通化市东昌区金厂至白鸡腰沿线采石场及采砂场矿山地质环境治理

本次需要治理的5处矿山遗留的地质环境问题严阻碍了社会发展,使当地人居环境恶化。综合地质灾害、生态环境、气象水文条件以及居民生产活动等因素,提出合理的治理工程方案,解决治理区内突出的矿山地质环境问题,消除或减少露采边坡存在的威胁,改善生态环境,营造一个宜居、宜人的生存环境,确保地方经济的可持续发展。通过治理消除或最大限度的减少露采边坡存在的威胁,确保人民生命财产安全和社会稳定。     

北京城市规划区水源热泵系统应用适宜性分区

鉴于北京市水源热泵系统应用过程中存在地下水水资源因不能完全回灌造成浪费及运行效率未能充分发挥等问题,本文针对水源热泵系统运行过程中地下水的抽灌模式,根据北京规划市区的水文地质条件,对水源热泵系统应用的适宜性进行了分区,为水源热泵技术因地制宜、合理有序应用提供了科学的思路。     

新疆东部基性超基性岩的地质地球化学特征

新疆东部基性超曲性岩常成群成带分布，明显受区域性深大断裂控制，可分为蛇绿岩套型和岩浆侵入型两种，前者包括阿尔曼太岩带和克拉美丽岩带，是蛇绿岩套的主要组成部分，前者包括阿尔曼太岩带和克拉美丽岩带，是蛇绿岩套的主要组成部分，包括喀拉通克岩带黄山岩带，为来源于上地幔的原始岩浆经分异，结晶而成，文中对这两类基性超基性岩的地质地球化学特征进行了系统研究。     

X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展

因宝石检测常附带无损要求、宝石评价具科学性和不确定性等特点,X射线衍射(XRD)在宝石学这门矿物学的分支学科中的应用具有特殊性,其应用领域主要集中在三个方面。①宝石鉴定领域:对单晶宝石和多晶宝石进行物相鉴定、宝石产地特征研究以及宝石矿物多型的种类划分等。例如根据XRD图谱,可将品种繁多的微晶石英隐晶质变种玉髓中不同的SiO₂质矿物相精确区分;通过黏土矿物成分及其含量可将鸡血石中"地"的种类进行划分。②宝石矿物的晶体结构研究:对成分复杂的单晶宝石进行晶体化学分析、获取矿物类质同象替代情况、利用结晶度划分宝石品质。例如晶格参数中的c/a比值可将绿柱石的Al八面体类质同象替代和Be四面体类质同象替代进行区分;软玉中通过XRD数据计算出的结晶度与软玉的品质关系密切。③宝石学研究技术的开发:对宝石的优化处理过程进行监测,在宝石合成过程中检验矿物晶形大小、结晶质量及内应力等,以有机宝石的晶体结构为基础的人工养殖技术研究。例如尖晶石在热处理过程中,Mg离子由四面体中的T位迁移至八面体中的M位,导致M-O和T-O键长随温度变化,并反映在尖晶石的色调中;在托帕石合成过程中,XRD数据显示770~800℃时形成含氟托帕石(与天然托帕石结构相同),而在950℃和1000℃出现含氟托帕石离解成刚玉和莫来石。目前,我国在宝石学的XRD应用方面起步较晚,国外在宝石鉴定、优化与合成方面的应用相对成熟。本文认为,该技术与扫描电镜、质子探针等分析技术的联用仍有很大发展空间。     

煤矸石制作轻质莫来石砖研究

本文研究了利用煤矸石生产高档轻质莫来石砖的可行性，实验研究表明，在煅烧后的煤矸石中加入部分工业氧化铝粉，一起混磨至８００目筛余小于５％，再经加有机质成型和１５５０℃×５小时煅烧，可制成物相及各种性能指标达到从德国进口轻质莫来石砖的制品。     

Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonothermal History of Permian Strata,Southwestern Weibei Uplift: Insights from Thermochronology and Geothermometry

This study provides an integrated interpretation for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin. Apatite fission-track and apatite/zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, bitumen reflectance, thermal conductivity of rocks, paleotemperature recovery, and basin modeling were used to restore the Meso-Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the Permian Strata. The Triassic AFT data have a pooled age of ～180±7 Ma with one age peak and P(χ2)=86%. The average value of corrected apatite(U-Th)/He age of two Permian sandstones is ～168±4 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age from the Cambrian strata is ～231±14 Ma. Bitumen reflectance and maximum paleotemperature of two Ordovician mudstones are 1.81%, 1.57% and ～210°C, ～196°C respectively. After undergoing a rapid subsidence and increasing temperature in Triassic influenced by intrusive rocks in some areas, the Permian strata experienced four cooling-uplift stages after the time when the maximum paleotemperature reached in late Jurassic:(1) A cooling stage(～163 Ma to ～140 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～132°C to ～53°C and a cooling rate of ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～1900 m and an uplift rate of ～82 m/Ma;(2) A cooling stage(～140 Ma to ～52 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～53°C to ～47°C and a cooling rate less than ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～300 m and an uplift rate of ～3 m/Ma;(3)(～52 Ma to ～8 Ma) with ～47°C to ～43°C and ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～500 m and an uplift rate of ～11 m/Ma;(3)(～8 Ma to present) with ～43°C to ～20°C and ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～650 m and an uplift rate of ～81 m/Ma. The tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Qishan area in Triassic was influenced by the interaction of the Qinling Orogeny and the Weibei Uplift, and the south Qishan area had the earliest uplift-cooling time compared to other parts within the Weibei Uplift. The early Eocene at ～52 Ma and the late Miocene at ～8 Ma, as two significant turning points after which both the rate of uplift and the rate of temperature changed rapidly, were two key time for the uplift-cooling history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin.     

长白山区图们江流域新生代火山岩的岩石化学研究

图们江流域新生代火山岩以溢流式喷发为特征，其主要岩石类型以拉斑玄武岩为主，含少量玄武质粗安岩、碱性玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和粗面玄武岩。根据图们江流域火山岩的Mg#（Mg#=100Mg^2＋／（Mg^2＋＋Fe^2＋））值多数≤60，Ni含量〈100μg／g和主、微量元素地球化学特征综合表明，形成火山岩的岩浆不是原始岩浆，它们是原始岩浆在上地幔经历了橄榄石、辉石分离结晶作用后形成的以拉斑玄武岩为主，包括碱性玄武岩和粗面玄武岩等演化岩浆，结晶分异作用是岩浆演化过程的主要控制因素。拉斑玄武质岩浆在上升过程中发生了不同程度的壳源物质同化混染作用，发生在上地壳遭受较大程度混染的岩浆K2O含量明显偏高（〉2．6％），形成玄武质粗安岩。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Late Jurassic shoshonitic lamprophyre dikes from the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China

This paper presents detailed mineral chemical, element geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data for the Late Jurassic (155?±?4 Ma) lamprophyre dikes in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China. The lamprophyres are shoshonitic and geochemically fall into three groups: Group I has relatively high SiO₂ (52.5–57.0 wt.%), low MgO (5.5–8.3 wt.%) and compatible trace element (e.g. Cr?=?128–470 ppm) contents, high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7093–0.7117), and low ε_Nd (T) values (?9.6 to ?12.1); Group II has relatively low SiO₂ (44.8–50.0 wt.%), high MgO (10.8–14.2 wt.%) and compatible trace element (e.g. Cr?=?456–1,041 ppm) contents, low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7073–0.7087), and high ε_Nd (T) values (?1.4 to ?2.9); Group III is transitional between the two in all elemental and isotopic compositions. Interpretation of the elemental and isotopic data suggests that the lamprophyric melts were derived by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) at a depth of 60–80 km (group I), decompression melting of upwelling asthenosphere at 60–100 km (group II), and mixing between the SCLM-derived and asthenosphere-derived melts (group III). It is assumed that the local SCLM was detached at a depth of 60–80 km by the 155 Ma ago. A continental arc-rifting related to the Palaeo-Pacific plate subduction is favored as a geodynamic force for such a cratonic lithosphere detachment.