A New Method Used to Calculate the Homogenization Pressure and Related Thermodynamic Parameters of CO2-H2O System at T ＜623.15K and P ＜100MPa

根据CO2-H2O体系均一法测温过程中出现的部分均一和完全均一现象,采用最新的热力学参数及相关模型,分别建立相应的热力学方程.根据同一体系的摩尔体积在均一法测温升温过程中几乎不变的特征可知,部分均一与完全均一状态下,体系的摩尔体积近似相等.据此对影响摩尔体积的充填度进行微调,通过迭代运算,直至两种条件下的摩尔体积近似相等,从而可以获得精确的摩尔体积和充填度,进而获得体系中的CO2含量、完全均—压力以及流体包裹体的总密度等热力学参数.本方法只需提供部分均一温度和完全均一温度以及部分均一方式便可求取相关热力学参数,符合地质研究方法和思路.该方法只适用于完全均—温度低于623.15K、完全均一压力小于100MPa以及最后均一至液相或临界点的CO2-H2O流体包裹体体系.对比研究表明,该方法也适用于盐度低于6％的NaCl-CO2-H2O流体体系,所获得的热力学参数相对误差在10％左右.     

Bayan Obo Carbonatites: Texture Evidence from Polyphase Intrusive and Extrusive Carbonatites

<正>Most of the so-called Bayan Obo fine-grained dolomite marbles collected from the main and east orebodies show a microporphyritic texture,namely the microphenocrysts are set in a very finegrained matrix,although nearly all of them have undergone recrystallization caused either by deformation or alteration.The texture seems likely to have maintained the original features.It is known that one of the most characteristic textures of volcanic rocks is the porphyritic texture,and the microporphyritic texture is a variety in which both the phenocrysts and the matrix are only distinguishable with the microscope.Therefore,the dolomite marbles in the main and east orebodies may be related to the extrusive carbonatites.In addition,there also occur some carbonatite sills and dykes with different textures at Bayan Obo.Thus,the Bayan Obo carbonatites are polyphase intrusive and extrusive carbonatites.     

豫西栾川地区栾川群的层序、沉积环境及其构造古地理意义

运用构造分析与地层研究相结合的方法,修订了豫西栾川地区栾川群的地层层序,进而研究了栾川群的沉积环境及构造古地理特征。研究结果表明,栾川群主要为浅海一潮坪相的碳酸盐及碎屑泥质沉积,其中碎屑岩的成分和结构成熟度均较高,具有被动大陆边缘稳定型沉积特点。下栾川群沉积时期环境比较稳定,上栾川群反映沉积环境的动荡多变,可能为被动大陆边缘向主动大陆边缘转化的先期特征．     

Porphyry Cu (–Mo–Au) deposits related to melting of thickened mafic lower crust: Examples from the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain

Most porphyry Cu deposits in the world occur in magmatic arc settings and are formed in association with calc-alkaline arc magmas related to subduction of oceanic lithosphere. This contribution reviews a number of significant porphyry Cu deposits in the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. They widely occur in a variety of non-arc settings, varying from post (late)-collisional transpressional and extensional environments to intracontinental extensional environments related to orogenic and anorogenic processes. Their spatial–temporal localization is controlled by strike–slip faults, orogen-transverse normal faults, lineaments and their intersections in these non-arc settings. These deposits are dominated by porphyry Cu–Mo deposits with minor porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits, and exhibit a broad similarity with those in magmatic arcs. The associated magmas are generally hydrous, relatively high fO₂, high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic, and show geochemical affinity with adakites. They are distinguished from arc magmas and/or oceanic-slab derived adakites, by their occurrence as isolated complexes, high K₂O contents (1.2–8.5%), and much wider range of ε_Nd(t) values(? 10 to + 3) and positive ε_Hf(t) values (+ 4.6 to + 6.9). These potassic magmas are most likely formed by partial melting of thickened juvenile mafic lower-crust or delaminated lower crust, but also involving various amounts of asthenospheric mantle components. Key factors that generate hydrous fertile magmas are most likely crust/mantle interaction processes at the base of thickened lower-crust in non-arc settings, rather than oceanic-slab dehydration (as in arc settings). Breakdown of amphibole in thickened lower crust (e.g., amphibole eclogite and garnet amphibolite) during melting is considered to release fluids into the fertile magmas, leading to an elevated oxidation state and higher H₂O content necessary for development of porphyry Cu–Mo–Au systems. Copper and Au in hydrous magmas are likely derived from mantle-derived components and/or melts, which either previously underplated and infiltrated at the base of the thickened lower crust, or were input into the primitive magmas by melt/mantle interaction. In contrast, Mo and (part of the) S in the fertile magmas are probably supplied by old crust during melting and subsequent ascent.     

豫西地区中元古代蓟县纪沉积相

豫西地区中元古界蓟县系分布较广泛,剖面完整,是华北地台蓟县系出露最好的地区之一。在研究和分析121个露头剖面的岩性、沉积构造及组合特征等各种定性及定量资料的基础上,采用冯增昭教授倡导的单因素分析多因素综合作图法, 编制出豫西地区中元古代蓟县纪早期、中期和晚期的各类单因素图件和沉积相图。这种定量的沉积相研究方法在豫西地区还是首次应用。在蓟县纪早期,豫西地区主要是无障壁海岸相和浅海相,其中在卢氏-栾川地区主要为障壁海岸相。蓟县纪中期的沉积相与早期相似,但在卢氏-栾川地区由障壁海岸相演变为碳酸盐岩局限台地相。蓟县纪晚期的沉积相格局发生了较大变化,嵩山-箕山地区由古陆演变为河口湾相,确山地区为障壁海岸相,卢氏-栾川地区的碳酸盐岩局限台地相和其他地区的滨海相变化不大。从蓟县纪早期到蓟县纪晚期是一个海域范围逐渐扩大的海侵过程。     

青藏高原北羌塘南缘俯冲型石英正长斑岩的发现:来自地球化学分析证据

北(东)羌塘地块的二叠纪构造演化久存争议。笔者等在沱沱河地区发现了一套晚二叠世石英正长斑岩,其大地构造属性对北羌塘地块及青藏高原北缘古特提斯构造演化具有重要意义。该石英正长斑岩侵位于早二叠世火山岩和灰岩中,属钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具明显Eu负异常,εNd(t)值在2.1～4.1之间,n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)初始比值为0.70065～0.70566。岩石地球化学特征显示岩浆起源于俯冲板片或板片流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融,具有岛弧岩浆典型特征,岩浆在上升过程中经历了同化混染与分离结晶作用,最终高温条件下浅成侵位,由此反映北羌塘地块在晚二叠世还存在一定规模的消减作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北部奥陶纪盆地原型:来自贺兰山和桌子山地区奥陶系的沉积响应

鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘贺兰山—桌子山地区奥陶纪盆地原型一直存在争议。因此,作为连接盆地与造山带的纽带,鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘奥陶系的沉积响应特点理应引起重视。贺兰山—桌子山地区奥陶系沉积组合普遍存在二元结构,即下部以发育台地相碳酸盐岩为特征,上部发育一套复理石沉积,代表了盆地原型从伸展向敛合发展的不同阶段。本文选取贺兰山—桌子山盆地东、西缘奥陶系两个代表性的剖面作为研究对象,结合当时的古地理背景和区域构造演化特征,通过野外露头的详细描述和岩石薄片矿物组分的鉴定,揭示了桌子山地区奥陶纪沉积环境的演变序列和贺兰山地区樱桃沟组的事件沉积特征。借助本文部分作者在桌子山地区同步采样获取的牙形石化石的最新成果,确定了桌子山地区奥陶系二元沉积组合界线处的精确时限为牙形石生物带Pygodus anserinus结束的位置,时间上为晚奥陶世桑比期最早期,接近中、上奥陶统界线的年龄(458.4±0.9 Ma,ICG 2014),这与前人对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶纪构造转换面(或是盆山转换面)的时限一致。通过对比研究认为樱桃沟组与其下伏地层构成的被动大陆边缘—复理石沉积序列结构实为前陆盆地序列,代表了贺兰山地区于中奥陶世已进入前陆盆地发育阶段,樱桃沟组复理石沉积序列中多套滑塌角砾岩夹层的存在和显微研究表明阿拉善陆块(?)逐渐靠近华北陆块过程中可能从阿拉善陆块(?)东缘(被动大陆边缘)垮塌的产物。而桌子山剖面奥陶系相同的二元沉积结构,同样对应了Sinclair前陆盆地地层模型的前两个阶段,暗示当时前陆盆地业已影响到了桌子山地区。综合分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘奥陶纪构造体制由伸展转换为敛合的时限可能代表了阿拉善陆块与华北板块发生了初始碰撞。     

澳大利亚纳沃日金矿流体混合与金的成矿作用

流体包裹体研究表明，纳沃日金矿成矿脉体中流体包裹体类型有三种，富CH4、CH4－CO2－H2O和富H2O包裹体。初始成矿流体是富CH4热液，在主矿化阶段，另一来源的CO2－H2O流体与CH4流体发生了不均匀混合，并且在石英－磁黄铁矿阶段最为强烈，造成不同矿化部位的xCH4变化极大，早期近于纯CH4流体被充分“稀释”后，石英－黄铁矿阶段的xCH4显著减小，到成矿晚期只剩CO2－H2O流体。正是由于不同性质流体的混合，造成热液的pH及fo2的升高，流体中的金－硫络合物分解，金沉淀成矿。     

豫西花山花岗岩基岩石学和地球化学特征及其成因

花山花岗岩岩基是燕山期在华北地台南缘发生的陆内挤压俯冲作用的产物。组成该岩基的万村、蒿坪和金山庙岩体的矿物学、岩石化学、稀土及微量元素地球化学特征均可以与Ⅰ型（或华南同熔型）花岗岩相类比，反映出该地壳重熔成因的花岗岩对源岩──变质的中基性火山岩（太华群）的继承作用。因此，在划分花岗岩类的成因类型时，应考虑到其形成的地质背景、源岩性质及成岩方式等因素。     

豫西金家湾金矿成矿物理化学条件及矿床成因

金家湾金矿是新近发现的矿床。它产于角闪岩相变质岩内,矿体严格受破碎蚀变带控制。金最佳成矿温度为245～182℃,成矿热液为低盐度,10.3wt％～6.9wt％eq·Na-Cl,的Na-K-Cl-S流体。成矿压力1000×10~5Pa～800×10~5Pa。根据硫、铅、氧和氢同位素研究,该金矿的成因与本区燕山期岩浆期后热液活动有关,金沉淀阶段有大气水的混入。