不同pH值黏土层对有机磷渗透的影响分析

采用施压条件下有机磷溶液渗透通过粘性土层的实验,模拟有机磷越流通过弱透水层的过程,研究粘土层pH值不同时对有机磷渗透迁移的影响规律。分析认为,有机磷渗透通过粘性土层的能力随着土层pH值的升高而降低;pH为7.5时矿化率为98.75%,迁移率为1.25%,土层pH值≥8.5时有机磷未穿透粘土层,阻滞效果明显。矿化形成的PO34-离子占总磷的百分比随着土层pH值的升高而增加,与Ca2+离子结合形成沉淀物的能力增强,粘土pH值的升高对有机磷的降解转化具有明显的促进作用。     

综合地理数据与MODIS物候特征的区域土地覆盖制图(英文)

The study developed a feasible method for large-area land cover mapping with combination of geographical data and phenological characteristics, taking Northeast China (NEC) as the study area. First, with the monthly average of precipitation and temperature datasets, the spatial clustering method was used to divide the NEC into four ecoclimate regions. For each ecoclimate region, geographical variables (annual mean precipitation and temperature, elevation, slope and aspect) were combined with phenological variables derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI)), which were taken as input variables of land cover classification. Decision Tree (DT) classifiers were then performed to produce land cover maps for each region. Finally, four resultant land cover maps were mosaicked for the entire NEC (NEC_MODIS), and the land use and land cover data of NEC (NEC_LULC) interpreted from Landsat-TM images was used to evaluate the NEC_MODIS and MODIS land cover product (MODIS_IGBP) in terms of areal and spatial agreement. The results showed that the phenological information derived from EVI and LSWI time series well discriminated land cover classes in NEC, and the overall accuracy was significantly improved by 5.29% with addition of geographical variables. Compared with NEC_LULC for seven aggregation classes, the area errors of NEC_MODIS were much smaller and more stable than that of MODIS_IGBP for most of classes, and the wall-to-wall spatial comparisons at pixel level indicated that NEC_MODIS agreed with NEC_LULC for 71.26% of the NEC, whereas only 62.16% for MODIS_IGBP. The good performance of NEC_MODIS demonstrates that the methodology developed in the study has great potential for timely and detailed land cover mapping in temperate and boreal regions.     

山东省莱州-安丘铁成矿带特征及找矿方向

莱州-安丘铁成矿带位于沂沭断裂带东侧,胶北隆起的西南部。成矿带呈NE向展布,长约100 km,宽10~20km。已知区内铁矿类型主要有沉积变质型、岩浆熔离型和岩浆期后热液型,成矿除受地层控制外,还与构造、岩浆活动关系密切。通过对地质和重、磁物理场的分析,确定不同成因类型铁矿的分布范围,并且划分出不同磁异常特征,指出今后的找矿方向。     

遥感技术在矿山开采动态监测中的应用——以豫西某铝土矿矿集区为例

以像西某铝土矿矿集区为试验区,以SPOT-5、资源二号卫星、QuickBird影像为数据源,提出矿山开采动态遥感监测的技术流程,并对试验区铝土矿开采状况进行动态遥感监测.根据基准年及现状年的监测结果,在基准年至现状年的3年间,试验区铝土矿开采量急剧增加,存在越界和界外开采现象,开采秩序一度比较混乱;现状年与基准年相比,越界和界外已停采面积均大幅增加,开采秩序好转;至现状年大多数铝土矿采场未进行复垦和环境治理.研究结果表:研究中采用的集3S技术于一体的矿业开发与矿山地质环境遥感监测技术方法是有效可行的,对其他矿山开采的动态遥感监测具有一定的借鉴意义;监测结果可为矿山的合理开发及可持续发展提供决策依据.     

三维变分方法反演风场的效果检验

为研究三维变分方法反演风场的能力、在不同天气系统中的适用性以及在实际业务工作中的应用潜力,利用广州、深圳、海口、湛江、龙岩和厦门六部多普勒天气雷达构成三个双多普勒雷达系统,选取热带风暴、飑线和层状云降水三种不同类型的天气过程。以双多普勒雷达反演的风场为"真值",对风场三维结构进行了对比分析,并根据绝对误差、均方根误差和相关系数进行了定量的效果检验。结果表明,使用双雷达资料进行三维变分方法反演获得的风场结构与各类型天气的基本特征一致,能够较好地反演出飑线系统低层强对流区前缘阵风锋处的风场辐合以及热带风暴的气旋式环流。基于单部雷达资料和双雷达资料得到三维变分风场对比表明,使用单部雷达资料不能很好地表现强天气过程中的风场结构,对热带风暴的涡旋结构和飑线系统内部的辐合线结构的反演效果都较差,只有在风向沿雷达径向时才能得到较准确的风场结构;同时使用两部雷达资料进行风场反演,不仅降低了水平风向的反演误差,而且解决了单雷达反演风场时,雷达径向风分量反演结果较好、切向风分量反演结果较差的问题。误差分析结果表明水平风速和水平风向的反演结果都比较可靠,层状云降水的风场反演效果优于热带风暴和飑线系统的风场反演效果。     

The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013–18

China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China. However, during network construction, the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored, which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments. This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013–18. The results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone concentration assessments. The increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM_2.5 concentration slightly lower by 0.6?2.2 μg m^?3 and 1.4?6.0 μg m^?3 respectively from 2013 to 2018. The main reason is that over time, the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant emissions. For ozone, the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration, especially the national trends, which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014?15. Besides, the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in summer. These results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments, that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment, trend analysis, and trend driving force analysis.     

地球物理测井在天然气水合物勘探中的应用

天然气水合物是一种潜在的巨大能源。美国、日本、俄罗斯等发达国家在该领域已经进行了大量的研究工作，试图从各个角度去探测天然气水合物的存在并评价其蕴藏量。地球物理测井在天然气水合物探测与储量评价领域发挥了重要作用并且随着以勘探天然气水合物为目的的钻井的增多，日益受到重视。基于国内在该领域研究较少的现状，综述了国外地球物理测井技术在天然气水合物勘探中的应用，详细介绍了常规测井方法定性识别和定量评价天然气水合物储层的孔隙度、饱和度方法和技术，基于含天然气水合物储层的碳氧比能谱测井解释模型以及成像测井在含天然气水合物井段的测井响应。并在此基础上分析了我国在该领域的研究思路。     

辽宁红旗营子铅锌多金属矿地质特征及岩体与脉岩同源性探讨

红旗营子铅锌多金属矿位于华北地台北缘辽东古元古代裂谷的辽东-吉南成矿带上.矿区地层为古元古界辽河群盖县组,断裂控制着矿床的分布.中生代岩浆岩活动频繁,与成矿关系密切.基于对红旗营子铅锌多金属矿地质特征的系统分析,研究了区内脉岩与矿体的时空关系,探讨了岩体与脉岩的同源性问题,认为区内脉岩与铅锌矿体在空间上密切共生,并且直...     

1996年我国南方洪涝的海气环境场分析

选用 1 95 1～ 1 996年中国 1 6 0站逐月降水资料 ,太平洋逐月平均网格点海温资料( 1 0°S～ 5 0°N,1 2 0～ 80°E) ,逐月大尺度环流指数资料 ,分析并探讨造成 1 996年南方洪涝的环流特征、气候背景及海温影响机制。结果表明 :大气环流指数与前期太平洋海温场有明显的遥相关关系。冬、春季海温的冷暖变化程度 ,可预示后期 7月各环流系统的趋势变化 ,环流系统指数自身演变存在较明显的年代际变化规律 ,1 996年南方洪涝就是在这种气候背景下形成的。海温冷暖变化影响大气环流系统的这种演变关系 ,对南方洪涝的短期气候预测具有一定的指示意义。     

湘西自治州大风天气气候特征及天气形势特点

通过湘西自治州10年的大风资料的统计分析,对湘西自治州大风的时空分布特征、天气特性、地形影响因素有基本的了解.对今后预报湘西自治州大风有一定的帮助和启发.