow River Valley (North China) and the mid-low Yangtze River Valley as well as accompanied the shift of the northernmost monsoon boundary. Climatic regime shifts for different time points in the last 200 years were identified. In North China, transitions from dry to wet periods occurred around 1800, 1875, and 1940 while the transitions from wet to dry periods appeared around 1840, 1910, and the late 1970s. The reversal transition in these time points can also be found in the lower Yangtze River. Climatic regime shifts in China were linked to the interaction of mid- and low latitude atmospheric circulations (the westerly flow and the monsoon flow) when they cross the Tibetan Plateau in East Asia.