Failure mechanisms and characteristics of the 2016 catastrophic rockslide at Su village,Lishui, China

This paper describes a recent large rockslide, which occurred at Su village in Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China, on September 28, 2016. In the past decade, a vegetation-free deformed surface was clearly visible and frequent rockfalls were noticed. Due to strong sustained rainfall, approximately 0.4 million m³ of granite blocks rapidly descended from the upper part of the hillside. The mass rushed into the V-shaped valley resulting in the formation of a barrier dam and dammed lake. The catastrophic rockslide caused 27 deaths and more than 20 houses were destroyed. The evolutionary process before the rockslide is clearly captured by high-resolution remote sensing images and photos. Video of the rockslide and field investigations show entrainment of superficial material in the middle and lower parts of the slope.     

水位骤变触发库岸堆积层滑坡的物理模型试验及机理分析

库区水位骤变容易引起库岸边坡堆积层滑坡,而水库库岸滑坡往往会直接造成水工建筑物的损毁、减少有效库容,因此深入研究其诱发机理和变形破坏模式具有重要意义。本试验在模型箱内进行,其净空尺寸为100cm60cm60cm（长宽高）,内设不透水底板模拟基岩体,通过水闸可以实现水位的骤降。在不透水底板上填筑有厚度约为20cm的堆积层,并在堆积层内部埋设传感器,用于测量土压力和孔隙水压力的变化过程,并在试验全过程中用摄像机记录了滑坡的变形位移情况。试验结果表明：在水位上升过程中堆积层表面会形成张拉裂缝,边坡前缘涉水区域发生局部破坏,主要是由于库水入渗后,水对岩土体会造成抗剪强度弱化; 水位骤降时,堆积层会沿着基岩面发生整体下滑,滞留在土体中的孔隙水压引起的渗流力是导致该滑坡发生的主要因素; 由于水库库岸堆积层滑坡是在渗流力牵引作用下发生,故滑坡失稳模式一般为牵引式滑坡。     

太阳星云凝聚过程的岩石学模型：（Ⅱ）非球陨石、C1陨石及类C1陨石的凝聚成因和小行星区星云凝聚作用

综述了非球陨石（铁陨石,石铁陨石和无球粒陨石）在成分结构方面的非分异成因证据,推断其成因是：星云盘中心层中的星云发生气－液凝聚作用形成的熔滴,在较高温度下彼此合并形成了较大熔体,熔体固化后形成该类陨石母体。根据Ｃ１陨石不含球粒和其它成分特征,推断它们是星云只发生气－固凝聚作用的产物。对近年来新发现的一些特殊成分的碳质球粒陨石进行了综合分析,暂定名为类Ｃ１陨石。通过类Ｃ１陨石与其它球粒陨石及Ｃ１陨石成分结构特征的对比,推断它们是星云盘边缘层星云发生气－液－固和气－固联合凝聚作用,同时发生水化作用的产物。最后,在对所有陨石凝聚成因进行解释的基础上,建立了小行星区星云凝聚模型。     

DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL URBANIZATION IN FUJIAN COASTAL AREA

I.DynamicStI.uctureofRegioIlalUl.baIlizati0llRegionalurbanizationa11dregionaleconol11icdevelopl1lel1tarecloselyrelated.Tl1eprocessofregionaleconol11icdevelopmentisactuallytheprocessofurbangroWthandurbansystel11developn1ent.Regiol1alurbal1izatiol1isl1otonlythespatiall11anifestati0nofregionaleconolllicdeveloplllent,butalsothespatialmeanstofosterregiol1aleconon1icdevelopment.Tl1el11ajortheoriesofdeveloplnentec0nomicsanddeveloplllel1ttheoriesofregiollaleconon1icsaftertl1eSec0l1dWorldWarareall…     

Distribution of primary school based on spatial network comprehensive model in low-income mountainous cities: a case study in Wanyuan,China

Focusing on the peculiarities of urban construction resulting from specific mountain terrains, the purpose of this study is to find out a suitable method based on a Spatial Network Comprehensive Model (SNCM) to reasonably plan and distribute primary schools in low-income mountain cities. The construction principles and advantages of the SNCM method are proposed and the method tested in Wanyuan city of Qinba Mountain area (Southwest China) to verify its feasibility and optimization. Taking account of the mountain terrain and its influence on user behavior, we used the SNCM method to build a comprehensive model which integrates the road slope and the walking speed of pupils into the basic spatial model. The model is used to calculate a reasonable layout of the primary schools and to validate the rationale. The results show that the SNCM method can be effectively applied in low-income mountainous cities. It can not only improve the accessibility and service efficiency of primary schools using as little capital-investment as possible, but also help the city grow in an intensive and efficient way.     

菏泽市保障项目用地的几点做法

菏泽市是一个拥有近900万人口的农业大市,土地总面积1．2万km^2,农用地96．98万hm^2,其中耕地83．13万hm^2,基本农田保护率86％。近年来,随着“突破菏泽”战略的实施,菏泽市经济进入快速发展阶段,工业化、城镇化进程不断加快,呈现出良好发展态势。2008年1-6月,实现国民生产总值386．2亿元,同比增长17％;实现地方财政收入26．9亿元,增长25．6％;完成规模以上固定资产投资168亿元,增长14．5％;服务业实现增加值94．6亿元,增长21．3％;农民人均现金收入2434元,增长20．5％。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯乌兰木伦遗址 2010年1期试掘及其意义

乌兰木伦遗址于2010年发现并进行了首期试掘,在7个文化层位中获得石制品1500余件、动物化石千余件以及人类用火遗迹。初步观察和研究表明,该遗址以石片石器为特点的石制品类型十分丰富,工具组合具有明显的旧石器中期的特点,且与欧洲的莫斯特文化存在不少相似之处; 以披毛犀为代表的哺乳动物化石属于华北晚更新世萨拉乌苏动物群; 沉积相和哺乳动物、软体动物化石的性质表明当时人类生活于较为温暖、湿润的气候环境中; 化石总体比较破碎,一些碎骨化石上可见明显的石器切割痕迹,同时发现有大量骨片,带剥片痕的骨核化石和若干骨器标本以及烧骨,反映出当时人类的肉食、熟食习惯等利用动物骨骼的生活行为方式。经 14 C与光释光结合测定乌兰木伦遗址年代为距今70~30ka,属于旧石器时代中期。乌兰木伦遗址的发现、试掘与初步研究,为我国北方旧石器中期文化的研究增添了新的内涵,同时也为现代人起源和中西方文化交流研究提供了新的线索。     

Spatial variations of Pb,As, and Cu in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A,East Antarctica

The spatial distributions of lead, arsenic, and copper(Pb, As, and Cu, respectively) in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica, are presented. The mean concentrations of Pb, As, and Cu are1.04±1.56 pg/g, 0.39±0.08 pg/g, and 11.2±14.4 pg/g, respectively. It is estimated that anthropogenic contributions are dominant for Pb, As, and Cu. Spatially, Pb concentrations show an exponentially decreasing trend from the coast inland, while a moderate decreasing trend is observed for Cu concentrations in the coastal area(below 2,000 m above sea level(a.s.l.)).In the intermediate area(2,000–3,000 m a.s.l.), the concentrations and enrichment factors of all these elements show high variability due to the complicated characteristics of climate and environment. On the inland plateau(above 3,000 m a.s.l.),the high concentrations of As and Pb are induced by high deposition efficiency, the existence of polar stratospheric precipitation, and the different fraction deposition to East Antarctica. The extremely high concentrations with maximum values of9.59 pg/g and 69.9 pg/g for Pb and Cu, respectively, are suggested to result mainly from local human activities at the station. Our results suggest that source, transport pathway, and deposition pattern, rather than distance from the coast or altitude, lead to the spatial distributions of Pb, As, and Cu; and it is further confirmed by spatial variations of the three metals deposited over the whole continent of Antarctica.     

锰元素在铁锰结核-土壤-旱地作物的分布研究

对广西宾阳县黎塘岩溶区铁锰结核、土壤及旱地作物锰含量进行了采样分析.结果表明:铁锰结核锰平均含量为876.61 mg/kg,土壤锰平均含量为388.72 mg/kg,铁锰结核对锰元素具有轻度富集效应,富集系数为2.26;铁锰结核、土壤中锰含量分别与其pH值、有机质含量呈正相关,成土母质与土壤锰含量密切相关;玉米叶中锰含...