Speciation and phytoavailability of heavy metals in sediments in Nanjing section of Changjiang River

Heavy metal pollution and their fractionations in the sediments of Changjiang River in Nanjing Reach was monitored for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu). Moreover, the biological enrichment of metals by riverine plants was studied. The results demonstrated there were highly significant variations among different sampling stations for the concentrations of tested metals. The highest range was for Cu (38.8–120.4 mg kg⁻¹), followed by Cr (74.4–120.0 mg kg⁻¹), Zn (80.9–121.1 mg kg⁻¹), Ni (26.0–55.5 mg kg⁻¹), Pb (15.8–46.7 mg kg⁻¹) and Cd (0.28–0.48 mg kg⁻¹). Cd was the element with highest biological enrichment factor (BEF). The highest BEF of Cd in Erigeron bonariensis reached 3.0, indicating a significant Cd enrichment in this aquatic plant. In addition, 60% of Cd was found in reducible fraction and exchangeable and acid-soluble fraction, which was consistent with its high mobility. The consistency of Cd fraction in sediment and suspended particle indicated they came from the same source. Accumulated Cd concentration calculated according to the release curve showed significant relativity with the total Cd concentration in the sediment.     

Cronobacter sakazakii还原作用对针铁矿晶体结构的影响

厌氧条件下,Cronobacter sakazakii以乙酸钠作为电子供体,针铁矿中Fe(Ⅲ)作为电子受体进行生命活动,其新陈代谢过程伴随Fe(Ⅲ)的还原。细菌增殖和稳定生长过程中不停还原针铁矿并大量累积Fe(Ⅱ);当细菌衰亡时,Fe(Ⅱ)的产生随之减缓;细菌的活动停止时,Fe(Ⅱ)不再积累并最终保持稳定。同步辐射XRD测试表明,微生物还原作用后针铁矿出现了一系列新衍射峰：4.8、6.03、6.13、6.84、7.7和11.4 峰,可能形成具层状结构的新物相。在XANES图谱中Fe主吸收峰向低能量方向移动1 eV,边前峰峰位中心向低能量方向移动且峰面积减小,表明Cronobacter sakazakii的异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原作用使针铁矿中Fe氧化态降低,矿物晶体结构发生了变化。     

A New Method Used to Calculate the Homogenization Pressure and Related Thermodynamic Parameters of CO2-H2O System at T ＜623.15K and P ＜100MPa

根据CO2-H2O体系均一法测温过程中出现的部分均一和完全均一现象,采用最新的热力学参数及相关模型,分别建立相应的热力学方程.根据同一体系的摩尔体积在均一法测温升温过程中几乎不变的特征可知,部分均一与完全均一状态下,体系的摩尔体积近似相等.据此对影响摩尔体积的充填度进行微调,通过迭代运算,直至两种条件下的摩尔体积近似相等,从而可以获得精确的摩尔体积和充填度,进而获得体系中的CO2含量、完全均—压力以及流体包裹体的总密度等热力学参数.本方法只需提供部分均一温度和完全均一温度以及部分均一方式便可求取相关热力学参数,符合地质研究方法和思路.该方法只适用于完全均—温度低于623.15K、完全均一压力小于100MPa以及最后均一至液相或临界点的CO2-H2O流体包裹体体系.对比研究表明,该方法也适用于盐度低于6％的NaCl-CO2-H2O流体体系,所获得的热力学参数相对误差在10％左右.     

Road Detection from Optical Remote Sensing Imagery Using Circular Projection Matching and Tracking Strategy

A road detection method based on Circular Projection (CP) matching and tracking strategy is proposed in this paper. The CP matching is a template matching-based algorithm with rotation invariant and low computation characteristics. This advantage is beneficial for twisty roads detection. Take the good use of the advantage, we improve the CP matching to make it more applicable for road detection, including: optimal template radius selection, approximation control parameter, and anti-interference correction for suppressing brightness and random noise affects. The overall road detection is using a dual-directional tracking strategy. In road tracking, we use a fan-shaped scope to limit the direction of template matching to prevent backtracking. In tracking procedure, we propose an adaptive template matching algorithm, overcoming changes between the selected template and targets. Finally, SPOT-5 and GeoEye-1 remote sensing images are used for experiment. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is rotation invariant, flexible and fast, which is applicable to the twisty road detection. The experiment results also show that road detection error is about 2?~?5 m, and detection accuracy is higher than 80 %.     

甘肃省文县刘家坪蓟县系变基性火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境

详细的野外地质调查显示,甘肃省刘家坪蓟县系为一套变基性火山岩,岩石以变玄武岩为主。岩石地球化学特征表明:A/CNK平均值为059%,具有铝不饱和特征;Na2O/K2O值为4700～14400,表现为钠质;在TAS图解中,显示原岩为亚碱性系列;在AFM图解中,样品点均落入拉斑玄武岩系列;稀土元素含量∑REE为5822×10-6～9559×10-6,平均为6781×10-6;δEu=083～117,δCe=088～095,稀土配分模式为平坦型;微量元素中,高场强元素Zr、P、Y、Yb相对亏损,Th、Hf、Nb相对富集,低场强元素K亏损明显,Rb、Ba相对富集,且Zr/Y值为238～391,Ti/Zr值为9230～14723,Th/Ta值为177～221,大于160。Sm Nd同位素测试结果表明,变玄武岩等时线年龄为(1 387±32) Ma。根据地球化学构造环境判别图,结合区域地质背景,认为刘家坪蓟县系变基性火山岩主要形成于与岛弧相关的构造环境,这一认识对研究碧口地块的构造演化具有重要意义。     

虚拟环境下长城文化景观的综合展示设计

长城是中华文明的厚重载体,更是享誉全球的世界文化遗产。如何利用现代新技术让更多人更全面更深入地了解长城、认识长城、感受长城,是长城保护与宣传的重要内容。本文提出了一种利用地理信息、互联网、全景摄影、多媒体和虚拟场景等多种技术,综合展示长城文化遗产、历史遗迹、环境景观和文化价值等的展示方案,为观众提供沉浸式的体验,推进长城文化宣传和展示,为长城资源旅游推介、价值探索、保护利用探讨新的模式。     

Bayan Obo Carbonatites: Texture Evidence from Polyphase Intrusive and Extrusive Carbonatites

<正>Most of the so-called Bayan Obo fine-grained dolomite marbles collected from the main and east orebodies show a microporphyritic texture,namely the microphenocrysts are set in a very finegrained matrix,although nearly all of them have undergone recrystallization caused either by deformation or alteration.The texture seems likely to have maintained the original features.It is known that one of the most characteristic textures of volcanic rocks is the porphyritic texture,and the microporphyritic texture is a variety in which both the phenocrysts and the matrix are only distinguishable with the microscope.Therefore,the dolomite marbles in the main and east orebodies may be related to the extrusive carbonatites.In addition,there also occur some carbonatite sills and dykes with different textures at Bayan Obo.Thus,the Bayan Obo carbonatites are polyphase intrusive and extrusive carbonatites.     

The Effect of Plunging Water of Waves on the Entrainment of Spilled Oil at Sea

Water Resources - The study of oil entrainment mechanism is the basis of the vertical process modeling of spilled oil at sea. In order to reveal the effect of plunging breaking waves, a dripping...     

上级指导预报订正方法研究

从适应现代预报业务需求出发,针对中央台、省台2010年指导预报进行检验,并认真分析降水空漏报原因,结合本地天气形势及地形特点,建立降水、气温及灾害性天气预报指标,并对历史资料进行反查。采用条件概率将消空率≥80％的预报指标作为消空指标,将预报准确率≥90％的预报指标作为补漏指标,对指导预报建立消空、补漏预报方法,提高市级订正预报准确率。该订正方法在2011年业务应用中预报效果显著。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of a DC Electric Field on Seismic Wave Propagation with the Pseudospectral Time Domain Method

We have modeled the effect of a direct current (DC) electric field on the propagation of seismic waves by the pseudospectral time domain (PSTD) method, based on a set of governing equations for the poroelastic media. This study belongs to the more general term of the seismoelectric coupling effect. The set of physical equations consists of the poroelastodynamic equations for the seismic waves and the Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic waves; the magnitude of the seismoelectric coupling effect is characterized by the charge density, the electric conductivity, the Onsager coefficient, a function of the dielectric permittivity, the fluid viscosity, and the zeta potential. The poroelastodynamic vibration of a solid matrix generates an electric oscillation with the form of streaming current via the fluctuation of pore pressure. Meanwhile, fluctuating pore pressure also causes oscillatory variation of the electric resistivity of the solid matrix. The simulated poroelastic wave propagation and electric field variation with an existing background DC electric field are compared with the results of a physical experiment carried out in an oilfield. The results show that the DC electric field can significantly affect the propagating elastic energy through the seismoelectric coupling in a wide range of the seismic frequency band.