利用雷达资料对自动雨量计实时质量控制的方法研究

自动雨量计资料是对降水的直接测量,在流域面雨量计算、气候研究、气象服务等方面具有重要意义。但是,由于风力、蒸发、灌溉、校准、漏斗堵塞、机械故障、信号传输等原因往往造成其存在不同类型的系统误差和随机误差, 自动雨量计数据在定量使用前需要进行质量控制。目前,天气雷达以其高时空分辨率的优势已经成为监测降水的重要手段,本文首先采用两步校准法改善雷达估测降水,然后对雷达—雨量计对之间的差异进行统计学的分析,确定自动雨量计质量控制的一些标准,从而对雨量计进行质量控制。最后用两个降水过程对自动雨量计质量控制的结果进行了检验,结果表明:两步校准法改善了雷达估测降水的系统性偏差,并减小了雨量计站点上的相对误差;可以利用雷达估测降水实现对自动雨量计的实时质量控制,就整个数据集而言,约0.1%的数据被怀疑为误判,误判的自动雨量计主要位于雨带的边缘。但该质量控制算法同时也存在一定的局限性:在雨带的边缘或没有天气雷达覆盖的区域,以及雷达资料存在数据质量问题的情况下,往往会造成对雨量计的误判。     

CINRAD／SA新一代天气雷达RHI／PPI扫描模式设计

中国新一代天气雷达CINRAD／SA，是以美国下一代天气雷达NEXRAD WSR-88D技术为基础进行研发的。由于NEXRAD雷达只支持体积扫描工作方式，需要对CINRAD／SA雷达系统进行改造，以实现RHI／PPI扫描工作方式。对CINRAD／SA雷达RHI／PPI扫描模式的系统设计和实现方法进行了讨论。     

气候变化背景下江苏省水稻气候适宜性区划研究

综合利用前人研究结果与江苏地区水稻生长所需的光、温、水特性,提出了江苏水稻气候适宜性评价指标为适宜生长期、5—10月降水量、t≥10℃活动积温、日照时数;依据现有稻麦(油)两熟的耕作制度,确立了江苏水稻气候适宜性区划因子和分级阈值。基于1961—2019年江苏省及周边共85个站(市、区)的气象数据,采用模糊综合评判法建立水稻气候适宜性评估模型,并确定综合评估指数,利用ArcGIS的自然断点法,将江苏中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳种植适宜区进行区划。通过30 a尺度下的年代际分析发现,由于适宜生长期延长和活动积温增加,使得四个品种特性的水稻适宜种植区域均有所调整,其中晚熟粳稻的种植范围北扩到淮河以南地区。     

上扬子地区早三叠世异常碳酸盐岩的分类与特征

上扬子地区晚二叠世晚期及早三叠世早期异常碳酸盐岩可以按成因分为3大类：A类-生物成因 的异常碳酸盐岩,B类-非生物成因（化学及水动力成因） 的异常碳酸盐岩,C类-生物、水动力及化学等复 合成因的异常碳酸盐岩;还可进一步识别出8个具体类别,包括微生物岩、角砾状灰岩、扁平砾屑灰岩、条带 状灰岩、薄板状、纹层状泥质灰岩、鲕粒碳酸盐岩及a、b型蠕虫状灰岩。近乎极端的古海洋环境和古气候条件 是P/T转换时期以错时相为主的异常碳酸盐岩得以发育并作为早三叠世重要沉积类型的基础;P/T生物大灭绝 事件发生以后,底栖动物对海相沉积层表面的破坏几乎停止,海洋洋流近乎停滞,与此同时表层海水饱受季风 与飓风风暴的侵扰,分布在生物礁或浅水碳酸盐岩台地之上的透光带菌藻生态系统生长为具有一定抗浪能力的 微生物岩,频繁的风暴对海底的影响使得同生期弱固结的碳酸盐软泥被打碎而形成同生砾屑,一定的古地形坡 度又加剧了风暴为诱因的碳酸盐沉积物重力流的发育;此外,碳酸钙过饱和的海水可以使得碳酸盐直接化学沉 淀于海底,同时巨型季风带来的黏土和粉砂与碳酸盐化学沉积共生,这一系列的过程发生于早三叠世早期特殊 的古环境中,造成了上扬子地区多种多样的异常碳酸盐岩沉积。     

中国页岩气资源及其勘探潜力分析

我国众多含油气盆地同样具备页岩气形成的基本地质条件。本文通过分析我国含油气盆地页岩分布,依据中国页岩气发育区的地质特征,利用类比法初步估算中国主要盆地和地区的页岩气资源量约为21.5×1012～45×1012m3,中值为30.7×1012m3。主要分布在南方聚气区、华北聚气区,古生界页岩气资源量大约是中生界页岩气资源量的2倍,四川盆地东部和南部下寒武统和下志留统页岩是目前勘探的主要层系。     

Neoproterozoic Mafic Dykes and Basalts in the Southern Margin of Tarim, Northwest China: Age, Geochemistry and Geodynamic Implications

<正>Neoproterozoic rifting-related mafic igneous rocks are widely distributed both in the northern and southern margins of the Tarim Block,NW China.Here we report the geochronology and systematic whole-rock geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic mafic dykes and basalts along the southern margin of Tarim.Our zircon U-Pb age,in combination with stratigraphic constraint on their emplacement ages,indicates that the mafic dykes were crystallized at ca.802 Ma,and the basalt, possibly coeval with the ca.740 Ma volcanic rocks in Quruqtagh in the northern margin of Tarim. Elemental and Nd isotope geochemistry of the mafic dykes and basalts suggest that their primitive magma was derived from asthenospheric mantle(OIB-like) and lithospheric mantle respectively,with variable assimilation of crustal materials.Integrating the data supplied in the present study and that reported previously in the northern margin of Tarim,we recognize two types of mantle sources of the Neoproterozoic mafic igneous rocks in Tarim,namely the matasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) in the northern margin and the long-term enriched lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric mantle in the southern margin.A comprehensive synthesis of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks throughout the Tarim Block led to the recognition of two major episodes of Neoproterozoic igneous activities at ca.820-800 Ma and ca.780-740 Ma,respectively.These two episodes of igneous activities were concurrent with those in many other Rodinian continents and were most likely related to mantle plume activities during the break-up of the Rodinia.     

岷江上游新磨村湖相沉积物粒度端元反演及其记录的构造和气候事件

应用沉积物粒度端元分析模型对岷江上游新磨村湖相沉积高分辨率粒度数据序列进行了反演,分离出2个端元。根据端元的频率分布曲线和沉积学分析,并结合岷江上游的地质构造背景,分析了各端元与研究区物源和古地震活动的对应关系。EM1为震间期的湖泊沉积,代表风力近源搬运的极细颗粒组分;EM2为极端灾变(地震等)期间的湖泊沉积,代表风力为主和部分水力近距离搬运的细颗粒组分。对新磨村剖面分离出的EM2百分含量与中值粒径、20～63μm、63～200μm粒径组分、磁化率值及地球化学比值(SiO₂/Al₂O₃、TiO₂/Al₂O₃、CaO/Al₂O₃、Sr/Al₂O₃、Rb/Sr,Na₂O/Al₂O₃)进行对比分析,各指标的突变明显受粒度变化控制,指示可能的地震事件,进而识别出26次地震事件。为确定地震事件所代表的地震震级,基于...     

塔克拉玛干沙漠沙垄起伏地形夏季地表温度差异特征

摘 要：开展塔克拉玛干沙漠沙垄起伏地形夏季地表温度观测试验，旨在为塔克拉玛干沙漠环境陆面过程研究提供科学依据。2019年6月7日至9月2日在塔中地区，沿沙垄迎风坡以及背风坡底部、中部、上部、顶点及垄间谷地共设8个地表温度观测点。结果表明：（1）夏季沙垄地表温度最高温出现在垄间谷地，为74.63 ℃，最低温出现在迎风坡底部，为10.52 ℃；地表温度一天中在7:00左右达到最低，15:00左右达到最高。（2）晴天、多云以及浮尘天各观测点地表温度日均变化曲线呈单峰型，降水、扬沙及沙尘暴天呈双峰型；地表温度的最高温与日均值最大值均出现在晴天的垄间谷地，地表温度的最低温及日均值最小值均出现在降水天的迎风坡底部。（3）沙垄顶点与两个底部最大温差范围是顶点与背风坡底部在晴天的温差范围，为0～18.62 ℃，最小温差范围是顶点与迎风坡底部在降水天的温差范围，为0.01～6.18 ℃；迎风坡和背风坡在晴天地表温度温差范围最大，为0.01～16.93 ℃，在降水天温差范围最小，为0.01～4.15 ℃；顶点与两个底部夏季综合温差范围在0～18.62 ℃，迎风坡与背风坡夏季综合温差范围为0～16.93 ℃。塔克拉玛干沙漠地表温度受典型天气影响变化类型多样，沙垄顶点与底部、迎风坡与背风坡地表温度差异受风力及地形作用明显。     

黑龙江省中东部地区二叠纪—早侏罗世洋陆演化过程及成矿动力学背景探讨

我国东北古生代—中生代洋陆构造演化存在较大争议.黑龙江省中东部地区二叠纪—早侏罗世岩浆活动强烈、矿床发育,这些为我们认识中国东北晚古生代至早中生代洋陆转换过程以及成矿地质背景提供了重要素材.笔者等在系统总结黑龙江省中东部的蛇绿岩、岛弧岩浆岩和矿床学研究成果基础上,分析并识别出洋内弧前弧玄武岩、富铌玄武(安山)岩和英云闪...     

Millennial- to centennial-scale anti-phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay ~ 3500 cal a BP

It is strongly debated whether the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are in-phase, anti-phase or out-of-phase, and how hydroclimatic changes in the above two climate systems affected trans-Eurasian cultural exchanges during the late Holocene. In this study, we establish a 3500-a-long paleoclimatic sequence based on high-resolution analyses of sedimentological and geochemical data of a well-dated sediment core from Yileimu Lake in southern Altay. High percentages of the >63-µm fraction and high values of Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios indicate strong transport of weakly weathered, coarse sediments into the depocenter of the lake caused by enhanced surface runoff and catchment erosion associated with a wet climate, and vice versa. High values of Ca and total inorganic carbon (TIC) contents imply increased precipitation of endogenic carbonates in the lake water under intense evaporation associated with a dry climate, and vice versa. This new record indicates two wet intervals at 3500–2300 and 600–100 cal a bp , interrupted by a severe and prolonged dry interval from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp , and a mild dry interval with occasionally wet conditions from 1000 to 600 cal a bp. These results are broadly consistent with other paleoclimatic records in Westerlies-dominated Asia and are generally anti-phase with those in the EASM region. We suggest that a strengthening/weakening and southward/northward migration of the Westerlies during a negative/positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) transported more/less water vapor into arid Asia. Meanwhile, a decreasing/increasing El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) superimposed on a southward/northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) triggered a weakening/strengthening and southward/northward movement of the West-Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), resulting in decreasing/increasing EASM intensity. In addition, the wet climate from 3500 to 2300 cal a bp may have contributed to the development of nomadic herding in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altay region, and to the opening of the proto-Silk Roads. Potentially, intense seismic activities in the Altay Mountains ~3500 cal a bp may have also promoted the opening of the proto-Silk Roads by forcing the herdsmen to move to the inter-mountainous basins. The strong EASM intensity from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp in eastern China may have contributed to the creation of the ancient Silk Roads by the Han Dynasty.